(1

12 to 15. Pale grey compac compact slightly lava; with a few irregular small cavities. – melts into black enamel

18. 19. 20 Blackish brown very cellular (cells of irregular forms) lava – apparently very ferruginous

21. 22. 24. a mottled cream coloured stone, with a firm & thereby even fracture and the edges sharp – a nearly pure calcareous base is mingled with a pale ochry powder which generally nearly fills up is generally collected into generally is collected into small & nearly fills up & very irregulared rounded cavities. – the calcareous base is either quite white & compact, or granulo crystalline. The most impure particles beneath two B. P did [illeg] not fuse. –Both varieties can just scratch calc. spec that most compact kind most easily.

25. Spherical white calcareous bodies from 1/2 to 1 & 1/2 inch in diam: commonly extraneous particle in centre surrounded by concretion layers which nearly surface mamillated with the rounded terminations of a coarse ramification which penetrate to the centre of the ball, when a small pebbles commonly form the axis — I am doubtful whether there have not existed as a nullipore or whether the structure is slaty owing to a joint pesolitic & stalactiform fineness of deposition.

35. Angular breccia & conglom: cement calcareous.

36 --- lava mounted – perhaps cementing matter.—

48. 49 50} Black cryst lava. – melts-black enamel – numerous spherical cavities, sparingly sprinkled with minute calcareous crystals.

51 do – with reddish olivine.—

53. Blackish brown very compact base with numerous cryst & augite & olivine

[1v]

ones of the specimens of which number is not a very fine one of aug Hornblende as determined by Prof. Miller comes no doubt from the lower series.

(2

54. cellular hardish dark green wackes with numerous specks of white decomposed felspar

58. Yellowish green mottled wacke; cut by the nail, full of partly decomposed cryst of Pyroxene. Even the white clayed matter fuses into a black enamel.

59. Dark Brown base slightly vesicular full of cryst of Augite – (Twin crystals Miller)

60 M do base, more compact & ferruginous cryst of olivine & oblong cryst of glassy mineral

62. Black compact basalt with few crystals of similar (kind

64. x Augite rock almost compound of cryst.

65 x 6 : 7 – do – do – do –

68 Dark grey slightly cryst base with amyg cavities filled with white earthy matter.

69. not vesicular rather earthy base, partially decomposed & stained by ferrug. matter with a most singular ruby or angulo=concretionary fracture

70 Augite rock base highly ferruginous red & decomposed

71. Hard compact grey lava melts black enamel, parts smooth fracture, others granular or minutely concretionary.

72 do do. do

75. & 76. do Lavas cemented with Breccia (cement all calcareous)

82 Finely Cryst. blackish grey lava.

83 allied to (68) fine compact cryst – base numerous specks of white earthy aluminium mineral, which when removed make rock – finely cellular. –

84. allied to 69. fracture very uneven; more scattered crystals.

85. M (?) Black compact base numerous cryst of Augite & decomposed olivine fracture irregular. –

86 x Pale green compact base, abounding with large cryst of gl. Felspar & numerous minute ones of Augite Hornblende. White glass. – Crystal of F generally elongated

[2v]

P. Miller thinks without doubt Hornblende

64 & 65 I tried both with goniometer & both gave crystals of Augite

(3

87 nearly same as (85)

88 to 93 pigments of black vesicular lava-cemented [illeg] by white abundant beautiful aragonite some of fragments separated by one to two inches of this mineral.─

101. X (label by Henslow) which I do not doubt belongs to this series. red cryst probably olivine most numerous in bluish grey base

101. 102. Black ves: lava. abounding with olivine

103 Rather coarsely cryst. greenstone. Hornblende or Augite (some mistake of number??

104. Black compact base, with augite & olivine

105. M Grey phonolitic base very few Ct of F. most numerous broken ore of same black elongated spicula as (86). amygdaloidal crevices with white mineral scratched by knife, not effervesce, sphincter & then slightly [illeg] black, borax green-transparent glass.—

brilliant light under microscope.— with borax. diaph glass.—

106. Green base with few augite, abundant glass F. rock melts into darkish green glass with black specks.

107 108} Pale. brown phonolitic abounding with cryst. of glass F.

109. Light brown ferruginous compact stony base, with numerous exceedingly minute crystals of augite (?) disseminated melts into black enamel.— Splintery irregular fracture

110-145. red scoria. light cellular. —

116-120 White friable irregular calcareous matter mingled with cinders.

