(p. 1

Appendix

Descriptions of Tertiary fossil shells

from South America

 by G. B. Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S. &c

(1

Mactra? rugata. Pl. II f. 8

italic/Mactra? testâ oblongâ, tenui, turgidâ, latere antico altiore, rotundato, postico longiore, acuminato; lineis incrementi rugas concentricas efformantibus.

[For readability, section left undeleted.]

This is in a soft rust-coloured sandy clay, of the same character as that in which the Cucullæa alta, but very different from the stone in which most of the fossils shells of this locality are found. (The shell itself is changed into Gypsum.)

(Santa Cruz, Patagonia)

Mactra Darwinian D'Orb Pl. f. 9

(Mactra testâ ovali, subæquilaterali, subventricosâ, tenuiusculâ, lævi, concentricè striatâ, anticè rotundatâ, posticè obsoletissimè subquadratâ.

It is impossible to get at the hinge, wherefore it cannot be ascertained positively to be a Mactra. G. B. S.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

Crassatella Lyellii D'Orb. Pl. II. f. 10.

Cras. testâ oblongâ, planiusculâ, tenuiusculâ, posticè angulatâ, margine postico sup dorsali declivi, superficie sulcis obtusis, remotis, longitudinalibus ornatâ.

This species most nearly resembles Crassatella lamellosa of Lam.; it is however destitute of the erect lamellæ with which ornament the surface of that species.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(2

Corbis? lævigata. Pl. II f. XI

Mactra Corbis testâ ovato-rotundatâ, ventricosâ, lævigatâ, margine intùs lævi; long. 3.2, lat. 2., alt. 2.7, poll.

It is not without some hesitation that I have placed this in the Genus Corbis, although it is of the same general form as most of the known species of that genus. It is quite free from external rugosity or lamellæ. There are two specimens, both of them so imperfect that it is impossible to ascertain with certainty the character of the hinge & muscular impressions.

Navidad, Chile.

(p. 3

[pencil note:] Mr Sowerby can say no more thanto call it Solenella [few words illeg]

d'Orbg considers it a Solenilla (to 20

Chiloe, East coast.

Tellinides? oblongâ Pl. II. f. 12.

Tellinides? testa oblongâ, subæquilaterali, anterius altiore, posterius acuminatiore, utrâque rotundatâ; disco glabro, lineis incrementi solumodo signato; long. 1.3, alt. 0.7, poll.

This shell is very thin, and being imbedded in a hard compact stone, all attempts to get at the hinge have proved abortive: it is therefore placed in Tellinides as the genus to which it approaches most nearly in external characters.

M. d'Orbigny considers it a Solenilla.

(Chiloe, eastern Coast.)

p (4

Venus meridionalis D'Orb Soc Pl. II. f. 13

V. testâ ovali, plano-convexâ, concentricè striatâ, striis acutis, distantibus, subelevatis, interstitiis radiatim obsoletè striatis; margine minutissimè crenulato.

This so closely resembles V. exalbida Lam. in shape, as not to be distinguishable, except by the radiating striæ & the finely crenulated margin.

S.anta Cruz, Patagonia; and Navidad, Chile.* (Back of Page)

[4v]

* Foot-note

Wherever a fossil has been found at two localities, the name first given implies, that the best specimens came from that place.

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(18

Chiloe, east coast

Cytherea sulculosa. Pl. II. fig. 14.

Cytherea testâ subovatâ, anticè rotundatiore, posticè longiore, acuminatiusculâ, obtusâ; sulcis concentrîcis, confertiusculis, medio obtusis, anticè posticèque acutioribus ornatâ; long. 1., alt. 0.7, lat. 0.4, poll.

I have compared the single valve of this with numerous recent and fossil Veneres & Cytherea, without being able to identify it with any. As I have not been able to see the hinge, I have only judged it to be a Cytherea from analogy.

Chiloe, eastern coast: H islands of Huafo and Ypun?

(6

Cardium Puelchum D'Orb. Pl. II. f. 15.

Card. testâ subglobosâ, tenui, læviusculâ, latere postico subcarinato, superficie striis radiantibus, numerosissimis, confertissimis instructâ.

The radiating striæ & the interstices are nearly equal. Nearly the whole outer surface is gone from both specimens.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(7

Cardium multiradiatum. Pl. II. f. 16

Navedad, Chile

Cardium testâ subglobosâ, costellis radiantibus posticis 13, rotundatis, medianis plurimis planulatis, interstitiis rotundatis; margine denticulato.

These are all the characters that can be given, as there is only the posterior portion of one valve; of course the general form is only surmised, and the proportions cannot be ascertained.

Navidad, Chile.

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[blank]

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Cardita Patagonica. D'Orb. Pl. II. f. 17.

C. testâ subtrapeziformi-rotundâ, tumidâ, subcordiformi, subobliquâ, costis radiantibus 24, angustis, angulatis, squamoso-serratis, interstitiis latioribus.

