RECORD: Darwin, C. R. 1879.09.08. Solanum lycopersicum. CUL-DAR209.6.162. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by Christine Chua and edited by John van Wyhe 12.2022. RN1
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volume CUL-DAR209.6 contains materials for Darwin's book Movement in plants (1880).
(1
Sept 8th 1879. Solanum lycopersicum.—
Last night cotyledons of several seedlings vertical— placed in dark cupboards this morning at 7º 30' almost horizontal pretty widely open. Kept in darkness except for about 10' whilst Hypocotyl fixed by shell-lac & thread to little sticks, & very fine glass filaments with little triangle fixed to tips of 2 Cotyledons & at 8º 7' a.m placed under Bell-glass on study Table & kept quite quite dark, except at observations rather short & then very dimly illuminated.— Temp. 62º to 65º F
Nevertheless on 2d day the hypocotyls were became bowed slight to side where there was a distinct dimly lighted window which (at intervals) gave me light enough to observe.
No (1) Cotyledon— continued to fall all day till 1º 33' when they both were horizontal— for after another hour had risen a little, & then again fell greatly till 10º 5 P.m. when at by which hour they ought to have risen become vertical greatly in evening. But in the course of night reversed course & rose considerably by 7º a.m; they & continued to next morning morning to rise till 9º a.m, then stood still for about an hour but by noon had fallen.
[in margin:] (Work in with Lychnis Githago, when I show that it is periodicity of movement which is destroyed by want of light.)
[162v]
Second Plant.— continued falling, but in zig-zag line till 1º 30', then rose a little, & then for whole rest of day circumnutated on small scale about same spot, so that by 10º 5' P.m. (instead of having risen greatly, was almost exactly on the same spot as at 7º a.m.— instead of having risen greatly, as it ought to have done.
During night, moved a little laterally ie by 7º am; but by 9º a.m on next morning had risen a little; by 10º 20' had fallen to old level & by 12º had again risen a little.)
It is therefore clear that Cots of Tomato circumnutate a little in as complete darkness as it was possible to keep them completely [comparatively] with observations about every every 2 hours— Darkness does no destroys, circumnutation, but the periodicity of the movements & when these are great as with sleeping plants this result is very conspicuous.
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 30 November, 2025