121. Grey Lava. full of minute irregular cavities & contains small semi decomposed Cy. of red Oli. numerous.

122. do do do

123 Black compact base with Olivine & not so much decomp

124 do do do do

125 Finely Cryst. mottled base, with cavities (& with whole rock). lined with minute white crystals of mesotype

126. Phonolitic same as (86)

127. Minute fragments of lava. (almost in state of Pitch stone) cemented by radiating Arragonite.—

128. Coarsely Cryst. Augite or Felspar.— Augitic rock.

[3v]

125. Too small for goniometer. = Miller =

101. Probably olivine? Miller

4

129. do do

130 131 M Compact greenish yellowish grey not base, glittering with minute scales of mica, & numerous small decomposing cryst

132 1 M? Darkish grey but slightly vesic totally cryst base, — elongated few crysts

132 Very compact black. Homo : f Conch. fracture, few crystals, whitish parallel streaks

133. 134. x Blackish grey lava where largish masses of (Riverine  M) have partly been converted into soft ochry substance an opake dark yellow mineral

135: 36 37 do do do. more or less changed

148 6 do blacker with more augite

147 dusky grey base with augite, large scales of black mica & amyg cavities with carb: of Lime

148 149 arragonite violet & greenish.—

150 cellular lava with spindle-shaped masses of C of Lime

153. Pale clay coloured lava, cryst structure only discov with high power irregular splintery angular structure fuses into green glass.—

154 155 Dusky grey smally angulo-concreting structure crystalline appearance with some olivine

156. 157 Nearly black very compact finely cryst Basalt with a distinct concretionary structure sphere 1/4 to 1/2 inch hence very irregular fracture

158. Black. perfectly basalt irregular fracture

159. Grey nearly Hom: lava with minor parallel white streaks

160 yellowish cryst arragonite

161. 162 minute cindery fragments glossy almost state of pitchstone cemented by arragonite & all the cavities with radiating little masses distinct fibrous of arragonite

163. distinct pigments of cinder united by white arragonite assuming on external surface a botryoidal form

[4v]

133 decomposed Olivine probably? Miller

(5

164 to 169. Greenish grey, phonolitic abounding with cry of Gl H. (one 8/10 long) varying number of augite: generally fine into very pale glass

170-173 Black Augitic lava, crystalline, with a little Olivine

174. Blackish grey lava abounding with yellow Olivine

175 do with red partly decomposed Oli

175 178 179 180} as 174. abounding with O. base purplish grey might almost be called Olivine rock

181 82 83 84 ─ White origin friable calcareous matter mingled with patches of red cindery matter

224 Arragonite white strong from mass radiating structure

─ St. Pauls.

M

235. greenish black very compact rock, angular irregular fracture, some points with just touch glass, but generally can be scratched with knife.─ infusible under blowpipe.─

236 Allied do, but pale green, softer more crystalline slightly translucent with blackish cryst specks edge fusible with green enamel

237 238 intermediate between the two last, showing tendency to an obscure general cleavage structure.

240 241 M yellowish Clay coloured stone, with a sandy feel, but perhaps on truth

242 brown, semi concretionary semi cryst mineral interstices containing strong alum smell: Calc matter & serpentine & angular patches of rock (240) vein of the first brown mineral.─

(6

243 do do do with interstices patches of a pale copper green substance yielding to the knife & partly composed of Lime.─

244 Same mixture of brown mineral with calcareous & serpentine veins & patches of brown rock.─

245 much of the same

246 M {small fragmentary mass of same rock cemented by yellow mineral not radiated not carb of Lime?

247 248 do do

249 small fragment of stone & shells cemented by pale brown compact calc: rock.─

on some of the fragments a coating which follow all inequalities thickest part 1/12, seen formed of thin concretion layers colour grey white, external layer very glassy. Pins attached hard, requires force to scratch it with knife.─ calc spar no effect with blowpipe decrepitates & scale off slightly blackens emits fetid odour, & becomes strongly alkaline so as to affect the Turmeric Paper not effervesce.─ There is lime in neighbouring rock, & much bird dungs is it Mati of Lime?─

252 Vesicular veined mass. Calcareous ferrugin matter soft friable

Fernando Noronha

255-258 Greenish grey phonolitic base easy friable into white glass; with few scattered cryst not commonly elongated of glass feldspar

259. 260 darker grey, do slaty few cryst.

261x . 262x. 263. black compact base with numerous elongated M very dark red cryst of (Hornblende (M)) Augite ? & Amyg. with Calc matter & mesotype? Zeolite

[6v]

262. elongated crystals Hornblende goniometer/Miller [calculation not transcribed]

(7

264. Pale grey rather earthy base. (white glass) with numerous elongated acicular crystals is in the Phonolitic & very few of glassy Felspar

265. 266. 267. 268. nearly black grey, fine basalt; conch fracture, full of crystals of Olivine

Bahia

310 x glittering feldspar & do Hornblende obscurely arranged in layers.─ felspar looks scaly.─ highly crystalline.─

311. do. rather more compact

312. granitic mixture of grains of Q. & decomposing F. ferruginous

313. Layers (interrupted) of quartz in red crystalline felspar

314. as (312) not decomposed

315 nearly same with but syenitic

316. bright red cryst F. with very few layers of quartz

317. Granitic rock with crysts of Carb of Lime /N.B. hence always consult note Book

318. see N. B

319. Black very nearly Trappean rock with small crysts of gl. F; although dark colour melts into pale enamel.

320. almost comprised of small glitt cryst of Hornblende, with little feldspar

321 x 322 do do

337-341 Pale yellowish aggregate of transparent grains of quartz fragments of quartz & specm in calc. matter.─ fracture conchoidal even brilliant sonorous

369-372 Pale coloured, very hard fine grained siliceous sandstone with little calc cement.─