Nearly related to C. acuticostata, and may be distinguished by having fewer and more distant ribs.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(10 (9

St. Cruz Patagonia.

Nucula glabra. Pl. II. f. 18

Nucula testâ ovato-oblongâ, glabrâ, nitidâ, latere antico breviore, postico magis acuminato; marginibus dorsalibus declivis.

I have referred this to Nucula, because there is no external fulcrum for the attachment of the cartilage & ligament; the nature of the stone in which it is imbedded has rendered it impossible to expose any part of the inside.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

St. Cruz Patagonia.

(10

Nucula ornata nobius Pl. II. f. 19.

Nucula testâ posticè truncatâ emarginatâ, superficie lineis elevatis undatis concentricis ornatâ.

A beautiful species which apparently resembles N. Thraciæformis in general shape, but inasmuch as a fragment alone has been found, we cannot give a more complete character.) Port Desire, Patagonia.

(13 (11)

St. Cruz Patagonia.

Pectunculus insolitus 1948

Trigonocelia insolita Pl. II. f. 20, 21

Pectunculus Trigonocelia testâ subovali, crassiusculâ, valdè obliquâ, lævi; areâ ligamenti trigonâ, lateribus elevatis; dentibus paucis, magnis.

This species is the most more unlike the typical form of Pectunculus of, than any which has come under my observation, being even more oblique than the P. obliquus of De France, from which it differs moreover in being smooth on the outside, and destitute of radiating ridges.

S. Cruz, Patagonia

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Cucullæa alta Pl. II. fig. 22, 23

Cucullæa testâ ovato-trapeziformi, subobliquâ, subrugosâ, umbonibus distantibus, areâ ligamenti profundè sulcatâ, impressionis muscularis posticæ margine ventrali elevatâ.

There is a considerable prima facie resemblance between this species and Cucullæa decussata, Min. Con. This from St. Cruz may however be easily distinguished from the British, by its greater height, its more oblique form and by the greater number of impressed lines on the ligamental area.

S. Cruz, P and Port Desire, Patagonia.

Anomia alternans Pl. II. fig. 25

(Anomia testâ suborbiculari, costellis radiantibus plurimis, subsquamiferis, alternis minoribus.)

(There is only a single valve of this species.)

(Coquimbo, Chile)

(p. 13

Terebratula Patagonica D'Orb G. B. Sow. Pl. II. f 26 & 27

T. testâ ovali, lævi, valvis ferè æqualitèr convexis, dorsali productâ, incurvâ, foramine magno, ad marginem valvarum ferè parallello; deltidiis, mediocribus; areâ cardinali concavâ, 1/3 longitudinis testæ: margine antico integro.

Slightly different from the T. variabilis of the British Crag, (vide Min. Con. t. 576, f. 2 to 5) to which however it is very nearly related, as it is also to the T. bisinuata, Lam., of the Paris basin. It may be distinguished from both by its having no sinus in the anterior margin.

From St Julian & St. Joseph's Bay.

S. Josef. and S. Julian, Patagonia.

(14

Port St. Juliam Patagonia

Pecten geminatus Pl. II. f. 24.

Pecten testâ æquivalvi, ovatâ, auriculis inæqualibus, costis radiantibus squamuliferis 22, geminatis; interstitiis alternis latioribus, nonnunquam costâ minore instructâ; auriculâ alterâ magnâ radiatim costatâ.

In general form this species resembles Pecten textorius (Schlot.) Goldf. Tab. XC. f. 9, but it has very few more than half the number of ribs, which in the present species are disposed in pairs. The P. textorius moreover belongs to the Lias and inferior Oolite, according to Goldfuss.

San Julian, Patagonia.

(15

15)

Pecten Darwinianus d'Orbig Voyage Part. Pal. (Pl III f. 28, 29 of this work)

3 Pecten duplicatus, testâ ferè orbiculari, subæquivalvi, tenui, utrinque convexiusculâ; extùs lævi, intùs costis radiantibus, per paria dispositis, propè centrum minùs conspicuis; auriculis parvis. [pencil note:] described by orbig as Darwinianus in Palæontology

Like Pect. Pleuronectes, P. Japonicus, and P. obliteratus in general characters, but easily distinguished from all three by the circumstance of its internal radiating ribs being disposed in pairs. This species has been named Pecten Darwinianus d'Orbig voyage Pal. and Pl. IV. III f 28 & 29 of this work.

4 Ostrea Bellovacina Desh: [pencil note:] Patagonica d'orbig

[pencil insertion:] Alvanzii d'Orbig

7 5 Casts of Turritella

8 6 Retepora (no. 364)

15 (a)

& described by M. d'Orbigny, but as his description is very brief, owing to the condition of his specimens, & is unaccompanied by any figure, I have thought it advisable to append the above specific character.

San Josef, Patagonia and St. Fé, Entre Rios.

Pecten Paranensis d'Orbig Voyage, Part. Pal. (Pl. III. fig. 30 of this work.)

This species has been figured and fully described by M. d'Orbigny, & has been accidentally refigured here.

