RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1879]. Beans / (first root growth). CUL-DAR209.5.63-67. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Prepared and edited by John van Wyhe. RN1
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.5 contains materials for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).
63
(1)
Beans
Ap 21
Beans began to show roots in the study in the evening Ap 20th so moved to my room upstairs Temp about 15°C (59°F.) with no fire for the night & till next day when (2. 20 pm) they were brought back to study & placed on bookshelf far from fire— In cylinder with ground glass edge & cover, & with cap of brown paper.
(Used)
9. 35 AM Ap 21st
Oblong bits of sand glass paper shellacced on rough side & placed on tips of Roots 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, The length of roots measured from A to B
B
A
is given below
mm inches
✔ 51
5.5 .216
✔ 53
4 .157
✔ 54
11 .433
Used
✔ 55
9 .354
✔ 56
8 .315
✔ 59
9 .354
Size of glass-paper
1.8mm X
{ — broad bit
or
.9 — narrow bit
.071inch X
{ .059
or
.035
Examined 6. 30 pm
The root is straight in itself but makes an angle of 20° with vertical in 51 the "bean plane"
20
Sinking away from glass paper & away from Sachs.
In "other" plane it is vertical & this corresponds with the symmetrical position of the bit of paper. I mean, from the position of the paper no lateral bending was expected & none was found
(sketches)
pin seen behind
64
2
Beans
Ap 21st 6. 30 pm
53 — In "bean" plane, the root (which is straight) makes an angle 50° with vertical, away from Sachs & away from its paper In "other" plane vertical & paper is symmetrical
54 In bean plane root makes 40° with vertical away from Sachs & away from its own paper. The root is curved at tip in same direction, away from paper.
55 In "bean" plane 5° or 10° away from with vertical, away from Sachs, away from paper. In "other" plane, slightly away from card towards paper, if the root is considered as a whole, but there is ✔ a slight curve away from paper, which is slightly lateral
exaggerated sketch
56 In "bean" plane 30° from paper, from Sachs. ✔ In "other" plane 20° from with vertical from card which was laterally placed.
59 ✔ In "bean" plane about 40° to with vertical, away from card but towards Sachs
In "other" plane nearly vertical— & card paper is symmetrical—
65
3
Ap 22. 8. 20 AM
No changes in 51 53 ..... 59 except that 54 has a slight bend at tip towards paper
54
exaggerated sketch
Ap 21. 9. 59 AM — say 10° — ie aft 9°
Shellacced on glass paper oblongs on B & C
B = 6.5 7 mm =
C 12 mm =
Examined about 7 pm
C B— Base of root vertical, but upper 1/2 curved makes an angle of 20° from with vertical, from Sachs, from paper In other plane almost vertical, paper symmetrical
In
B C 8° or 9° from vertical from Sachs from paper In other plane 40° or 50 from vertical from paper Paper was lateral
[sketch]
exaggerated
B
Ap 22. 8. 30 AM
C B became nearly straight; B got a slight curve at tip towards paper
66
4
Ap 21 9 pm Bits of sand paper fixed laterally on 43
43 & 44 —
Ap 22 8. 35 AM
43 still almost vertical
44. bent at rt angles away from paper, partly away from Sachs partly in the other plane.
(as paper fixed by eye of course not stick is far from— laterally
Ap 22. 10. 8 am
Put gold beaters skin on first, then glass-paper shellacced on. & E. F
9. 20 pm.
E bent far over towards Sachs away from paper.
F. not bent.
Ap 23. 10. 55 AM
F clearly bent away from card; on dissecting it found the root quite protected by gold beaters skin which had curled round so that it must have been like a light touch on the opposite side
E is also quite protected by gold beaters skin
67
Ap 23. 11. pm
3 bean radicles growing vertically down.
Root 1 — 10 mm in length
—"— 2 — 6 —"— —"— (Preliminary trial)
—"— 3 — 6 —"— —"—
With a razor shaved off a very small bit of obliquely off the tip of the root of 1 & 2. No 3 had rather a larger cut, which removed all the conical tip
Ap 25th. 7 pm 44°
No 2 & 3 have grown bent clearly away from the cut side. No 3 curled right over its bean in direction of Sachs; No 2 laterally bent.
Temp— not recorded
I have no doubt in damp air
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 27 January, 2026