373 yellowish earthy much softer silvery scales of mica

374 {Very light brownish black liquate, slight inflammable. Appear full of cells

375 same as (369 &c)

376 same as (373) but of a green colour.─

[7v]

310 nothing more can be said that greenstone Miller

321 Determined by Prof. Miller to be Augite by goniometer

(8

377. Light brown compact heavy effervesces slowly ⸮ entirely soluble ? ─ turn black & magnetic in Blowpipe point [intensely] aluminous smell: in mur. ac: a rather large verdure of white powder is left: alkaline after blowpipe.= (Structure cone in cone Henslow)

380

380 Brownish crystalline aluminous limestone with [bluish] shells.─

383 Sandstone same (369) &c.─

396 to 399 yellowish brown rather fine grained saurtone varying from hard to rather soft.─ patches of quartz cemented by a pale orchry matter.─ few scales of mica rather has appearance of originating in decomp of granitic rocks.─

401. 402. 403. indurated much, sectile buck smooth conchoidal fracture alone; smell adhere slightly to the tongue pale or blackish brown.─ slightly saline taste.─

404. do passing into a grey extremely fine grained sandstone

406 sandstone like (396 &c) worn into numberless vertical cylindrical holes & some irregular cavities forming a curious net work. ─ (Henslow remarks as happens in the Oolites.

408 x 409 brilliantly cryst. greyish green greenstone heavy very compact.

467 Gneiss layer of quartz granular felspar minute scales of mica & scattered garnets.

1039 to 1040 I cannot imagine a more beautiful series, showing gradation from 1039 a true angular small with a little pyrites & epidote breccia in which cement is greenish felspathic ─ to 1040 with more even fracture patches more altered, cement more crystalline; 1041 patches can scarcely be distinguished felspar well crystallized black crystalline specks suspended & colouring the felspar & tasty 1042. no trace of breccia structure, the Hornblende quite separated & distinctly crystallized.─ all the rocks. Heavy compact sonorous with an even fracture

[8v]

408 In the bed fragment. I showed to Prof. M. all that could be said was that it was greenstone

(8

Specimen sent me by Mr Fox

[See letter from Henry Stephen Fox (31 October 1833), CUL-DAR39.1-4.]

1485 1486} Splendid red porphyry, base slightly crystalline with cryst of red Felspar & large grains of quartz

1482-4 Numbers lost. bluish grey base with very large crystals of flesh-coloured feldspar & some glassy & grains of quartz

All the other numbers from 1475 to 1481 being lost & nothing to indicate.─ I can only say that from specimens were coarse greenstone: (2) basalt with embedded crystals: (1) basalt, the latter probably from P. Alegre.─

1636 Reddish purple Claystone Porphyry specimen seems to show their strata an inch in thickness composed of two varieties, one more purple & compact with well formed crys of opake F.: the other harsher brighter colour base abounding with grains of quartz & less perfect cryst of F. many of which appear drusy in centres

1637 Dull red hard not touched by knife compact Conch fracture Claystone base. fine obscure crystalline structure non porph:­ fuses with some difficulty.─

1638 much the same with disseminated grains of Q. & imperfect cryst. of earthy felspar.

1639 Pale purple base filled with cryst of F, some drusyin centre, some opake & earthy passing into glassy: few some grains of quartz.─

1640. White friable in fragments beneath finger, very light.─ fuses with great redness non calc.─ slight alum smell adheres to tongue viz fine grained (allied to 1533 & 1536.─

1642 1643 Fine Pitchstone jet black very irregular angular fracture fuse readily into white glass.

1644. 1645 ─ a singular rock full of irregular spherical cavities 1/2 inch in diameter; base of rock reddish claystone non porph. ─ but each cavities is surrounded by margin of more compact dull purple Claystone (friable white glass) cavities with pieces of crust. as if an internal case

[8v]

1640 This & the others of same kind beneath microscope with high power looks are seen to be very minute angular grains, of broken crystals generally transparent.─

1645 Base & veins of dark rock both fusible, latter perhaps with most difficulty.─

(9

had collapsed some ferruginous matter & white cryst of quartz small.─ Two or three of them drusy cavities often confluent.─

1647 1648 an extremely hard compact Claystone base, scratches glass yet fuses into white transparent glass beautiful dull smooth conch fract. edges extremely sharp translucent. Has all external characters of a Porcelain rock. Colour red like radole mottled with white ─ In part the colour alternate in interrupted undulating bands & pass into each other ─ Some of the layers are also distinguished from the others by containing more numerous minute specks of quartz.─ In one specimen white marks like rudimentary cryst of F.─

1649 (dike) (I shall for future call the white substance a little more or less friable &c &c – decomposed felspar.)— This stone contains numerous atoms of quartz & very few small pebbles of Claystone rocks.─ colour white.─ rather heavier & firmer than the generality of the class: non Calc: appears exactly like Calc: much

1650. White firm with a tendency to crystalline structure stone of a felspathic nature rough fracture full of minute cavities which are crossed by threads as in pumice: character approaching to it but far more compact.─

1651 Decomp F. with grains of quarts, snow white &c &c &c like that of R. Negro excepting rather heavier & more consolidated.─ non calc: ─ appear just like chalk placed side each other can hardly be told apart.─ Chalk rather finer grained ─ ⸮ origin is not similar?─