San Josef, S. Julian & Port Desire, Patagonia; and St. Fé, Entre Rios.

[betw 15 (a) & 16]

Pecten Paranensis d'Orbig Voy. Pal. & Pl. IV III. f 30 of this work

P. testâ subcirculari, subæquivalvi, valvis convexiusculâ, radiatin squamulosis, radiis prominentibus, rotundatis 18 and 19, interstitiis æqualibus; radiis interstitiisque singulis lineas tres radiantes squamuliferis ornatis, squamulis linea centrali majoribus: auriculis magnis, subæqualibus, radiatim squamuliferis.

In form this species resembles P. opercularis and P. asper of Mineral Conchology: internally the ribs are very strongly marked.

[15av]

Pecten centralis nobis

Two fragments of this Shell, both of the same side, are from this locality. One shows the general form and the other the asperities. Described under St. Julian

(5 (16)

Port St. Julian, Patagonia

Pecten centralis, nobis Pl. IV III. fig. 31

Pecten testâ subcirculari, depressâ, radiis quinque squamuliferis centrali eminentiore, lineis radiantibus asperis numerosisque ornatâ; auriculis magnis, subæqualibus?

A single fragment of this remarkable species was found at Port S. Julian; two others were brought from Port Desire. These fragments are all of the same side, so that we are as yet but very imperfectly acquainted with the species.)

San Julian, Port Desire, S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(17

Pecten actinodes Pl. IV III. f 33

P. testâ suborbiculari, convexiusculâ, tenui, valvis subæqualibus, radiis principalibus subelevatis circa 36, intermediis 3-7 minoribus, omnibus squamuliferis; auriculis inæqualibus, radiatim squamuliferis, alterâ magnâ, porrectâ, alterâ parvâ, declivi.

Remarkable for its principal ribs being numerous and only slightly elevated, and for its intermediate ribs being very numerous.

San Josef, Patagonia.

(18

2 Pecten rudis Pl. III. f 32

Pecten testâ suborbiculari, subinæquivalvi, crassiusculâ, rudi, costis radiantibus 22, rotundatis, interstitiis angustioribus; intermediis nonnunquam ferè obsoletis; margine validè undulato.

The specim is only a fragment; another fragment accompanies it, which may possibly be the opposite valve.)

(Coquimbo, Chile)

[x] (12 (19)

St. Cruz, Patagonia

Crepidula gregarea. Pl. III. f 34

Crepidula testâ oblongâ, intortâ, crassâ, subrugosâ; septo elongato, subspirali, lævi; vertice submarginali.

This species is remarkable for its lengthened form: it is found, grouped together in an argillaceous sandstone of a grayish colour. It bears a strong general resemblance to Crepidula fornicata, which is found, similarly grouped, on the coasts of New York, New England, and generally on the Atlantic coasts of N. America.

S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(21 (20)

Huafo

Bulla Cosmophila Pl. III f. 35

Bulla testâ subcylindraceâ; extremitatibus obtusis, rotundatis, anticâ paululum latiore; striis numerosis, confertis, transversis, interstitiis angustioribus planiusculis; long. 0.9, lat. 0.4.

I do not find any character to distinguish this from the fossil which abounds in the neighbourhood of Bordeaux, and which is also found near Paris and in Normandy, and which Deshayes has regarded as merely a variety of Bulla lignaria, Auctm., from which however it may easily be distinguished by its much more cylindrical form.

Island Huafo Island, Chile

(37 (21)

Navedad, Chili.

Sigaretus subglobosus. Pl. III. f 36, 37

Sigaretus testâ subglobosâ, anfractibus quatuor, spiraliter concinnè sulcatis; long. 0.9, lat. 0.8, alt. 0.55, poll.

This is the most concave spacing of Adanson's Sigaretus though I have never seen

The spiral grooves & intermediate ridges are very nearly equal in general, though sometimes rather irregular. This is the most concave species of Adanson's Sigaretus that I have ever seen, the position of its aperture being much less inclined to the longitudinal axis than it is even in the S. concavus, Lam., a recent species common at Valparaiso.

Navidad, Chile; and Ypun Island, Chonos Archipelago.

(22)

Natica punuila. Pl. III. f 38

Natica testâ ovato-subglobosâ, glabrâ, anfractibus quatuor, umbilico magno, patulo.

A single individual of this small species, which appears as far as I can judge to be distinct from any of the recent species, occurs in the same sort of rock, namely, a very hard and very dark olive green sandstone, with the last following species. The difficulty of detaching the stone from the shells has prevented me from ascertaining with certainty whether or not /over

(23

there be an umbilical callus.

Chiloe, eastern coast.

(19 (24)

Chiloe, East coast

Natica striolata. Pl. III. f 39

Natica testâ depressiusculo-subglobosâ, crassiusculâ, glabrâ, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ultimo maximo, spiralitèr substriato, striis subdistantibus; callo umbilicali magno, umbilicum omninò obtegente, ad labium internum incrassatum anticè conjuncto.

