[front cover]

Darwin Plants

— Plants —

[inside front cover]

Red = 1000

Green – 2000

Yellow = 3000

(980) curious Cryptogamic Plants.

2377

1343

1596

3056

name offibrous Lichen at Galapagos

[1]

(1

Plants.

1832.

196. Fruit from the great Adansonia. N. E. of Porto Praya. St Jago.─

200. 2 sorts of Fucus & (14. (b)

269. + The commonest tree in the island, growing in the valleys; the juice abounds with gallic acid making all iron things directly black.

NB. The following plants collected at St. Jago. cape de Verd. Islands} from Jany 16th to Feb. 8.

270. Near stream at St. Domingo. a little town in S Jago} No. 412 of JSH}

271. 272. Plants.

273. Ribera. Grande.

274. 275. Plants.

276. 277. Water cress and other plants from St. Domingo. {976. Achyranthes argentea JH) x

278. 279 Plants

280. St. Domingo. damp place

281. Do. {410 of I.H. Adiantum Capillus} ─ x

282. St. Jago. (Achyranthes argentea JH) x

283. Dry places.

284. St. Martin.

285. Plant.

286. The two lowest (in the Page) plants are the commonest on desert places. The bush smells sweet.

287. 288. Plants.

289. Quail Island.

290. 291. Do.

292. Plant with stalks on rocks near sea.

293. 294. St Domingo.

295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. St Martin.

301. 302. 303. St. Jago

309 Lichen. From the highest peak of Fernando Noronha.

347. Fuci. Do.

384. + A leafless tree bearing beautiful pink flowers

[1v]

980

[2]

(2

Plants

1832.

at Fernando Noronha, as essential character in landscapes.

392. Corferra. V P. 32 March.

Rio de Janeiro

463. Lichens. Mosses &c on trees chiefly oranges, old trees. May. Rio de Janeiro.

464. Lichens Do.

575. Cryptogamous plant, like a hollow horse hair on a dead tree in the forest. June. R. de Janeiro

581. Fern, hanging from tree. Do.

582. 583. Leaves and flower of Palm tree. Do.

584. Stem of Do. True height 9 feet; circumference at bottom 3 1/3 inches; at top 2 2/3. on the trunk there were 305 rings. Do these mark the year? shaded forest on hill.

585. Cryptogamous; cascade Tijenka.

586. 587. 588. Cryptogamous; plants on Caucovado, about 2000 feet above the sea; Clouds generally resting on it, the dampness produces innumerable Cryptogamous plants. These were procured. May. 30th

589. Zea, tree. Botanic Garden.

590. Cryptogamous; plant. Caucovado.

591. Do. growing in numbers on the old trees, on arid planes, near the sea, giving a most fantastic appearance to them.

596. 597. 598. 600. Cryptogamous; plants, chiefly on rotten trees, in forest. June.

686. Lichen, growing on stones near summit of Mount. The mount is 450 feet high. M. Video

761. + Succulent plant; covering large tracts of pampas, and looking at a distance like our heaths; grows chiefly in salt plains overflowed occasionally by the sea. Septr. B. Blanca.

762. A very abundant grass, growing in tufts and on sandy plains. Do. Do.

[2v]

[blank]

[3]

(3

Plants.

1832

763. + Oxalis in great numbers. B. Blanco. Flowers bright pink

764. Bush. very common; growing in tufts, like our gass banks NB Septr 23rd All these plants were in full flower. Do.

791. Clover, very common. This plant characterizes all the low, and more fertile spots; mingled with grasses and the Geranium (792) it forms a thick mass of herbage, in places nearly a yard deep; Septr. 15th to Octob. 1st. It is said the cattle do not eat it.─ B. Blanca.

792. + Geranium, very abundant, in flower middle of Septemr Do.

793. a low Bush, common near the sea. Octobr Do.

794. Do. flowers smelling sweet growing near the sea. Do.

839 Phytocalla: (a large tree) Buenos Ayres.

924. Lichen from very summit of Mount. M. Video.

Tierra del Fuego. 1833. Jany

976. + Plant, chief origin of the peat bogs. V. 155.

N.B. at the height of about 1400 feet I found dwarf Beech trees, (about a foot high,) in sheltered corners, the main line of separation between the trees and grass is perhaps 2 or 300 feet lower. Within the Beagle channel this line was so horizontal and wound round in the vallies in so straight a direction as to resemble the high water mark on a beach.