1652 (dike) a compact aggregation of grains of quartz & minute detritus of the Porphyries & decomp cryst of F. The whole singularly resembling a true Porphyry but I think not.─ colour dull red─

1653 dike Harsh hard from pale orange. Felspathic stone containing rarely a cryst of glass f. full of small irregular cavities often angular & nearly regular partially filled with an orange ferruginous powder.─

[9v]

(1648) changes of colour seem to depend to the Chemical arrangement of the iron – colour in blotches.─

(9

1655 Allied to crust of a brownish flesh-coloured ─ base cryst allure quite trachyte in character more crysts of = glassy feldspar.─ minute cavities often angular extremely numerous, empty.─

1656. Reddish purple, rather fine grained, earthy fracture (as it appears to me). compact from aggregate of detritus of Claystone Porph ─ mottled with white-specks without symmetry appear to me decomposed  feldspar (appear no cryst. action)

1657 Hard strong rock, with very numerous earthy fracture mottled with pale blueish & reddish purple, which sometimes appears owing to a brecciated structure.─ certainly contains rounded grains of quartz; rarely sometimes porph with glassy felspar: few small irregular vesicular cavities general base allied to claystone

1658 Reddish purple claystone base embedding extraneous small fragments & grains of quartz─ fragments & changes of colour & coarseness forming layers.─ yet whole mass porph with nature of glassy felspar.─ even the layers of diff varieties of Claystone appears to be grouping itself & terminating in abrupt points─ Some of the Breccia truly embedded, the contained grains of quartz being intersected (sketch).─

1659 allied to last, no trace of laminæ, rather brighter red true breccia fragments blend into matrix much grains of quartz.─ fracture irregular earthy.─ I should call this easy trace of recrystallization.─

1660 Purple Clay st. Porph.─ abounding with grains of quartz, obscure brecciated struc.— well formed cryst of opake snow white strong felspar & veins & masses of do.─ some of the smaller cryst partially glassy. Have these been glassy & decomp? I think not, because the vein like masses certainly could never have been so.─ People generally take opposite

(10

> 1663: 64 Pale yellowish white decomp F. semi conch smooth fracture , soft yet scarcely friable &c &c &c easy friable; rather more clayey.─

> 1662 Rather more sandy feel, grains rather coarser, & evidently appear as broken crystals not quite so white.

1665 Tolerably hard about equal calc Conchoidal spec earthy fract, quite white opake, adheres to tong. Alum smell, no cryst structure indurated decomposed felspar.─

1666 Has all the characters as above, but much coarser & irregular fracture is seen to be composed of broken crystals; a volcanic tuf hence others in inference.─

1667 do well rounded grains of quartz, angular cavities as if broken cryst had been decomposed & washed away, but besides this whole rock minutely vesicular somewhat after the fashion of Pumice structure very little if at all crystalline, an obscure brecciated structure probably super induced.─

1668 do. very white fine & evenly grained, character of greenstone, rather light

1669 do. particles rather more blended hence smoother & semi conch fracture nearly identical (1665)

1670 White grey with tinge of green consists of an aggregate of small broken cryst chiefly glassy F. & black mica & quartz in sparing cement a hard harsh opake white matter as above rock with rough fracture

1671 (dike) an aggregate of rounded grain of quartz & some felspar in white cement mingled with ferruginous & [illeg] of mica

1672 much the same as 668 but yellowish tinge rather finer grained conch fract.─

1673 same as 666 667, but with a few small rounded pebbles

1674 Red claystone base, earthy fracture but decidedly porph; with very imperfectly formed cryst of F.

1675 Decom F. like (1651) like chalk small fragments friable under fingers

[10v]

x 1675 These substances are scarcely to be distinguished from the R. Negro beds. ─ How different ages.─

(11

1677 Brownish red compact Claystone-base, with well formed cryst of opake passing into glassy Feldspar. The crystals often show a reticulatedstructure or fibrous few grains of Q.─

1678 rock same as 666 only softer numerous mica scales

1679 as 1674 but with scarcely a trace of porphyritic crystal

1680 x Brecciated Pitchstone embedded fragments appear very compact, are of a reddish colour appear siliceous nature & are porphyritic with grains of Quartz. The pitchstone itself appears porph.─

1681 nearly same as (668) not quite so evenly grained

1682 same white class united into a firm slightly harsh rock – structure can scarcely be said to be crystall small angular cavities & a few very obscure fibrous cryst of G. F. ─ embedded fragments & cryst

1683 nearly do, rather coarser less cryst & porph structure, more extraneous particles, & ferruginous.─ water lines do not follow grouping of materials probably decomposition.

1684 Pale dull purple sonorous highly conch fracture harsh light very much character of indurated tuf:/ yet I certainly believe porph with obscure imperfect fibrous Cryst of G. F.

