(1

1881.

Dionæa

In slice of fresh leaf plenty of Ch. grains on both surfaces; they are more numerous on the glandular on upper surface; but often irregular & swollen & tending to aggregate

Now in epidermis, as far as I could see, but I did not make out how clearly any f epidermis on the glandular surface. I also examined the slices after alcohol & plenty of Ch. grain conspicuous.

N. B leaves, when old turn red on upper surface——

Half young & small leaf placed in sol. 7 to 1000 on 9th at 11˚ 30' & then irrigated with glycerine & examined on 10th at 9˚ a.m. 22˚ Not Numerous plates throughout whole thickness of blade, some yellow, orange, dark, brown, extremely pale perhaps smaller ch. grain & a few even greenish.— many had a dark central sphere surrounded by a definitely separated pale zone: central part had hard & cracked. There were some spheres, like ghosts so transparent, with particles, like starch matter & these I believe are immensely swollen Ch. grain; many of these

(2

Dionæa

were attached like 1/2 moons to the dark spheres & were evidently blending with them ─[Salines] 2 dark spheres surrounded by single pale zone.

There was also much very fine granular greenish matter, disintegrated grains — The spheres presented all grades of confluence. The spheres differ from those of Drosera only in colour.—

Looked at 2 other slices — not a single true grain of ch. but much greenish or almost colourless granular matter.— This makes the outer envelope of spheres. — Added alcohol & then glycerine & reexamined — not a true grain of Ch. — After Acetic acid I saw the spheres which I cannot doubt are enlarged Ch. grains. The zone round dark sphere rendered more transparent by the Acetic. A. (Oct. 11th the Acet. A. removed during night the transparent zones round dark spheres, but not the many colourless spheres in one slice with highly refractive particles in middle, but I must leave it doubtful whether these were immensely swollen Ch. grains.

(3

Dionæa

A young & small leaf placed in sol. of 4 to 1000 on Oct 8' 8˚ am & examined on 10th at 11˚ 15' a m. 27˚ — not nearly so much effect as in last spec.— In most cells brownish granular matter which is beginning to aggregate into oval & odd shapes & these F become more regular & transparent.— Endless gradation in this process cd be seen.— The cell-sap with protoplasm in epidermis cells first aggregate into brown balls— No zones of light coloured matter here surrounding spheres.— In several places true Ch. grains & green. — On midrib—ch. grain distinguishable, but more or less confluent & passing into spheres. It is clear that spheres formed by 2 process by the confluence of swollen Ch. grain, & by the disintegrating into granular matter which form extremely minute translucent spheres which aggregate— A third process by single swollen grain adhering to & blending with & surrounding brown spheres.

Oct 11' reexamined same slides all correct; except that only one group of brown spheres surrounded by very narrow transparent zone — Spheres of brown glandular matter now somewhat broken down.

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Oct 11. —

Dionæa

The other half of the same fresh leaf described p. 1. was placed left in sol of 7 to 1000 for 25 hrs & then examined.

(1) slice rather thick upp with some very fine greenish granular matter, & perhaps a few grains of Ch.; but after alcohol I could see no ordinary Ch grains; some of the small irregular spheres may be swollen grains — In the granular matter which was greenish & now brownish; no trace of Chl. grain. There were a good many particles elliptical & spherical, which are starch for they were coloured by iodine bright blue & had quite defined outline. Some of the spheres were also became blue, the same cells containing some spheres blue & some yellow & in all other respects identical; I attribute the former or blue ones in infinitely minute particles of starch disseminated in the agg: matter. The larger spheres after iodine were a bright orange. In one case round a particle I saw a ghost of a spherical rounded mass; the last remnant

(5

Dionæa

I believe, of a Chlo: grain: In another slice similar blue spheres; but in one (no 2) near margin of leaf, where must aggregated masses were all green green, there were no blue spheres.

Slice (2) near margin, full of most curious shaped green aggregated masses, like those in Drosera figured by Frank; some of these united by threads— In many of these elongated, oddly shaped masses smaller spheres were embedded— Not one gr. of chlorophyll Examined after soaking in alcohol.

Slice (3) like (2) & same remark, but rather more fine greenish granular matter

Slice (4) thicker slice, green granular matter, & many particles of starch— Blue spheres— it is doubtful whether there were any chloroform grains

This leaf after C. of Am. a wonderful contrast with the slice of the other half of same leaf with respect to the presence of Chlory grains

[5v]

Oct 12'

From what I have just seen with leaf of Tropæolum, I am inclined to suppose that many of the spheres in Dionæa were merely rounded grains of starch. At least those are such grain in Tropæolum.

By squashing the blue bal spheres in dionæa, this colour seemed to me to consist of excessively fine particles chiefly coating them. — Certainly no starch grains in the oddly aggregated green matter, in the thinner slices.—

(6) (A

December 8th

Dionæa — Plants from Kew

Leaf for 25˚ in sol. of 4 to 1000 — rather small leaf/— Contents of cells in large parts finely granular, & F. admits has a peculiar appearance not like smashed grains —in parts Ch. grain swollen & more or less aggregated into balls, but not very perfectly, & with dark red agg. matter in central parts.—

Looked at slices of 2 leaves leaf to which nothing had been done Ch. grain abound & fill in epidermis cells on upper glandular surface = when ch. grain have been broken down, none of granular appearance & F. agrees.