The extreme dampness of the climate favours the course luxuriance of the vegetation; the woods are an entangled mass where the dead and the living strive for mastery Cryptogamic plants here find a most congenial site. Fern however are not abundant. The Fuegians inhabit the same spot for many years;

[3v]

(a) It was in January in these very hills, about 1400 feet high, that, a snow storm destroyed two of Mr. Bank's party and caused so much suffering to the whole of them.

[4]

(4

Plants. Tierra del Fuego.

in one place I found 10 inches of fine vegetable mould over the layer of muscle and limpet shells, in consequence of this, these mounds may be told at a distance by the bright green if the vegetation. (1076 ). the concomitant plants are mostly the wild celery (1076), scurvy grass, (984) (985) black currants tree; these, although not used by the Fuegians, are the most useful plants in (B) the country and sum placed to attract attention.

977 + Parasite plant on the beach Jany.

978. + The infusion make a pleasant drink, much used by the Sealers instead of tea: grows on the hills: Bears a pale pink berry; with a fine sweet Juniper flavour: the plant is said by the sealers to be diuretic. Feb.

979. Cryptogamic: when alive partly enveloped in gelatinous matter. Feb.

980. (a) (same as 503 spirits) (a) light brown sporule, diameter 1/2000 of an inch; with these were bits of fibres, resembling necklace (each bead being about 1/4 of size of the sporule) I should think these acted as placenta to the sporules.

Capsule opens into four longitudinal pieces, which curl backwards. When placed in Alcohol, no action but the specimens was not fresh. The immature capsule, when first bursting from sheath, appear involved in gelatinous matter; grow in tufts, in wet places, near a cascade, in mountainous woods. Hermit Isle. Dec. 25th

981. + Growing generally near the wigwams

982. Plant very Alpine.

983. Pretty pink flower growing near to a cascade.

984.+ Scurvy grass (very good, growing near the wigwams V. 155.

[4v]

(a) In general habit resembling a moss; colour pale green, peduncle of capsule transparent capsule dark brown tough containing an infinite number of globular light brown sporules &c &c —

(B) Jemmy Button said. "when leaves yellow, snow all go". — Captain Fitz Roy states that in April the leaves of the trees which grow on the lower parts of the hills turn colour; but not those high up.— I recollect having read a paper to show that in England warm Autumns hastened the falling of the leaves; that the process is a regular part of the vegetation: This fact would seem to show the same law.

[5]

(5

Plants. Tierra del. Fuego

1833.

985 + Generally growing near wigwams. Feb.

985. (bis) + Current bush, generally near to the wigm

986. Lichen universal on rocks summit of mountains. Feb.

987. Lichen, mountain by S. Bay.

1013. + Beech, foliage yellowish green: (1011 ) Beech 1013 & 1014 These Beech trees are the only ones trees which grow on the mountains in this district (Hardy Peninsula).

The first is by far the most general, almost universal, and grows to a larger size: the other (1014) follows x (1014) the course of a rivulet or more sheltered rock, the contrast of the two greens, is at all times striking. Feb.

1014. + Bright green (Beech) as above. Do.

1045. Plant in habits much resembling the common rush in England. March.

1052. Lichen, common on mountains, and on rocks. Do.

1055. + Excrescences of Fungi; (edible) on the Beech same as in spirits (528).

1056. Junctions of parasite bush with the Beech of Tierra del Fuego, same as in spirits (532-534)

1073. A square piece cut out of the peat whilst forming. Tierra del Fuego. V. 156. March.

1074. + A very abundant bush in Tierra del Fuego. Do

Does not reach above 4 or 500 feet up the mountains; bears a very pleasant but bitter berry; colour and size varies, from white to dark red; I eat great numbers of them.

1075. Bog plant, same as (976) March. do

1076. Celery, generally growing near the wigwams; very good flavour when boiled in soups &c.

1077. Plant, growing in the peat and closely resembling in general habit and tint our heaths. March do

[5v]

[6]

(6

Plants.

1833.

1154. Lichen, growing near the sea very common Falkland Island. March.

1155. Parasitic plant on Beech. Tierra del Fuego.

1156. Grass, Wollaston Island and other unfrequented places. Do.

1157. Synginesia plant, on sand dunes Wollaston Island; also Falkland Island. Do.

1158. Alga. Wollaston Island. Do

The 4 last, from South part of Tierra del. Fuego.

