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Naturalised Plants 1s Editon

A list of Introduced & Naturalised Plants from Dr A. Gray's Manual of the Botany of U. States from N. England to Wisconsin, & S. to Ohio & Pennsyl. inclusive. 1848.— Some plants are marked as "naturalised & indigenous": These are not here included. Nor are those which are marked "indigenous (?)," as this seems to show that Dr G. leaning in to the indigenous side. Dr. G. makes no distinction in Preface between "introduced" & "naturalised."

Ranunculus sceleratus — "introduced from Europe?"

⎯ bulbosus introd. from do. very abundant

⎯ acris introd. from do

Helleborus viridis naturalised

Berberis vulgaris thoroughly naturalised

Papaver somniferum Escaped from London

⎯ dubium Introd. around Winchester

Argemone Mexicanum Waste Places, escaped from Gardens

Fumaria officinalis "do. about dwellings; introduced"

Nasturtium officinale Escaped from cultivation

Barbarea vulgaris Probably introduced

Erysimum cheiranthoides Thoroughily nat.

Sisymbrium officinale Introd.

⎯ Thalianum Probably Introd.

Sinapis alba Cultivated, sometimes spontaneous in old fields

⎯ arvensis Thoroughily nat.

⎯ nigra Fields, waste places partly nat.

Cochlearia armoracia Escaped from Gardens, scarcely naturalised

Camelina sativa Imported

Capsella Bursa-pastoris The commonest of weeds; introd.—

Raphanus raphanistrum Too thoroughily nat.

Reseda luteola Escaped from Gardens.

Viola tricolor Doubtless introduced

Hypericum perforatum Introd. from Europe, but thoroughily nat.

Dianthus armeria Nat. in E. Massachusetts

Saponaria officinalis Nat. in waste places

⎯ vaccaria Escaped from Gardens in waste places near Dwellings

 

[Boxed in margin:]

Nat. = naturalised
Introd. = introduced
Cult. = cultivated

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Silene inflata Fields, Road-sides Nat. round Boston

⎯ armeria Escaped from Gardens to waste places

⎯ nocturna Introd. & sparingly nat. in Penn.

⎯ noctiflora Cultivated grounds, nat.

Lychnis githago Grain-fields introduced, too well known to Farm

Arenaria serpyllifolia Introd.

Stellaria media Fields & around dwellings, a most common weed from Europe

Cerastium vulgatum Waste Places, introd.

⎯ viscosum Possibly native, as well as introduced

Spergula arvensis Grain fields & waste places, introd.

Scleranthus annuus Waste places & sandy fields introd.

Portulaca oleracæa Cultivated grounds, introd.

Abutilon avicennæ Escaped from gardens, nat.

Malva rotundifolia Everywhere introd.

⎯ sylvestris Partially nat.

Althæa officinalis Nat. in N. England & N. York

Hibiscus trionum Escaped from Gardens, but scarcely naturalised

Linum usitatissimum Sparingly escaped from cultivation.

Geranium dissectum Waste places introd., if really in the country.

⎯ pusillum do introd., New York

Erodium cicutarium Introd. N. York

Æsculus Hippocastanum Almost Nat.

Rhamnus catharticus Nat. in some places

Vicia sativa Nat. round New Y.

⎯ hirsuta Nat.

Trifolium arvense Old fields nat.

⎯ pratense Cultivated & Nat.

⎯ medium Nat. in Massas

⎯ agrarium Introd.

⎯ procumbens Nat.

Melilotus officinalis Waste Places, introd.

X ⎯ leucantha Koch "with last species" (I presume, introd. C. Darwin.)

Medicago sativa Beginning to be Nat.

⎯ lupulina Nat.

Genista tinctoria Thoroughly Nat. in Mass. Slightly Nat. in New

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Prunus spinosa Sparingly Nat.

⎯ [illeg]

⎯ institia do.

Rosa rubiginosa Extensively Nat.

Cratægus oxycantha More or less Nat.

Sedum telephium Straying from Gardens, & nat. in few places

Daucus carota Nat. in fields

Pastinaca sativa Escaped from cult & nat.

Æthusa cynapium About cult. grounds, nat.

Bupleurum rotundifolium Escaped from gardens sparingly nat.

Galium verum Introd.

Fedia olitoria Introd.

Dipsacus sylvestris Nat. by road sides

Inula Helenium Road-sides Introd.

Xanthium spinosum Waste places, introd. & nat. along sea-board

Helianthus tuberosus Nat. in fence-rows & around Gardens

Maruta cotula a very common Nat. weed by Road sides

Anthemis arvensis Introd. & sparingly nat.

Achillea Ptarmica Nat. in some places.

Leucanthemum vulgare Nat. in fields too extensively.

Tanacetum vulgare Cult. & Nat.

Artemisia vulgaris Waste places introd.

⎯ absinthium Road-sides, sparingly nat. escaped from gardens

Filago Germanica Introd.

Senecio vulgaris do.

Centaurea cyanus Road sides, escaped from Gardens.

⎯ nigra Nat. in E. New England

Cricus benedictus Scarcely nat.

Cirsium lanceolatum Everywhere introd.

⎯ arvense Nat., most troublesome.

Onopordum acanthium Road sides Nat. in N. England

Lampsana communis do. sparingly introd., scarcely nat.

Cichorium intybus Road-sides Nat. in Atlantic States

Leontodon autumnale Thoroughily Nat.

Sonchus oleraceous Waste Places introduced

X ⎯ asper Vill. Waste Places like the last [I do not understand whether introduced

⎯ arvensis — Introd. & sparingly nat.

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Plantago major Common Doubtless brought from Europe

⎯ lanceolata common, do.

Anagallis arvensis Introd.

Martynia proboscidea Escaped from garden & becoming nat.