This species resembles Swainsons Natica melastoma in general form, as well as in the umbilical callus: it is however rather more circular and the umbilical callus is rounder. Judging from the apparent general form, I had at first sight, when I only saw the upper surface, taken it for Sigaretus concavus, which it also resembles; and I was not undeceived until by clearing away the stone I discovered the umbilical callus. There are two specimens of this species.

Chiloe, eastern coast.

Chiloe, eastern coast.

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Navedad Chili.

Natica solida. Pl. III. f 40, 41

Natica testâ subglobosâ, crassâ, lævi, spirâ brevi, anfractibus quinque, suturâ subinconspicuâ, aperturâ ovali, labio columellari posticè crassissimo, umbilico mediocri, callo parvo: long. 1.8, lat. 1.5, poll.

This most nearly resembles a very common recent species, which has generally been confounded with N. mamilla, but which I have lately received from D'Orbigny under the name of N. Uber of Valenciennes /over

(26)

it may be distinguished from that species by the being almost destitute of the umbilical callosity. The only specimen is very much worn, particularly about the spire, so that the true character of the suture is only discernible in one part, and the general appearance of the specimens conveys the deceptive notion of a deep and broad channelled suture.)

(Several specimens of a natica, at closely resembling, but possibly distinct from this species, were procured at Santa Cruz; they are in a much disguised state, and only a small portion of the shell itself remains, particularly of the outer coats about the suture, which consequently appears very deep & distinct, whereas when well preserved the suture is scarcely distinguishable; M. d'Orbigny considers the S. Cruz species as certainly distinct.

Navidad, Chile; S. Cruz, Patagonia?

(27)

Port St. Julian, Patagonia

Scalaria rugulosa nobis. Pl. III. f 42 & 43

Scalaria testâ acuminato-pyramidali, crassiusculâ, omninò rugulosâ, varicibus numerosis, crassis rotundatis; interstitiis spiraliter obsoletè sulcatis: long. lat.

Volutions about eleven or twelve, increasing very gradually in size; with 14 or 15 rounded and thickish varices on each.

San Julian, Patagonia.

(28)

Trochus collaris Pl. III. f 44, 45.

Trochus testâ conicâ, lævi, anfractibus subæqualibus, tenuissimè transversim striatis, posticè propè suturas tuberculis minutis seriatim cinctis, infra subconvexis, spiraliter tenuiter striatis; aperturæ angulo externo acuto: long. 0.45, lat. 0.55, poll.

A very small portion of the outer surface remains, the inner coat is wholly covered with a yellowish green and reddish iridescence. Umbilicus as far as I can judge the same as in the following species, Tr. lævis. This may possibly be only a young shell of that species, (& is so considered by M. d'Orbigny) as it is only distinguished by a row of very small tubercules placed immediately under the suture, which may have existed in that species when young; and it must be observed that the first volutions are broken from both the specimens of Tr. lævis.

Navidad, Chile, S. Cruz, Patagonia.

(32) (29)

Navedad, Chili

Trochus lævis. Pl. III. f 46, 47

Trochus testâ conicâ, lævi, anfractibus subæqualibus, posticè turgidiusculis, anticè tenuissimè transversim striatis, infra subconcavis, spiraliter tenuiter striatis; aperturâ rhomboideâ, angulo externo acuto; umbilico mediocri, intùs lævissimo, labio interno subincrassato; long. 1.3, lat. 2., poll.

The remains of the pearly inner coats are beautifully iridescent in this species; the outer surface is dull.

(Navidad, Chile.)

Navedad, Chili

(30

Port Desire & no. 632 also Navedad

Turritella Patagonica. Pl. IV III. f 48.

Turritella testâ elongato-conicâ, anfractibus decem, 3 ad 4 costatis, costis, intermediâ anticâque subobsoletâ minoribus, posticâ sub-acutâ, subgranosâ majori, tertiâ carinam efformante; suturâ indistinctâ.

This Another Turritella which is probably only a variety of T. cingulata, and it which more closely resembles this species, even than the following ones, inasmuch as its /over

(31

volutions increase in size more rapidly than in either the T. Chilensis or T. ambulacrum. In some respects this resembles T. carinifera of Deshayes; it is not however nearly so long in proportion to its width. I have adopted a name suggested by D'Orbigny.

Port Desire, Patagonia; and fragments at Navidad, Chile.

(32

St Cruz, Patagonia

Trochus ambulacrum. Pl. III. f 49

Turritella testâ elongato turritâ, anfractibus decem, spiraliter tricostatis, posteriorum costis œqualibus, anteriorum costâ anticâ posticâque majoribus, intermediâ minori: suturâ in sulcum profundum positâ.

A very remarkable species, which somewhat resembles a (turn over)

(33

recent one in my possession; the two may however be easily distinguished. In the recent species the two spiral ridges are much nearer to each other than they are in the fossil; and the spiral groove at the suture is much deeper and narrower in the fossil than in the recent.