1162. + The common grass which so universally covers the whole island, growing on the peat. Falklands March.

1163. + This is the largest tree, sometimes growing 2 or 3 feet high. Do Falklands

1164. Common low shrub. Do

1165. Plant very abundant resembling in habits our heaths. Do.

1166. Lichen, particularly abundant on the level country (1167) All the Lichens are very abundant in the island. The same lichen (986) which is so common in Tierra del Fuego is found here. march. E. Falkland Island.

1167 Lichen, abundant on hills. Do. Do.

1334. Gum, resin from the bosses of the Hydrocotile Gummifera. June. Maldonado. Falkland Isd.

Much oozes out naturally, but if the plant is cut, vast quantities of this milky fluid flows, which in a few days hardens; said to be good for cuts. Do. Do.

1345. Fungus (2 species) the flat kind growing on under side of timber. Do. Do.

+ 1346. Sycophodium. erdon. and Lichen. Do. July.

The Sycopodium often grows in open camp to three or four times the size of this one; but always, in same singular shape.

[6v]

[7]

(7

Plants.

1833.

The Lichen grows on damp indurated bare, not very pure sand near the dunes. it has a very singular appearance, where there is much of it.

1391. Grass. Cape Blanco: plant from R, Chupat, root eat for liquorice.

1590. Sort of Lichen, growing on the dry sandstone plains of Rio Negro. The patches are circular from size of shilling to half a crown; the ground is blistered, that is the patches are convex and partly hollow underneath. It is abundant.

1593. Bearded wheat, injured by the Pulvilho. V. 208.

1834.

1641. Lichen common on pebbles. June. P. Desire.

1930. Gum-resin. exuded from the bosses of the Hydrocotile gummifera for Chemical analysis. Falklands

2039. Very sweet smelling plant: with a rather biting arromatic taste; used for making tea by the seamen. (S. Cruz) River. S. Cruz

NB As all these plants were collected during end of April and beginning of May; they are late autumnal plants. I collected every one in flower; as indeed I have done every-where in Patagonia. Country same dry sterile shingle bed as before: from the sea to the Andes at the sources] of S. Cruz

2040. Plant on the dry banks; (flower minute?) High up the river: interior. Do.

+2041. 2042. Plants, 140 miles up river; grows rather near river; character of country same, as at coast; as these plants, I never saw to the coast are they not cordilleras plants crawling downwards. Do.

2043. Very adhesive, abundant about the lava cliffs, 8 or 900 feet above the sea; in the interior. Do.

+2044 Same locality; shady nooks amongst the rocks. Do.

2045. Plant, interior. Do.

[7v]

[8]

 (8

Plants.

1834.

+2046. Grass: this characterizes all the arid plains of South Patagonia. Do S. Cruz.

+ 2047. Plant interior. Do

2048. Do. on the wet shingle; river side. Do.

—

2377. Lichen Corferra. Consists of bunches of slightly branched hairs, coloured "Reddish orange"; grows commonly on the dead twigs of trees, here at Chonos and in Tierra del Fuego. The hairs when examined in the cabin (from hygematrical properties?) moved and started. The hairs have their extremities rounded truncate, when examined in eater, seem to consist of an outer vessel, containing an inner with a red fluid: this fluid is divided transversely, apparently in very same manner as the green matter in Corferra; each compartment is composed of 3 or 4 little spheres of the rea, matter, which either only touch or run into each other more or less. On the hairs there are irregular lumps, which contain a particle of the red matter, separate from the column. These are buds and thin young branches may be seen rising from them. Decemr. Chonos Archipelago.

Jany. 1835

2475. + Little plant, very abundant on hills. This and the bog plant of Tierra del Fuego, (& grass) here form great beds of peat. Latitude 45°!! December 1834. Chonos Archip. Midship. Bay.

2476. + Cryptogamous: (all ensuing ones) Do. Do.

All the Cryptogamic were gathered in 5 minutes and within a space of 10 yards square, a most wonderful; profusion.

+ How many species??

[8v]

[9]

 (9

Plants. Chonos Archipelago.