Verbascum Thapsus Fields & Road-sides, very common, introd.

⎯ blattaria do do do

⎯ Lychnitis do Rare do

Linaria elatine sparingly introd.

Veronica serpyllifolia peregrina common, introd.

⎯ arvensis do. do.

⎯ agrestis do.

⎯ hederæfolia sparingly nat.

Rhinanthus crista-galli introduced?

Verbena urticifolia introduced?

Mentha viridis Perfectly Nat.

⎯ piperita less nat. than last

⎯ arvensis sparingly nat.

Origanum vulgare do do

Nepeta cataria a very common nat. weed

⎯ glechoma Perfectly nat in waste places

Thymus serpyllum Escaped from cult., & sparingly nat.

Clinipodium vulgare Nat.

Melissa officinalis Escaped from gardens to road-sides in some pla

Lamium Amplexicaule Common introd.

Leonurus cardiaca Waste places Nat.

Galeopsis tetrahit do do rather common

⎯ ladanum Introduced not common

Stachys arvensis Sparingly Nat.

Marrubium vulgare Escaped from garden & nat. in many places

Ballota nigra Sparingly nat.

Phlomis tuberosa Nat. on shores of L. Ontario

Echium vulgare Introd. troublesome in Virginia

Lycopsis arvensis Sparingly nat.

Symphytum offinale do

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Lithospermum arvense Introd.

⎯ officinale do, sparingly nat.

Echinospermum Lappula Probably introd.

Cynoglossum officinale Introd. a troublesome weed

Convolvulus arvensis sparingly nat.

⎯ purpureus commonly cultivated & becoming spontaneous about gardens

Cuscuta epilinum sparingly introd.

Datura stramonium a well-Known introd. weed

Hyosciamus niger Introd. sparingly found by road-sides

Nicandra physalodes Sparingly nat.

Solanum dulcamara Nat.

⎯ nigrum Introduced?

Erythræa centaurium Nat., Oswego N. York

⎯ ramosissima Certainly introd., rare

Periploca Græca Introd. & sparingly nat. near Rochester

Ligustrum vulgare Nat.

Amboina Botrys Introduced?

⎯ ambrosioides do do ?

Blitum polymorphum Introd. E. New England & Northward

Agathophytum Bonus Hen. Sparingly nat.

Amaranthus Blitum Introd. frequently a troublesome weed in Gardens

⎯ deflexus Introd. suburbs of Albany

Polygonum aviculare do, Everywhere.—

⎯ convolvulus Common, Probably introduced

Fagopyrum esculentum Remaining as a weed, where has been cultivated.

Rumex obtusifolius Introd. a rather common weed

⎯ crispus do.

⎯ conglomeratus Sparingly introd.

Euphorbia Helioscopia Introd., rather scarce

⎯ platyphylla Doubtless introd.

⎯ peplus Introd.

⎯ esula Escaped from gardens & Nat. in Essex County

⎯ lathyris Nat. in a few places

Salix purpurea Introd. from Europe

⎯ viminalis do do

⎯ alba do

⎯ fragilis do

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Morus alba Nat. near Houses

Cannabis sativa Escaped from cult., or nat. near dwellings

Urtica dioica Introd. waste places about Houses

⎯ ureus do. & sparingly nat.

Asparagus officinalis Escaped from gardens & nat. on coast

Hemerocallis fulva do & sparingly nat.

Ornithogalum umbellatum Nat. near coast

Allium vineale Nat. & troublesome.—

Carex muricata Introduced?

⎯ lævigata Probably introd.

Alopecurus pratensis Introd. common

⎯ geniculatus Introduced?

Phleum pratense Nat.

Agrostis canina Nat. in E. New England

Eleusine Indica Yards &c., Introd.

Dactylis glomerata Fields & yards, do.

Briza media Nat. in Mass: & Penn:

Poa trivialis Nat. less common than next

⎯ pratensis Everywhere Nat.

⎯ compressa Introduced?

Eragrostis megastachya Nat.

Festuca ovina Introduced?

⎯ duriuscula Probably introduced

⎯ elatior Introd.

⎯ pratensis Nat. common.

Bromus Mollis Sparingly Nat.

Triticum repens Nat. & troublesome

⎯ caninum Introd. not rare

Lolium perenne Nat.

⎯ temulentum Scarcely nat.

Aira præcox Nat. in N. Jersey & Penn:

Arsenatherum avenaceum Introd. & nat. in some places.

Anthoxanthum odoratum Copiously nat.

Phalaris Canariensis Waste Places Nat. in New York

Panicum sanguinale Everywhere Nat.

[in margin:] Setaria verticillata Nat. near dwellings ⎯ Italica Sparingly nat. (37) Total nat

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Dr. A. Gray Manual of the Botany.

All the Dicot  Plants which are numbered. (including indigenous & introduced)

(only Phanerogamic Plants)

Dicot 532 genera 1431 species ie 2.68 species per genus

Monocots 157 ─ 573 [do] ie 3.65 (N.B. great number owing to Carex without Carex is 2.86)

Both together 689 2004 ie 2.90 species per genus

[do] with Carex omitted having 126 [do] is 687 1878 ie 2.72

with Salix also omitted the average 2.70

[table not transcribed]

Total species 2004 — less introduced = 1798

Britain for Cybele Brit

This shows that chance introduction of seed are important elements in the Flora of any countries.─

Watson, Hewett Cottrell. 1847-59. Cybele Britannica; or British plants, and their geographical relations. 4 vols. London. [Darwin Library in CUL. Abstracts in CUL-DAR46.2.B48; CUL-DAR46.2.B49; CUL-DAR46.2.B53; CUL-DAR71.112-115; CUL-DAR205.10.75.] See also CUL-DAR262.8.1-2