[D16]

At Glacial period, when Vaccinium &c got to top of W. Indian islds - land probably almost continuous, no for if so other & larger animals wd have existed on islds, & countries chiefly [illeg] S. America so the mammifers got on to islds, & Megatherium & Horse traversed America from N. to S. for now an isthmus seems hardly sufficient. At close of glacial epoch in N. America in Escholts Bay, mammifers had their American types. The musk ox in England probably did not come from N. America, but from common truly Polar land. Before glacial period. S. America probably distinct by isthmus of Panama. The community

 

[D16v]

of Marsupialia with N. Holland & of Edentata with Cape perhaps dates back to Eocene period. Mastodon in Australia.

Many there not be some connection between Marsupials going as far as Celebes & Australian plants on Summit of Mountains of Borneo?

In warmer times before glacial when Behring St was temperate, the connection between Japan & N. America chiefly in genera; & in N. America Families was effected.