Santa Cruz & S. Julian, Patagonia

(34

Huafo & Mocha

Turritella Chilensis Pl. IV. f 51

Turritella testâ elongato-turritâ, anfractibus decem, ventricosis, spiraliter tricostatis, costis granulosis, intermediâ majori, suturâ in sulcum positâ.

Nearly related to Turritella cingulata (Sowb. Tank. Cat.); it is even questionable whether it might not be regarded as a variety of that species, along with T. Patagonica & T. ambulacrum. In deference to the opinion of D'Orbigny, who has suggested the name, I have been induced to describe it. The principal differences between this and T. cingulata are, the form of the volutions, which in this are ventricose; the absence of narrow intermediate ridges; & the greater depth of the groove in which the suture is placed. From T. ambulacrum it differs principally in the circumstance of the central rib being the most prominent, while in T. ambulacrum it is the least prominent. The ribs in the latter species are are but slightly granose, and the groove at the suture is deeper.

Huafo & Mocha islands, Coast of Chile.

(35)

Turritella suturalis also T. araucana. Pl. III. f 48 50.

Turritella testâ turritâ, tenuiter transversim striatâ, anfractibus 9-10, suturâ validâ divisis, anticè posticèque tumidiusculis, posticè eminentiore.

Fragments alone can be separated from the hard stone in which they are imbedded; it has therefore been impossible to give the proportions.

Navidad, Chile; and Ypun island, Chonos Archipelago.

(22 (36

Huafo

Pleurotoma subæqualis — Pl. IV. f 52.

Pleurotoma testâ oblongâ, turritâ, utrâque extremitate acuminatâ, anticâ breviori; anfractibus senis, medio cariniferis, carinâ tuberculiferâ; ultimo anfractu carinis quinque, posticali tuberculiferâ: long. 0.6; lat. 0.25.

The species which most nearly resembles this is an undescribed recent species from S. America: this fossil species differs however from the recent one in the position of the notch in the outer lip, which in the fossil corresponds with the posterior tuberculiferous carina, while in the recent one the notch is placed half way between the posterior tuberculiferous carina and the suture. There are other marks of difference, but this may be considered sufficient, as being forming at once a distinct criterion.

Huafo Island, coast of Chile.

(37

Pleurotoma Turbinelliodes. Pl. IV. f 53

Pleurot. testâ oblongâ, subventricosâ, transversim tenuissimé muricato-striatâ, anfractibus quinis, ventricosis, infra mediam tuberculatis, tuberculis acuminatis, ultimo anticè lineis quatuor vel quinque obsoletè tuberculatis; canali brevi: long. 1.35; lat. 0.82, poll.

Very different from any other known Pleurotoma, either recent or fossil; but most nearly allied, in shape particularly, to the recent species named Pl. imperialis by Lamarck.

Navidad, Chile.

(31 (38)

Navedad, Chili.

Pleurotoma discors.— Pl. IV. f 54

Pleurot. testâ fusiformi-turritâ, spirâ acuminatâ, anfractibus octo, posticè tenuissimè transversim striatis, medio tuberculatis, ultimo anticè striis crassis subtuberculatis instructo; canali elongato, tenuiter transversim striato; columellâ rectâ: long. 1.8; lat. 0 62, poll.

A species which appears to be nearly related to Pl. catenata, Lam. Desh. II. t. 62, f. 11, 12, 13 (a fossil of the Paris Basin), and which may perhaps be merely a variety of that species. In stature and general characters it resembles it very closely; its striæ are however very different.

Navidad, Chile.

(32 (39)

Navedad, Chili.

Fusus regularis? Sowerby Pl. IV. f 55

[in margin:] Rom:

A single very imperfect specimen which may probably be a variety of this species. It is not sufficiently complete to allow of its being decided, or of its characters being given. It is not even certain that it belongs to the genus. M. d'Orbigny considers it as a distinct species.

Navidad, Chile.

(40)

Fusus pyruliformis. Pl. IV. f 56

Fusus testâ, turbinatâ, anticè spiraliter sulcatâ, spirâ subdepresso-conicâ, rudi; anfractibus 3-4, medio tuberculatis, tuberculis transversim sulcatis, in costas subdecurrentibus; canali elongato, transversim sulcato.

This somewhat resembles the Triton Clavator, Lam. (a recent species), in form; its spire is however more elevated, and its canal shorter in proportion. I judge it to be a Fusus from the general external appearance, but cannot be quite certain, for the stone about the mouth is so much indurated that it cannot be cleared away.

Navidad, Chile.

(34 (41)

Navedad, Chili.

Fusus subreflexus Pl. IV. f 57

Fusus testâ fusiformi-turritâ, transversim striatâ, striis irregularibus, anfractibus novem, medio tuberculatis, propè suturas subadpressis; canali mediocri subreflexo: long. 2.1, lat. 1. poll.

