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Sillimans J vol. 30.

p. 81 The Rev. J. Bachman on the migration of birds of N. America.

p. 86 says that some birds only migrate from one part of the Union to the other: some partially migrate. Some of the Northern birds make Carolina their southern limit, & some of the southern birds make it their northern limit.

p 88 shews that when some species migrate they are replaced by others with analogous habits, (So A. Smith Zoology of Swallow Replacing Swallow) thus gannets & rails by gallinules, & finches by finches. (This is important as shewing how little food has to do with migration. Andrew Smith says same thing regarding animals quadrupeds of Cape

p. 89 Many birds make partial migrations in great numbers when pressed by hunger. This is the case with the Virginian partridge & wild turkey which even cross rivers, although not able to fly over them.

p. 90 great changes appear to be taking place in the distrib: of N. American birds. The W. Indian tubular flowers transplanted into Florida are beginning to attract some species of humming birds from the South. some species of troglodites are now abundant in the northern States altho' unknown in the days of Wilson, they have extended their summer migrations as far N. as Boston. The Hirundo lunifrons first a Mexican species first seen on the Ohio in 1815 now in (Q) 1836 extends to Canada. many similar & very good facts are given p. 90 & 91 even species of Pelidua are now become common which were formerly unknown near Charles town. (These facts admirable as shewing the disturbance created by man.

p. 92 The Alleghany Mts afford great path for migration & likewise the courses of some rivers. In their migrations some

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Birds never leave the Alleghany Mts. Those birds only that breed in the Arctic circle visit both continents. Few or no birds migrate across the Atlantic.

p 96. (Q)  At the proper season a pinioned snow─ & Canada geese became very restless & these as well as some smaller birds brought up in domestication & put perfectly tame to the 2 geese when let loose immediately proceeded Northwards. N.B. compare this with Negros in America immediately walking to rising Sun. (This restlessness like Broderips beavers dragging things to corner of room.

p 97 For migration the young of most species flock together. Some species go singly, some in straggling flock & some compact, some move slowly as if merely urged by cold & want of food, some rapidly, some flit along the earths surface, some mount high. They all seem excellent judges of the weather. (A saxicola sialis built its nest for 10 successive years in the same box. a muscicapa fusca revisited the same cave 9 years a robin (turdus?) bred a longer time in the same apple tree The falco borealis built of kept possession during 12 winters of the same nest (I mention these facts to shew length of birds life).

p. 98. Before migration the scolopax minor every evening flies into clouds & descends to same spot in zigzag lines, some birds keep uttering their cry in their nocturnal migration whilst many others glide silently on.

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