[1]

(Ch. 4)

I consider species to be forms which together in same country have kept, as far as our knowledge goes, distinct — In unisexual animals this implies they do not breed together, which thus becomes important quite irrespective of fertility of their offspring, if such they cd produce.— so far

Breeding is an important element.—

The unisexuality more general than suspected. In many cases, can only judge that they do not blend, by not finding intermediate variations & there is ultimate ratio (a) of species in same country.— We must except slight sudden changes of white and red flowers & "variations" as hairiness when we judge by analogy or experiment.—

When forms do not inhabit same country we judge solely by analogy of recent forms in other countries.—

Experiment sometimes shows two forms are same species when all other evidence

[1v]

(a) How often several species run into one, so universally admitted, when intermediate varieties formed.─

No absolute rule for species, obvious from sexes making distinct genera & orders, so often.─

 

28 18 32 [illeg] not say character

[illeg] generally more ribbed on lower half of scate ­orchard acre generally less produced

Built corner to length

[illeg] amelia mang basically more closely curved almost completely

scate more produced owing to nearing of orchard are high up

colour size

(2

fails— but my theory does the same for all species — so that in unexperimented cases, we may safely call all species tested by absence of intermediate forms, & analogy.— When we judge by experiment, we first introduce theory, for then we include descent in our definition

The former rules are the practical ones, by which naturalists work;— no one, who has worked, but will agree that he does not trouble himself about descent.—

Premise this, by saying we will not give theoretical definition

[2v]

[in margin:] The practical rule (but not theoretical part) The is almost equally applicable to domestic race, as shown by their Keeping true.—

of species but rule by which naturalists go when at work.—

(Decr. 1848)

Ultimate Ration "Absence of intermediate forms", (carried on by Analogy in same class.)— To describe species requires the acutest observation, memory & judgment — No one till he has tryed can know how defective an instrument the eye is & how long he must look to see all — it is easy to smile at species Describers