1685 Allied (672, faint Peach Blossom: con more compact smoother, non true conch fract. rather more porcelain in nature

1686 (as 684) a shade coarser, duller red few fine scales of mica. rather less cryst struct

1687 as 685 a shade coarser

1688 as 682 allied to 666 slightly ferrugin. grains of quartz &c &c

1689 intermediate between 1671 & 666 slightly ferrug grains of quarts &c &c

1690 as 684 but true Porph with well formed Cry of Gl. F slight fibrous structure

1691 allied to 635 more truly Porphyritic, the interrupted layer like patches give rock a brecciated appearance in parallel plains

[11v]

This Brecciated structure probably is connecting because 1680 the very same substance which surrounds the irregular cavities in strange rock 645.

(12

It is remarkable the manner in which the ingredient of these patches have separated each other, external portion being white opake & slightly fibrous, appears as Felspar; the centre more translucent & siliceous with embedded grains of Q. ─ I can giving process of aggregation going on tile orbicular rock formed of centre of quartz surrounded by F.─

1692 closely allied to 1682. Harsher hard heavier; fusible full of larger cavities which appear certainly caused by several of white friable substance ─ it is doubtful whether same cause has produced smaller cavities traces of porph cryst.─ white.─ rounded grains of quartz

1711 Dull purple base, almost composed of well formed cryst of white opake felspar which can be cut & most numerous grains of Q. also large irregular patches of snow white mealy powder or earthy F.─

1729 same as 664.─ Easily fusible grey glass.─

1764 1765 Base pale purple rather harsh Claystone as in the Porphyries but no trace of Porph.-structure: a very obscure lined appearance may be seen in one specimen as in Porph (691) Throughout rock divided into nearly spherical balls which differ from the rest in being white rafa more earthy coarse structure, — in some cases this appears owing to the dissemination of minute siliceous particles.— many of the spheres have an irregular portion on one side hollow but lined with minute quartz crystals.— This vesicular structure & presence of quartz Cryst allies rock with (645) & nucleus of quartz with Porph. (691) Presence of Quartz in many cases seems connected with drusy cavities, more as cause than [illeg]

[12v]

1764 The base & parts of the white ball are fusible

(13

1766. Purplish claystone: Porph Conch Fract. obscure cryst-struct & Porph structure:—

767. like 660 But rather coarser.—

768 nearly same as 1766 fine even conch fracture more truly porph: & with numerous grains of Q:

1812 1095 Laminated substance alternating in thin rather convoluted layers with a substance like wacke & which in parts appears crystalline the substance is fusible: the laminated substance is very glassy & of a brown colour; can be scratched easily by knife, but scarcely at all by calc spar.— has somewhat aspect of some lignites— can be divided into very thin elastic plates, which are very transparent.— under blowpipe sometimes slightly decrepitates curls up, blackens, becomes magnetic & is quite infusible.— with borax dissolves considerable quantities with remarkable case, glass just tinged green.— in glass tube water is expelled.—

1096 heavy brown fine grained trappean rock fracture rather common; no trace of calc: structure.— black glass.—

1097 same as (2087) rather more crystall: struct:

1098 (app p. 15) Brown lava rather earthy fracture, vesicular cells partly filled with dark greenish brown soft earthy matter.— cut by nail

1099 nearly same (2092).

1100. Pale grey even glistening fracture from the compact crystalline nature of rock with few cryst of gl. F. & few vesiculas.

2114 Pale brown soft but not nearly friable beneath fingers: rather uneven fracture, decomposed crystals fine grained vol. tufo can be readily fused

2115 do. rather coarser.

2116. 2117 allied to the class of Decomp. F. but rather harder, contains white pigments which certainly appear like decomp. trachyte fragments.

2118 blackish grey very compact heavy calc. sandstone Volc. crystals spatulis cemented together.—

[13v]

1812) Heavy hard compact rock with a rough straight fracture dusky greenish grey resembling a trap.— is calcareous may be described as porphyritic with small white (very numerous) cryst of Carb of Lime.— but the whole easily fuses into black glass.— the base full of green specks of an earthy material which though angular appear no doubt of concretionary origin.— these cryst also numerous minute grains which appear like quartz (are probably so far for one infusible)—

The rock evidently shows much chemical action but as several some minute fragments of shells retain their form it may be doubted whether the action has been heat, but rather chemical action in fine mid.—

(14

2119 allied to 1976 but non calc: fracture almost porcelain minute scales of mica, adheres to tongue, will not scratch glass.— fuses white glass.—

2120 Soft (cut with nail but not friable micaceous laminated fine grained pale coloured muddy sandstone. — contained microscopic univalve, slight Flocculent beneath microscope very easy fusible—

2121 ochre coloured soft volcanic mudstone, nothing distinguishable with lens, even tolerably firm cemented can be marked with nail — just such as vol. ashes might be supposed to form.— fuses readily — dark green glass—

2681 V. app p. 15 Uspallata & fuse into black metallic enamel- forcibly attracted by magnet but not before B. P. result from the soft black-brown metallic substance: rock easy fusible into: mottled base in which a little calc matter is diffused. This substance & the white Felspathic

2681 having appearance of green earth but fusible ⸮ in green earth?