The shell to which this bears the greatest resemblance is a fossil named Fasciolaria Burdigalensis, Defr. by De Basterot in the Memoires de la Soc. d'hist. Nat. de Paris; in our shell there is, however, no appearance of oblique folds on the anterior part of the columella, consequently it is generically distinct; while in other respects it is sufficiently different, as may be seen by comparison. Its spire is longer in proportion to the last volution, and its canal shorter.

Navidad, Chile.

(6 (42)

Port St. Julian, Patagonia.

Fusus Noachinus nobis. Pl. IV. f 58 and 59

Testa Fusus, testâ ovato-fusiformi, utrâque subacuminatâ, æquali, anfractibus quinque spiraliter sulcatis, sulcis plerumque seriatim pertusis; posticis longitudinaliter obtusè costatis; canali mediocri, subascendente; suturâ distinctâ. long.    lat.

A species which bears some resemblance to Fusus Noæ, Lam. still it is not nearly related to that species. In shape it resembles F. lamellosus, to which it is really related, but it is quite destitute of the lamellar varices, so that it may easily be distinguished.

San Julian, Patagonia.

(43

Fusus patagonicus nob Pl. IV. f 60

F. testâ ovato-oblongâ, tenuiusculâ, multifariam varicosâ, anfractibus posticè angulatis; varicibus lamelliformibus, anticè deflexis, posticè acuminatis, interstitiis transversim sulcatis; aperturâ subcirculari, canali breviusculo, umbilico valido.

Nearly related to Fusus lamellosus & F. Magellanicus, and apparently connecting the two. M. d'Orbigny admits

(35 (44)

Navedad, Chili.

Pyrula distans. Pl. IV. f 61

Pyrula testâ ficiformi, tenuiusculâ, spirâ brevissimâ obtusâ, anfractibus quatuor, ultimo maximo, decussatim striato, et carinato, carinis 11-12, distantibus, nonnullis interstitialibus minùs elevatis: long. 1.8; lat. 1.2, poll.

A very elegant species of true Pyrula, somewhat resembling P. nexilis (a tertiary fossil) in general appearance, but differing from that species in its proportions, being much wider in comparison with its length, and having a much shorter spire.

Navidad, Chile.

(11 (45)

St. Cruz, Patagonia

Struthiolaria ornata. Pl. IV. f 62

Struthiolaria testâ ovatâ, apice acuminato, anfractibus senis, spiraliter striatis, propè suturam canaliculatis, lonitudinaliter costatis, costis obtusis, antico costis duabus spiralibus, elevatis, anté mediam positis; suturâ profundâ; long. 0.7; lat. 0.45, poll.

This is the only fossil species of this rare genus I have ever seen. Casts of a large variety are found in a loose clayey sandstone at Port S. Julian. Patagonia

Santa Cruz and S. Julian, Patagonia.

(46

Navedad, Chili.

Triton verruculosus Pl. IV. f 63

Triton testâ ovato-conicâ, transversim tenuiter striatâ, anfractibus senis, posticis serie unicâ medianâ tuberculorum cinctis, ultimo costis tribus subobsoletis tuberculiferis, tuberculis costæ posticæ majoribus, reliquiarum obsoletis: varicibus validis, trituberculiferis: long. 1.6; lat. 1.05, poll.

This may be distinguished from Triton leucostoma (Ranella leucostoma, Lam.), to which recent species it is most nearly related, by the paucity of tubercles forming the posterior row, as well as by the strongly tuberculated varices, and by its being destitute of the pits which are so distinct behind the varices in that species.

Navidad, Chile.

(23 (47)

Huafo

[pencil note:] Mr Sowerby nothing to ddo with Huafo

think it genus of Fusus Cleryanus (leocustomoides)

Triton leucostomoides Pl. IV. f 64

Triton testâ ovato-oblongâ, spirâ obtusâ; anfractibus senis, subventricosis spiraliter sulcatis, et longitudinaliter costatis; varicibus sub-irregularibus, rotundatis, transversim sulcatis: long.   lat.

This species resembles Triton leucostoma (Ranella leucostoma, Lam.) more nearly than any other species; it differs, however, in the following particulars, viz., in its general form; which is more oblong; in its longitudinal ribs, which are smaller and more numerous, and extend nearly the whole length of each volution; whereas in T. Leucostoma, they are little more than elongated tubercles near the middle of the whorls.

(Huafo Island, coast of Chile)

Huafo

(35 (48)

Navedad, Chili.

Cassis monilifer Pl. IV. f 65

Cassis testâ subglobosâ, transversim tenuiter striatâ, spirâ elevatiusculâ; anfractibus senis, ultimo gibboso, serie unicâ tuber-

[page] 261

culorum posticè instructo; labio externo tenuiusculo, reflexo, intùs lævi; labio columellari expanso, lævi: long, 1.5; lat. 1.1, poll.

A second row of small tubercles may be observed occasionally. I know of no species to which this is nearly related.

Navidad, Chile.

Navedad, Chili.

(49

Monoceros ambiguous Pl. IV. f 66, 67.

M. testâ subglobosâ, crassiusculâ, læviusculâ, spiraliter obsoleté costellatâ, aperturâ magnâ, labio externo intùs incrassato, umbilico parvo, angusto.