(Two leaves for 22˚- 23˚ in sol. of 7 to 1000— the smaller one look completely blackened,, due to vast number of dark agg. spheres— On lower surface balls often have rough appearance— In vascular bundle smooth due to agg. matter in cell-sap alone.— Cell-sap apparently colours the Ch. grains in the act of aggregation.— I cannot doubt, & F. hardly doubts that in the epidermis cells on upper surface, & vast masses of Ch.

(7 (B

Dionæa

grain have disappeared & gone to form the spheres. — F. agrees that the swollen spheres unite & blend together to form the larger spheres. — It is the cell-sap, which changes colour by C. of A. (as by maturity) & colours the aggregated masses

Dec. 9th —Leaf from Kew for 22˚ in 4 to 100 & then put into sol. of 7 to 1000 for about 24˚ — Parts of leaf blackened, (owing to dark brown aggregated masses) & have no ch. gr. In the still green parts the ch. gr. swollen & often more or less confluent forming odd shaped green masses, but not so odd as formerly described with here & there, though rarely a large green sphere or oval mass.— In other slices exactly same appearance — In another section, much brown granular matter, (apparently of same nature as the green granular matter ) not aggregated into spheres in the upper epidermis cells.

Leaf from Kew, kept in sol. 4 to 1000 for about 50˚ 48˚ still all green — not nearly so much aggregation as in last

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Dionæa

specimen. In upper epidermic cells innumerable brown Ch. grains & only a few much swollen. In other parts spheres formed by the agg. of the brown particles, & sometimes with clear halo round them, apparently due to the inflowing of the particles.— Some of the gr. Ch. gr, confluent, & forming narrow lines round cell-walls.—

I believe that there are Ch. gr. in lower epidermis cells, but not so clear as those in the upper ep. cells.—

(A very small leaf (own) in sol. of 7 to 1000 for 21˚, sliced by F. no ch. gr. visible in upper glandular epidermic cells & slices good— many dark brown & other yellow translucent spheres, with a little fine granular matter in some cells.— In exterior epidermis, several yellow translucent spheres with dark brown opake central spheres, consisting of granular matter & surface with minute radiating points. In another slice there was a central hyaline sphere, & this surrounded by a halo of brown granular matter & outer outside this yellow translucent matter. Such yellow matter filled some cells. Yellow translucent Ch. gr. clinged to & almost surrounded some brown balls, & by gradation it appeared that the dissolution of these Ch. grains give rise to the yellow translucent matter.

In this slice no free ch. gr. Even in section of mid-rib—

[in margin:] Perhaps active but small

(9

Dionæa

(A minute leaf kept for 19˚ in sol. of 7 to 1000

In most of the cells a very little fine granular greenish grain, much smaller than Ch. gr. Starch? (a) A very few Ch. gr. could be doubtfully seen. I believe there were none except in the thick section of midrib, where there were plenty of true green Ch. grains & here the C. of A. cd penetrate only either difficulty. This is good & starch evidence. —

In some cells in upper epidermic cells, with rather large moderately sized aggregated brown spheres & certainly no grains — In these slices very fine hyaline spheres— The spheres are so hard that they can be cracked like those of Drosera, as was clear by accidental pressure from microscope.— In lower epidermic cells dark brown spheres, surrounded by brown granular matter or by hyaline matter.

Dec. 10' Acetic A. had no quick or marked effect on the brown or yellow spheres

[9v]

(a) I think some little of the dine granular matter is starch; but I am not sure, as it was difficult to feel sure about the blue colour with such extremely minute particles

(10

Dec 10'

Dionæa

Slices taken off upper glandular surface of leaf had epidermic cells filled with countless perfect & rather large grains of Ch. — In a leaf which had some long time before caught insect the grains could be only obscurely seen, as there were many greenish aggregated masses, looking like a thick fluid, in many of the cells. — very small leaves best as they are easiest permeated by the A —

A slice of glandular surface of small own blackened leaf which had been 24˚ in 7 to 1000; the contrast of appearance was wonderful— No ch. grains cd be distinguished & F. looked at sections. The cells varied much in appearance; in some cell there were often 2 (& in one case 3) transparent yellow sphere, including 2 brown spheres on one.— In the case of 3 yellow spheres in same cell, only one contained brown balls. Yellow & brown spheres of all sizes. All sorts of

(11

Dionæa

stages of aggregation of brown spheres. Often 2 [sketch] partially united. Sometimes a dark brown sphere in centre of brighter brown one. — In some cells very fine brownish grains which cd be seen by gradation forming the brown spheres, with radiating points & clear lines in the glandular matter & with halo around them — Where granular brown matter, no yellow spheres. I cannot doubt that the endless Ch. gr. have melted into the yellow matter surrounding the brown spheres, or forming spheres by themselves— In another slice the brown balls surrounded by quite narrow border of yellow matter. In one cell alone traces of Ch. grain apparently in process of breaking up.