Pale brown, fracked earth appear to replace each other in the nodules with little green) base) fusible into clear glass abounding with amyg kernel masses of calcareous spar & agate. — and some distinct large cryst of nearly black carb of Lime also sperical certainly concret. as many be seen by thread like veins.— masses of a bright green earthy matter sufficiently hard as not to be cut with the nail but easily with knife. This matter under blowpipe fuses easily into dull enamel. = (like Chlorite in action under blowpipe) =

2683. Pale green Homog. base. (probably F. coloured by same green) fuses into spar. & some agate.—

2684: 85; compact fine grained breaking with square angular fragm. bluish grey rock; with an almost cryst-structure.—

2939 &c fusible white enamel.

Copiapo

3001. Compact reddish dull purple. Claystone Porph few small cryst.—

02 do base mottled

03 {reddish base glittering with minute scales of black mica calcareous small embedded fragments, perhaps sedimentary

04 pale lilac base hard angular semi=conch fract. with few cryst of white fels. & embedded black spots

[14v]

— all these are strong rocks .— Coquimbo — all

2939 Rough rather irregular fracture. — colour mottled & rock appearing brecciated with various sized particles of white, green & red.— the white is cryst. carb of Lime.— the green which is in larger angular patches with dull fracture showing however obscure tendency to cleavage.— so a rather soft mineral detached easily with knife, edges translucent, colour bright with blowpipe fuses easily into dark enamel, which is slightly magnetic. The red form the largest patched and has the most earthy appearance yet even this not truly sedimentary; portion are attracted by magnet, before been heated; fuses into dull green glass; is the o ⸮ [illeg] by iron ringed with some friable matter.— Besides these ingredients there are some rounded dull purplish particle which appeared extraneous the rest no doubt concretionary or chemical origin.— In some red shows tendency to cleavage. = (there is vein of pale reddish soft crystalline mineral non calc which fuses easily dull enamel)

(2937) bright green base, which fuses or dark green black enamel attracted by magnet allied to concret particles in last, but more earthy nature, with very numerous cryst of white calcareous & small black ores, (some decomp) of specular iron ore, once  becoming micaceous.— blood red streak & powder. I feel no doubt same as earthy matter as last, so vice versa structure.—

(2940) bright green base sometimes earthy sometimes obscure cryst.— embedding very numerous white cryst. (& some kernels of ) of Carb of Lime. (no iron Cryst) & dull threads of silver & mur of silver = Having dissolved Carb of Lime: in the green base white specks perhaps crystalline may be seen & under blowpipe a white or pale green enamel is given which when broken is partly attracted by magnet. I suspect green earth has partly passed into felspar.—

(2938) base much darker bottle green with little differ. calc mottled & few cryst if do.— porphyritic with imperfect cryst of opake Felspar.— & few of the red specular iron— bases fuses into jet black enamel highly magnetic.— I cannot doubt it is the residue of after felspar has separated itself.—

I see no reason why the green earth & calc spar should not be formed by water. Mem specimen (1812) But felspar no.—

(15

3005 do rather whiter not quite so smooth & porcullanous a fracture porph with rather more crystals

06 Dull purple mottled base, fragm with irreg cryst of opake F.

07 Purple Claystone Porp abundantly porph with elongated crys of opake gl F.

08 like 09.— crystals glass more perfect.—

09 dull purple crystalline claystone base porph with scarce more than one cryst.

010 compact smooth base earthy fract. red & purple mottled calcareous porph with numerous cryst of felspar

2700 2995 3016 2938} Uspallata – Copiapo These rocks allied compact tolerably hard.— fine grained angular straight fracture: 2700 is pale reddish brown semi crystalline base with very few & obscure patches of green concretionary earth.— but the base is identical with base of 3089!! // — 2995 and 3016.— have appear composed of dull minute crystalline grains of nearly equal size. 95 has ochreous specks & streaks of stained red base bring dull greenish; whilst 16 has concretionary specks of red earth.— chemical action has gone on.— originally — mud stones. I am inclined to think much chemical action gres or deem sea with fine sedimentary but perhaps slight heat may also have acted. Also (2988) pale green base just the same as two last Henslow thought more truly sedimentary appearance: but I do not understand if [illeg] crystals of same size should thus be deposited & not wafted decomposed into impalpable mud — this rock fuse very readily into pale gres & white glass.—

I here describe an earthy mineral falling from amygdaloid.— In specimens 1033 2681 2098 (balls in this even 2 in diameter.— Brown matter, scratched by quill: in parts blackish brown with metallic tinge.— easily fuses into black bright enamel which is highly magnetic

[15v]

Stetile blacker not fusible

Chlorite fuses into dull enamel

{Chlorophaiti as refractory as quartz not changing but contains much iron

[85a]

2253 balls of lime very dark brownish green glistens [picture] which can be scratched with quil, externally filles dark metallic appearance much iron run radiating structure from centre, swell up to 3 or 4 lines fuses under blowpipe seen this to consist of bright specular a scales-like mica, there are all magnetic fuse easily into jet black enamel.—Cauguenes

2681 small Brown matter scratched by quill, where most perfect blackish brown metallic lustre almost like bog iron ore, — easily fuses (not swell) into jet black enamel highly magnetic — (Uspallata range)