1835. Jany

2528 + Wild potatoes. Wild plants grow in abundance on all the islands of this group: the furthest point south where Mr. Stokes saw them was at Lemoos; But Mr. Lowe tells me the wild Indians in the gulf of Trinidad know them well, call them Aquina and eat them, and say they grow in that neighbourhood. At Lowes harbour (Lat. 44°) I visited a large bed; They appear a sociable plant; in all parts they grow in a sandy-shelly soil close to the beach, where the trees are not so close together; They are now (Jany 15th) in bud and flower; the tubers (1142) (in spirits) are few and small, especially in the plants in the shade, with luxuriant foliage. Yet I saw one, oval with the longest diameter two inches in length. They are very watery and shrink, when boiled; when raw have the smell of Potatoes of Europe; when cooked are rather insipid, but not bitter or ill tasted and may be eat with impunity, (V. Humboldt. New Spain Vol. II P.) The stem of one plant from the ground to tip of upper leaf measure exactly 4 feet!! These plants are unquestionably here amongst these uninhabited Islands in their wild state (Indians of the south recognizing them and giving them Indian name; general occurrence on all, even very small inlets &c &c). They grow on a sandy soil, with much vegetable matter.

The Climate is very humid and little sunshine, the Indian of Chiloe speaking the Williche language give them a different name from Aquina, the word of West Patagonia

The Potatoes has been found near Valparaiso.

V. Sabine Horticultural Society?

[9v]

[10]

(10

Plants.

1835.

3056. Lichen, lying, without any adhesion on the bare sand at Iquique Peru elevation 2-3000 feet; (where clouds often hang) sufficiently abundant in patches to give a green tint to sand seen from a distance; I saw one other species of minute yellow Lichen on old Bones, and a Cactus on lofty rocks on coast. Besides these three, there is neither Cryptogamic or Phanergamic plants on coast or for 14 leagues inland; and these species are only seen on the coast Mountains Coquimbo.

3153. 3154. 3155. Lichen, San Lorenzo Lima. 1000 feet. region of winter clouds. August.

3192 Cryptogamic plant same locality with number 3153 &c &c. — Do.

Septr. Galapagos Islands.

x3233. Plants on rocky most barren hills. Volcanic.— Chatham island.

Charles Island.

3242. Herbaceous Shrub, common in the higher and inland parts, smell something like the Geranium

3243. Woody Shrub; odour like honeysuckle.

3244. Parasite, growing on various kinds of trees.

Chatham Island.

3253.+ Common spiny bush, small scarlet flowers.

3254 + The commonest bush in the Island grows straggling, 6 to 12 feet high; leaves brownish green, very few in numbers;

3255.+ The largest tree; low thick, 1 to 2 feet in diameter, crooked branches, few leaves; Balsamic odour, trunk thick in proportion; common.

3256. Wild cotton tree, one of the commonest shrubs

3257.+ Green thickets, bright green generally common near sea side.

[10v]

[11]

 (11

Plants.

1835. Septr.

3258. Convolvulus like plant, on sea-sand; flower pink. Chatham Island. Ipomea maritima

3259. +  One of the commonest low bushes, small yellow flower, from Do.

James island, Octobr.—

3284. Cactus. Flower yellow: leaves rounded oval attached to each other in same plant generally; branches in different planes; trunk cylindrical, tapers but little 6 to 10 feet high; beset with strong spines, diverging from the points hence hirsute with stars.

Common on rocky ground.

x 3285. Fungus, on Mimosa tree.

3293. Large, succulent, clinging plant, grows high up in damp parts.

3294. + Syngynesia; the characteristic and abundant tree in the high ground (2000-3000 ft); grows to a good size; foliage pale bright green, trunk well formed cylindrical, branches regular.

3295. + Common tree, in the intermediate ground; the berrys Psidium Galapageium are eaten by the inhabitants and form main food for Tortoise and yellow Lizard, called Guyavitas, taste acid, little sweet, astringent and turpentinic.

+ 3391. Lichen Tahiti Novembr

3595. Fungus common on the decaying trunks of the Cocoa nut tree. Keeling Island. April 1836.

3596. Fruit of a large tree, milky, green, grows by pairs or three, likewise, root, of a small plant, which is sweet, when cooked and is sometimes eaten. From Do. Do.—

3637. Moss, on dead cocoa nut trees, in woods of Keeling Islands — April.

[11v]

[12]

[blank]

[12v]

[blank]

[inside back cover]

[back cover]