A single specimen in very bad condition; considered by M. d'Orbigny as closely related to, but not identical with, the M. crassilabrum of Lamarck.

Coquimbo, Chile.

(28 (p. 50)

Navedad, Chili.

Gastridium. x Novum Genus.

I have thought it necessary to designate this singular Shell by a new generic name, because its characters are such as will not permit its union with any hitherto established genus. The Shells to which it appears to be most nearly allied have hitherto been arranged with Buccinum, Eburna, and Fusus. Such as is the Bucc. plumbeum of Chemnitz (which Gray Swainson has designated by the generic name of Pseudoliva*) and which, to avoid the necessity of adding to the number of generic names, I had united to the Eburnæ. Such also are two fossil shells described and figured by Deshayes* under the names of Buccinum Tiara and B. fissuratum. One other shell resembles this somewhat in form, but in other respects is very different, and this has been placed with the Buccina in Wood's Suppt., and with the Fusi by Gray. The characters by which this new genus may be known and distinguished from its allied genera are as follows:—

Testa ventricosa, subglobosa, spirâ brevi, anfractibus posticè ad suturas adpressis; aperturâ magnâ, ovali; canali postico angusto; antico lato, reflexo; labio externo posticè incrassato, anticè tenuiore, dente brevi, sulco dorsali idoneo, propè anticam partem posito; labio columellari incrassato,

from αςτριδιον, ventriculus.

Deshayes Coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris, tom. ii. pp. 655, 656.

* see overleaf / over

(p 51

incrassato, expanso, posticè apud canalem crassiore.

Gastridium Cepa Pl. IV. f 68, 69

Gastr. testâ cepæformi, lævigatâ, anticè spiralitèr sulcatâ, labii externi margine antico crenato: long. 2.3; lat. 1.7, poll.

Navidad, Chile.

* This name of Pseudoliva, by which Swainson has designated the Buccinum plumbeum of Gray Chemnitz, and which has been adopted by Gray, is evidently untenable and absurd, because employed to describe an imaginary affinity to Oliva, which does not exist. To Eburna and Buccinum, Lam., the genus is nearly related.

(52

Terebra costellata Pl. IV. f 70, 71

Terebra testâ turritâ, læviusculâ, anfractibus medio tumidiusculis, posticè linea impressâ obsoletâ notatis, costellis numerosis longitudinalibus, elevatis; aperturâ columellâque lævibus.

The number of volutions and the proportions cannot be given, for there is only a single fragment of this species.

Navidad, Chile.

(39 (53)

Navedad, Chili

Terebra undulifera. Pl. IV. f 72, 73

Terebra testâ elongato-turritâ, læviusculâ, lineolis undulatis longitudinalibus confertis, posticis fortioribus, tectâ; anfractibus plurimis, posticè tumidiusculis, lineâ impressâ subobsoletâ, medio subconcavis; aperturâ subrhomboideâ, columellâ lævi.

There are only two fragments of this species, it is obviously impossible to ascertain the number of volutions or the proportions.

Navidad, Chile.

Navedad, Chili

[53v]

Pectunculus dispar Draf

Des Hayes

see specimen for reference

(29 (p 54)

Navedad, Chili

X (transpose) Voluta alta Pl. IV. f 75

Voluta testâ elongato-oblongâ, spirâ attenuatâ, anfractibus senis gracilibus, spiraliter confertim striatis, propè suturas adpressis, deinde subventricosis; aperturâ oblongâ, labio externo crassiori, subreflexo; columellâ lævi, plicis duabus acutiusculis, perobliquis; long. 7.5, lat. 2.75, poll. circa.

There is only one specimen of this very remarkable shell, of which the anterior part is so imperfect, that no part of the inner lip or of the canal is to be seen, consequently the proportions given above may be liable to a slight error. The species is nearer to V. Magellanica, than to any other known species; it may, however, easily be distinguished from that species by the characters above stated. At Santa Cruz, there are two casts, apparently belonging to this species, but considered by M. d'Orbigny as different.

Navidad, Chile; S. Cruz, Patagonia (?)

Navedad, Chili

x Voluta triplicata Pl. IV. f 74

Voluta testâ elongato-oblongâ spirâ attenuatâ anfractibus senis, spiraliter confertim striatis, ad suturas adpressis, deinde tuberculatis, tuberculis in costas anticè decurrentibus; aperturâ oblongâ, longitudinem spiræ æquante; columellâ triplicatâ, plicis obliquis, subæqualibus: long. 2.25; lat. 0.9 poll.

This species is placed among the Volutes, because the posterior or upper folds on the columella are rather smaller than the anterior; it nearly resembles in general appearance the fossil Volutæ, muricina, Lam., and angusta Desh: /over

(p 55

though easily distinguishable from both, by the circumstance of the three folds on the columella being very nearly equal in our species, whereas in the two above-mentioned the posterior folds are more numerous and all very much smaller than the anterior: moreover, the posterior part of the volutions is not adpressed in either of those species, and the proportions are also different.