2996 this green corlig so thin could hardly try, but appeared not hard firm black slightly mag.— pale green cryst I could not examine, mingled with lime & often only acting as [illeg] matter.— a chlorite with quartz (Copiapo)

[85av]

2098.) balls even soft quill pale greenish brown externally & sometimes internally metallic lustre easy black, magnetic glass— Olivine [talc]

1033 exact same blackish brown slight metallic lustre.— (balls in agate) same entire red & B. P

3469 Pale bright green very translucent (T-del Fuego [Wollaston] Isd) soft easily corlig knife intensely black in B. P the point fuses with different into black glass.— very magnetic.—

3468 behaves every respect just same.—

(16

In (2353) kernels of Lime or of dark brownish green mineral which has glistening fracture external surface, black & rather metallic.— can be scratched with quill has structure radiating from centre.— under blowpipe first swells up to two or three times original size.— where substance appear changed into spicula & plates of mineral resembling mica — is in this state magnetic also often easy fusion into jet black glass in so. — these kernels enveloped in thin layer of green substance as if stained by malachite.—

2996 Carb. cryst of Lime often mingled with pale green cryst mineral (like Chlorite with quartz) this green mineral I know not nature but perhaps is allied to last specimen are both surrounded by innumerable amygdaloidal minute circles, by being if green (as before like colour of malachite) soft mineral which blackens fuses & becomes magnetic under blowpipe. There is great connexion between these two rocks.— in latter the green lining in former the central ball most developed.—

I imagined Henslow suggested their substances at first were Chlorophœite described by Maeullort p. 504 Vol. I. with its colour changed but action under blowpipe totally different.

Still more so did I imagine it is the following but unchanging colour & action under blowpipe fouled it.

in 3469 pale but bright green, very translucent, soft easy cut by knife instantly blacken under B.P the points fine with difficult into black glass very magnetic.— In 3468 — the dull vermiform threads which cross the linear cavities behave every respect the same.— These minerals evidently all contain much peroxide of iron, but I cannot make character agree with any in Phillips.—

(17

Specimen 3751: 2: 3: 4. — and 2930

In 3751 perfectly rounded fragments from the 1/100 to 1/10 in size of beautifully white or yellowish fragments together with pink ones of coral are held together with some force by calcareous matter just at points of contact.—

3752.— Do fragments-together with pieces of shells & with same sized rounded particles of VR. rock cemented into firm rock: every particles of whatever nature is formed coated with thin layer of equal thickness of white calc. cryst matter — perhaps the thickness is not more than 1/200'.—

3753 & 4 — are same but only fuse from volc particles V. descript of the rocks

2930 Os an extraordinary rock colour yellowish white.— on first breaking a fragment has the appearance of small fragments of shells united but on close examination, the appearance become less.— fracture rough.— & covered with crystalline facets.— There are also a few minute rounded particles of quartz & other matters.— it is found to consist of little cases which may be compared to the non epidermis of a flat seed.— having a usual size between 1/10 & 2/10 of inch.— These cases are either empty or filled partly or entirely filled with two different substances one is white & chalky the other transparent crystallized calc. spar.— The two sometimes occur in one cell.— The chalky matter is found to be decomposed shell by which process its structure is better displayed & have the chalky matter is divided into laminæ, which are not conformable to the outer case. Where the fragment has been part near the hinge their layers are often curved.— From this structure the chalky matter which has been removed generally has leaves the some symmetrical portion od the case empty.

(18

The cryst. Carb of Lime &c evidently supplies occupies the place of the chalky matter.— sometimes the two jointly fill up two halves of a case; at other times though the who[le] kernel may be of cryst matter and the greater proportion are so constituted. yet lines such as divided the shell whether straight or curved show the gradual filling up.— The others the V cases no structure whatever occur in the kernel whether it entirely or partially fills up the envelope.— The position of the cryst matter appear to have no relation to every process of deposition from ordinary gravity, as the up[p]er or lower or either end in indifferently changed.— At first I was completely puzzled to account for these rocks where this changed nature of the rounded particles hav at first leaves some doubt respecting their nature.—

From Ascension we learn that particles of shells & extreme fragments, (which latter circumstances have also disappear) become coated with envelopes precisely similar to the cases of this Coquimbo rock.— We must then suppose this shelly matter becomes partly decomposed & is then partially or completely dissolved but whilst this is going on that cryst calcareous matter is depositing.— We can easily understand that water filtering through the rock might dissolve this chalky matter and that the same flowed or water otherwise changed in another situ = action might again deposit again deposit the crystalized matter.— This former once assumed the same chemical attraction of its particles might well present its being dissolved would cause it to hold a different relation to the solvent power of water, than what it did in this chalky state.— The most curious part of the whole circumstance is the extreme permeability the water holding lime in solution of the crystalline envelope.— It is however what must happen in all cases of petrified shells :indeed have the only difference, is that a rounded the changes

[18v]

have here taken place with minute rounded fragments instead of with perfect shells, and that this matrix in small quantity only consists of the envelopes of formed as we daily see there in Ascension.—

