[A]

Begonia (smooth-leaved Hot-house Var) exposed to sol— of C. of A. of 4 to 1000 for 22° — no action

Cyclamen Persicum. immersed in sol. of 7 to 1000. (A) for 22° young thin & thick roots which had been pale brown were now distinctly green. This colour discharged immediately by acetic acid, & the aggregated granular matter rendered orange.

Transverse slices of fresh roots exhibited nowhere nowhere granular greenish matter: in longitudinal slices close to vascular bundle there was some fine pale-coloured granular matter having very different appearance from that of the immersed roots. These latter wood-cut presented an astonishing difference, especially the longitudinal ones. (By looking at the unsliced roots it may be seen that groups of epidermic cells seemed filled with green granular matter & other groups of cells empty. As a general rule the empty cells produced most root-Hairs, but some & occasionally many arose from the cells filled with granular & the greenish grains filled the Hairs. Most of these hairs were

[in margin:] Hairs

[Av]

I suppose safer to say change of walls, for I am nearly sure that the orange matter occurs where no root-Hairs

B

Cyclamen

Young & short, but some were nearly full-sized. I think none quite full sized. In these hairs & in the cells from which they arose, there were often good-sized green transparent spheres, which seemed to [bend] towards tip of hair into a brownish brownish fluid. I repeatedly noticed that where the hairs arose from cells with the green granules their tips were glued together by orange matter in cells like rosin. This substance was seen on hairs in specimens which had not been immersed in A. — I certainly believe that the hairs are excreting organs; for I have noticed in many plants cakes of orange matter about root-hairs & agrees with granules in root-cap of Euphorbia — May serve as adhesive organs. matter. Almost every single epidermic cell produced a root-hair — I never saw

(C

Cyclamen

such numbers & highly remarkable, it was rare where any adhered to particles of stone. In the epidermic cells the granular matter sometimes aggregated into spheres. They do not alternate with empty cells

Besides the epidermic cells, many isolated elongated parenchyma cells contain the green-granular matter, & as they stand isolated in a longitudinally section, they seem to alternate with empty cells. Almost every one of the true endoderm cells contain the green-granular matter, with here & there an empty one. These 2 kinds of cells appear full, but the granules really only closely line the walls of the cells

Dec. 31' Immersion for additional 24° in the sol. of 7 to 1000 did not cause the granular matter to become more aggregated

(D

Cyclamen

Dec 31'

Immersion of root in C. of soda about 7 to 1000 forfor about 28° did not make it turn green; but caused granular aggregation in the parenchyma, very little or not at all in the epidermic cells & not at all in the endoderm, which were filled with very pale brown fluid In a few of the parenchyma & in many of the epidermic cells there were oval & spherical balls of pale brown, apparently tenacious fluid instead of granular matter. This remarkable fact shows how the contents of the several cells differ.

(The transverse slices of fresh roots from ammon examined yesterday & showing no aggregation were well irrigated with 7 to 1000 & left for 22°, & out of 5 slices only 2 showed any coloured cells & these were blue instead of green. I could distinguish in only some of them a little very fine granular matter, & these few coloured cells occurred only

E

Cyclamen

in parts where the slices were thick & where the cells cd keep alive for some time.— Hence the aggregation & colouring seem connected with the life of the cell. — The green granular matter produced by amm has not not its colour or texture altered by S. Ether — nor texture altered by alcohol — Acetic A.

(The root-hairs often have cakes & masses of dark orange translucent matter, cons seeming in part to consist of granule & including spherical masses.—

(I have often noticed similar masses adhering to roots of other plants). This orange substance was not dissolved by S. Ether or absolute alcohol during 1° 40'. The colour is nearly the same as that of the epidermic cells after the alcohol. In one case a few hairs had apparently been attached to walls of pots & by looking vertically down on them the cylindrical end of the hair were surrounded by small irregular sheets of matter with granule like those in the root-hairs which arise from epidermic cells with granules.— I cannot decide whether these orange-masses are an excretion or liquefied cell-wall for adhesion.

Appeared as if root-hair had poured out by tips their contents.

[in margin:] Cake of orange

[Ev]

In some roots hardly any root-hairs

F. has ascertained that the cells with agg. matter near vascular bundle are true endoderm cells

Other salts

F

Cyclamen

Jan 2d

In parenchyma— often groups of 2 or 3 cells touching with the green granules— Epidermis cells commonly empty — but groups full of grains also to hairs. — I have seen whole row full of grains— so rule breaks down about root-Hairs & cells with granules.—

Jan 5th. Some roots, which were proved good by immersion in C. of A. (7 to 1000) & in which the epidermic & parenchyma cells contained an abundance of green granules (some granules not green) were left in C. of Soda & C. of Potash 7 to 1000 & in Ph. of A (4 to 1000) for 23° & showed no granular aggregation. Thin slices were placed in glycerine & water, & this caused (in 5' as was afterwards tried twice over by F. & me) the primordial utricle to contract into 1 or 2 spheres or oval bags, within many of which there was highly refractive substance which assumed many of shapes like a viscid fluid separating from a lighter one. These quickly assumed their ultimate shape yet very slowly altered shape.

(G

Cyclamen

1882.

Jany 5. a thick, quickly growing fleshy root left in C. of A. 7 to 1000 for 18 1/2 hr. I cd find no greenish aggregated masses in parenchyma, but plenty plenty in epidermis; where in whereas on a thin brownish root split open there was greenish aggr. everywhere as usual. Other roots from same plant left for 42° in same sol, showed magnificent green aggregation in the parenchyma cells — apparently alternating & some of the granules now formed quite large transparent green spheres, whereas other cells were filled with such fine grains as to be hardly visible, I suppose had broken down, but this is only a conjecture. These 2 extreme states occurred in the same slice. I saw none in epidermic cells

(Roots left for 20° in C. of Soda 7 to 1000, on in thin brown roots split open no granular matter in epidermis, but long. rows of these cells coloured pale orange brown, as well as all the endoderm cells & some scattered

H

Cyclamen

parenchyma cells. — These cells appeared filled only with fluid.— In thick fleshy young roots no true true aggregation; but in the parenchyma cells more scattered granular matter than in fresh roots. No trace of green colour. Other roots kept for 42 3/4 h in same solution, — in thick fleshy root no granular matter, but root-hair & epidermis coloured orange brown. — In thin brown split roots, in same root some of endoderm cells with pale brown fluid, others look like mezzotinto engraving from excessively fine granules.

In parenchyma cells some with same the same brown fluid, some with mezzotinto look, & some plainly granular but not green granules. — Thus the various states of the roots after soda are connected —

Depends probably on state of each separate cell & on age & nutrition of root

I

Cyclamen

Roots in C. of Potash (7 to 1000) for 20 1/2°—

slight thick fleshy root, granular matter more abundant & somewhat more aggregated than with the soda, not green — In thin split root some slight difference in alternate rows in brown brown tint & some few transparent orange spheres — After 44° in same same solution, thin split roots, endoderm cells quite transparent & colourless, also also the parenchyma cells, except in one spot some granular matter & a few orange transparent spheres — In thick fleshy roots, in one place alone some parenchyma cells with well developed coarse brownish or colourless granules & a few large transparent ovals of orange fluid.

(Phosphate of A. (4 to 1000) for 20° dr in split thin roots & slices of thick fleshy roots no action.—

After 43° in same sol. no action— though in some part a trace of granules in endoderm cells. but such traces occur in fresh roots

[Iv]

Jan 9th — As far as I can see the yellow matter which clasp to hair is not found or formed in only small quantity on the part of the roots where there are no root-hair