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1881 Lemna — Aggregation

Lemna root in plain water — near close to tip many oval pale green chlorophyll gran & in some young specimen diffused greenish matter — A little higher up the root, the Ch. gran are elliptical & attached to walls of cells — still higher up roots become white & no grains or very few can be seen. —

Plants left for 40° in sol of 2 to 1000 — near tips no trace of chlorophyll granules, but instead green spheres, generally from 2 to 4 or 5 such spheres — One group observed for 1°. 30' no signs of movement.— In tracing up root, as root become less green, there are collection of quite small spheres, & these then disappear, showing beyond doubt that the green spheres are due to the aggregation of the chlorophyll granules. — Lea (a) — (over)

Plants exposed for 42 hr to sol of 4 to 1000 no aggregation— but near tip Chl. gran more spherical — in one root, grains discoloured & root almost whole length discoloured— Most of the leaves blackened too strong sol. for aggregation is this not same with Drosera

[1v]

(a) The leaves a little discoloured from even 2 to 1000 sol. so rather too strong & considerably darked in the sol of 4 to 1000 — no distinct aggregation— walls of cells blackened probably from dead protoplasm clinging to them — I think much of chlorophyll granular.

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Lemna aggregation

(Aug 22d at 2° 15' P.m— touched laterally several tips of roots laterally once lightly with dry caustic— tips much blackened, I can see no signs of aggregation; but most of the roots which were touched were too old & colourless ones; but I do not believe in aggregation & probably roots do not bend by touch or irritation.)

Sept 16th 17 Lemna plants roots & plants immersed in very strong solution of 7 to 1000 at 9° 14 a.m, examined at 10° 25 a. not effect

Reexamined on 17th at 10° 20' 8° 14' a.m. — no aggregation or confluence of grains, but they are heaped up in masses in corner or across the cells; & I might formerly with weak power have mistaken those heaps for aggregated masses.

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Lemna

1881.

Sept 30th Fresh plants from Holwood placed at 2° P.m Sept 29th in sol. 7 to 1000 & examined at 8° 30' a.m. 30th.—

In normal spec. placed in alcohol. Ch-grains flattened or elongated regularly along walls with some few rounded in middle of cells.— In the ammonia spc. (clarified with alcohol)— in one root, the Ch. gr formed a little cloudy granular masses, for they had broken up leaving only excessively minute opake points (Starch?); but higher up the root the ch. grains cd still be distinguished as ghosts. In Such roots after alcohol, nothing but a little granular matter could be distinguished in the cells.

In another root the grain were still perfect, but pale & globular, & the greater number had heaped themselves up in the corners of the cells, & where a wall of an adjoining cell joined any one cell.— many other grains were in close contact forming rows.

Oct 1. 8°. a.m The above specs in sol. of 7 to 1000 no so immersed since 2° P.m on 29th — so great change; the heaping in corners of cells not so plain as in one of former specs. — disintegration of grain plain in disc on leaf.) Immersion of other spec. for 23° 30' in sol. of 4 to 1000 seem to have produced very little effect on Chloro. grains, rather irregularly scattered.—

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Aug 26. Moss no effect whatever on Chlorophyll grain by exposure under cover glass for 28° 30' to sol. of C. of ammonia of 4 to 1000

Lemna. I have examined many roots, exposed for 1 or 2 days to sol of 4 to 1000 & 2 to 1000, & I can see no distinct effect on the chlorophyll grain above root caps except that in the 2 to 1000 after 48° the grains have become spherical, with minute darker centre & several of them free, instead of all being elongated & attached to walls. —

(In spec. placed in sol. of Aug. 25' 9° a.m exposed for 26° to sol of 1 to 2000, I suspect that grain have moved into corners of cells & where wall of adjoining cell come into contact, but I may be mistaken

Aug. 28th 9° a.m. plant dead — not disarticulated.) [sketch]

(All my early observations false as I looked under long root-cap where algae or volvox abounded.)

Au (Sept. 2d kept some roots in weak sol. of 1 to 2000 for 4 days no effect, except injurious one — leaves browned — roots easily drop off.—

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1881

Lemna

Aug. 26th young plant with enormous number of green grains, placed in sol: at of 1 to 2000 at 11° 30'— examined 28th 8° 30'—

The grain looks larger with dark centre, & more transparent—

They often lie in groups of 2, 3 or even 4 indenting each others outline; not rarely crowded crowded in corners of cells — Some of the transverse partitions lined with grains in contact. (a)— Back

(A younger plant with pale green grain placed at same time in the sol. now dead & by a touch roots disarticulated. — Thrown away)

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Aug. 29th. 9° a.m. — no great change, there are some large green gr spheres, which may be due to confluence of 2 or 3 smaller spheres — There are more free grain in middle of cells.

Aug. 31' some root still green, but single leaf 1/2 decayed — no change in grains; I believe the large ones not due to confluence, but merely to swelling.