If siliceous had been deposited in all the envelopes perhaps no one could ever have guessed the origin of such a rock.— From this case we may understand the origin of angular cavities in Limestone rock lined with crystals as for instance in the Mag. Limestone.— Fragments of rocks a rock chalk or other earthy limestone would be in fusing the same state as the fragments rounded particles of decomposing shell.—

(19

3378 Base blackish grey basaltic full of crystals of Olivine so tarnished & red as to resemble oxide of iron (action under blowpipe & some clear fragments show nature). highly vesicular cavities either filled with two minerals.— one which is white earthy soft does not effervesce [illeg] in a manner which I never saw equaled also muriatic acid produced little effect.— generally fills cavity half up & sometimes entirely but never lines a cavity: the other mineral from its angle appears to be the rare mineral Chabasie.— it either entirely fills or lines, or most generally caps the white earthy mineral.— a thin layer of translucent mineral connects the two.— I may add that the earthy mineral in contact with sides of cells are also translucent, & slow concretionary structure — The appearance is as if the white sediment had first been filtered and then the Chabasie — but Prof. H. remarked that it is against all probability as even possibility that mineral should filter through rock & thus obey laws of gravitation whist in this second case so such law is obeyed.— He suggested that this matter must have separated from the melted lavas & thus been precipitated according to it weight & that subsequently the Chabasie had been infilled.—

The rock has a most singular aspect.— Some of the cavities are lined with moist minute opake green cryst the nature of which I do not know.—

[19v]

3045 3046) Iquique Heavy compact stone with even straight fracture & easily scratching calc spar surface furrowed by sharp diverging ridges which often bifurcates & may be compared to miniature model of mountains.— The stone itself is a compact anhydrite steamed with some iron as seen by borax, & probably containing some earthy matter — from small, but it behaves as true anhydrite under blowpipe, contain grains of quartz 7 F. and small angular particles of rock.— The whole mass is traversed by broad branching veins of snow white finely crystalline anhydrite.— There it might be supposed at first glance [illeg] their veins had been subsequently infiltered but on examining the embedded small fragments each is found to have a narrow border of the same pure anhydrite which clearly shows that the  ch substance has been separated.— It is also remarkable that the extremities of the embedded fragments have been separated within force as if by ordinary mechanical injection.— on this subject consult specimen from St Helena — the Calc. balls.—

The external surface of 3045 resembles some organic body also resembles surface produced when large masses of salt are dissolved.— ridges very sharp: parallel yet bifurcating straited.— or rather radiating.—

[88a]

378 Yellow = a prism about 79 1/2 ─ not yet ascertained what it belongs to

[words excised] llants

[88av]

[word excised] ─ as I am [word excised] puzzled about

your Keeling plant ─ the authorities give much [word excised]

(20

Wollaston Isd

1857 at first glance appears like a orange grey-porphyry fracture utterly straight, but irregular on the small scale.—Instead of cryst of F. it abounds with rounded kernels, one a two tenth in diameter, filled with an: extremely hard mineral having lustre colour & transparency of wax. – fracture flat conchoidal: under blowpipe the first points can with difficulty be fused certainly more infusible than felspar. – Externally however this mineral decompose into a white earthy matter, exactly like decomposed F. – These kernels by no means resemble air cells filled up.—The base melts easily into a greenish grey enamel. – is evidently same nature as common base of porphyries only kernels produced instead of cryst of F.

21 292. Porphyry – base dusky purplish balls. – crystals of fels Albite (angle 93º) in elongated extremity tabular form each consists of many laminæ & divided by this cavity of glassy red oxide of iron. –

Then cryst after cast each other in exact [sketch] & whether crystal are seen endways or broadways great difference. There are also runner pea formed balls of the dark green soft mineral &c often described.— some of these balls are seen to consist partly of the base & partly of green mineral with obscure small gist of felspar & minute rounded balls of the gres with white ring of felspar showing how completely whole is concretionary only. – [sketch] = Surface of balls marked with small pits (Yaquil)

3086) Copiapo Red cryst wh have often been mentioned: opake radole end. crystallized in plates small crossing each other.— (one observation O got 129°25' not according to Brook is very near the mark) — not magnetic under B.P blacker become highly so. — powder red cryst soft not scratch glass easy cut by knife — give out much water = hydrous peroxide of iron.—

In this specimen numerous yellow translucent grain, which appear like olivine I will not positively say they are so.— base fuses into mottled cement: [illeg] acid gl F. can be seen

[20v]

3380 two minerals in large cavities pale brown grey base – 1s either mesotype or stilbite (too soft for [analiume]) lines casilu & forming branches of [illeg] also [analiume] chabasie

apparently crystallized on the mesotype but having some cavities continually –

(1) is mesotyn for it becomes opake vitrifies without intumescence &c

3382. blackish brown basalt, slightly & minutely vesicular with fer crystal, angularly irregular fractures & mottled of different shades of colours. –

3381 blackish young rock / vesicular in lines & marked with white wing streak vesicular in line parallel to them

3383 mixture of large cryst of angular decomposing olivine, & cavities line with white [anggadal] mesotyn

--84{same as 82 with numerous cryst of Aug & old & rather rotten

--85 do cryst smaller, base paler more felspathic min rather

86 87} tuff brown & grey.—