Navidad, Chile.

(30 (56)

Navedad, Chili.

Oliva dimidiata Pl. IV. f 76, 77.

Oliva testâ oblongo-ovatâ, spirâ acuminatâ, apice obtuso; anfractibus senis, ultimo lineâ tenuissimâ transversim dimidiato; columellâ anticè plicis quinque obliquis, posticâ majori; long. 0.9, lat. 0.37, poll.

This species varies in its proportions; it differs from all other recent or fossil species with which I am acquainted, in the remarkable circumstance of its having a broad band of enamel covering the anterior half of the last volution above or behind the columellar band, which is distinguished from the posterior part of the volution by a very fine line, behind which may be seen the longitudinal lines of growth, these lines being hidden on the anterior part by this last covering of enamel. This species bears a general resemblance to O. ispidula, a common recent species.

(Navidad, Chile)

(57

Navedad, Chili

Dentalium giganteum. Pl. II. f I

Dentalium testâ tereti, rectiusculâ, sulcis longitudinalibus numerosis, interstitiis rotundatis; long. 3.2, lat. 0.5, poll.

This species appears occasionally to grow to a very large size, for one fragment that is one inch and a third in length, is half an inch in width at its smaller extremity, and six-tenths of an inch at its larger; while in its thickest part the shell itself is 0.13 of an inch thick.

(Navidad, Chile) (turn over)

(58)

Navedad, Chili.

Dentalium sulcosum. Pl. II. f 2.

Dentalium testâ tereti, rectiusculâ, costellis longitudinalibus, elevatiusculis, subdistantibus 14, interstitiis planulatis.

The proportions cannot be given; for there is only one fragment, which has been broken & the two pieces conferruminated by the sandstone in which it occurs.

Navidad, Chile.

(59

Huafo

Dentalium giganteum. majus Pl. II. f 3.

Dentalium testâ teriti, rectiusculâ, costis longitudinalibus 24, alternis majoribus, interstitiis rotundatis.

The proportions of this species cannot be given, because there are only some fragments; it appears to be one of the larger species of the genus, probably reaching the dimensions of D. sexangulare of Deshayes, tab. 3, fig. 4. it differs from that species in the circumstance of its never having only six angles; and it differs from D. elephantinum of Deshayes (which I have elsewhere proved not to be the D. elephantinum of Linnæus) in Pleurotoma being less rapidly attenuated, and in being straighter.

Huafo Island, coast of Chile.

(7 (p 60

1 Balanus varians Pl. II. f 4, 5, 6.

 

Balanus testâ polymorphâ, valvis plerumque lævibus, nonnunquam radiatim obtusâ costatis, apicibus subacuminatis; valvâ basali modò concavâ, modò cyathiformi, basi acuminatâ.

This is a very remarkable species as well as a very variable species. Its parietal valves are sometimes smooth, only showing the lines of growth, and sometimes covered with obtuse radiating ribs; and the species belongs to that section of the genus which has acuminated and solid parietal valves. But the most variable part, in form, is the basal valve. It is to be observed that in most, if not in all, the species of this genus which have been brought from the Southern hemisphere, it is the base that becomes tubular whenever any accidental circumstance causes the shell to be elongated; whereas in the elongated and clavate varieties of our common species, it is the parietal valves that are lengthened and not the basal. Thus, with respect to the present species, we find that when any number of individuals are placed close together when very young, as they increase they form a group, of which the basal valves grow up side by side and become tubular, without the parietal /over

(60

valves changing in form; hence in some specimens this valve is concave in consequence of its having been placed upon a convex substance, and at a distance from each other; while in others, which have been placed very closely together when very young, this basal valve has taken a more or less deep cup shape, being very small at its lower extremity and increasing in dimensions with age.

San Julian, Patagonia.

Balanus Coquimbensis. PL II. fig 7.

Description will be sent

Coquimbo, Chile

(61

italic {Balanus testâ polymorphâ, valvis plerumque lævibus, nonnunquam radiatum striatus, lateralibus posticis angustioribus; aperturâ parvula apicibus subtruncatis; aperturâ parvula.

A remarkable fact &c is

(61A)

[in margin:] Romanes

observable in both these specimens, I have selected that belonging to the present intermediate bed as showing it most distinctly. In consequence of numerous individuals being closely grouped together, each one has been compelled to lengthen the basal valve, so as to form a nearly cylindrical tube, closed at the lower part, and gradually increasing as it ascends until it joins the base of the six parietal valves: this increase in the length of the base seems to have taken place more rapidly than the growth of the animal would permit, it has therefore filled up a portion of the lower part of this basal tube has, therefore, been filled up with cells or vesicles separated by calcareous septa, very irregular indeed, but which would, nevertheless, answer the purpose of supporting the base of the animal in the tube, so as to enable the animal to continue its vital functions.

Coquimbo, Chile.

[pencil note:] To be described as Balanus Coquimbensis