67

(1

Notes on Mr. Joyces Report

(1) This part was under grass; all the other places we observed were under plough. Mr. Joyce thinks that this field was under pasture in the 17th century.

(2) I brought away 4 of the tile cubes, two taken from the centre of the S. ambulatory, & two from one edge; these were marked on their upper surfaces C. for centre E for edge.

(3) There was a good deal of sag in the line, & was not a very satisfactory method, but the sagging of the line will tend to make the sagging of the floor appear a little less than it really was.

(4)

String
(Walls projected above floor only 3/4 of an inch) (tiles of hyost 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inch square) [sketch] Humus 6 inches black mould full of broken tiles & pebbles rock 25 1/2 inch thick to the line of top of walls
walls 14 or 18 ft thick

There was no hypocaust under this pavement according to Mr. Joyce. We found earth castings coming up between the tessarae; the tessarae were quite loose here. The pavement was tolerably level along lines parallel to the walls.

(5) Mr. Joyce took these measurements alone.

68

2)

(6) At the N side of quadrangle the floors of the [worms] with Hypocaust were very uneven. Mr. Joyce told us [that] there was Boggy bottom to all this meadow.

(7) See picture to (4), there was 9" of mould at S and 6" at N, this was full black mould,

(9) There were not very many worm casts, I should say it was not a very wormy place.

(10) Mr. Joyce took these measurements alone, we were doing something else.

(11) In this section, in our notes we find the depth at 13' be 3 3/8" and at 14', 3 1/4" instead of 3 1/2" in both cases. If this were drawn, I think one would be able to see which was the true value by the curve. The whole distance between the walls was 18'—4"

(12) Mr. Joyce said that there were no hypocaust in this room; and he said that he had dug 10' deep down into the next room to see if they existed.

69

3)

Fig G

(13) [sketch]

Distance from centre of wall to centre of wall = 15'-9"

All horizontal measurements were taken from centre of wall marked S, the figures under these show distance of top of tessarae to stairs.

Pavement was broken from 2' to 7' and from 9'-0" to 12'-8", the rest was fairly good.

The centre of the ridge was at about 6'-6", and the edge of the (old buried) wall at 5'-4" from the L edge of the S. wall. The wall was about 18" thick.

(14) In the room where Mr. Joyce found least earth covering the tesselated pavement, there was little or no sag. At this point there was 7" of earth.

(13 continued) This wall was an old wall built in hard malar, & with deep foundations. Mr. Joyce said that there was great difference in the kind of work in early & late times & this buried

70

4)

wall belonged to the early period, and that this early period was before the time of Claudius 2nd.

(15) Frank found two worms under flat tile lying on one of the [illeg] walls, on black mould among gigantic flints of which the wall was built. The top flint would be very easily removed, & it looked as if the wall had been built with black mould instead of mortar; Mr. Joyce said that wall were sometimes built of mud in the later times.

(16) There were hypocaust in course of being uncovered now but we did not see them.

(17) We are sure that these worms did not come from under the wall.

(18) These flints fell down when the earth was taken from under them.

(19) We found a worm himself between the flints.

(20) We should not have reacquired the mortar between the flints as mortar in was brown and soft & damp.

71

5)

(21) The worm mentioned in (19) was found in the wall just at the end at 2'-5" below the old & low level and, and 4'-1 1/2" below ground level.

(22) We saw nothing of value and so made no notes.

(23) I followed a worm pipe down from the top of another wall, which had been recently uncovered, it went down some distance between the flints in black mould, & seemed to come right through the wall, but I doubt it & could not be certain, the mortar was hard [and] the flints were not removed very easily.

(24)

72

Mr Joyce thinks that the general thickness of tesselated pavement was about 4" to 6".

He says that it is the general rule for floors to sag away from the walls.

The Hypocaust above opened contained dusty stuff Mr. Joyce says, & it is soft for if the pick goes through the pavement it goes right through up to the handle; & that there were open spaces certainty in some cases.

Wattle & clob might have been used for building over the ruins & so account for some of the debris; Mr. Joyce says.

Mr. Joyce says that when a floor that is in unusually good condition is uncovered there is found & thin layer of sand as thick as a piece of paper over it.

At the place that we last examined Mr. Joyce pointed out to some gravel which he said from the appearance had been artificially placed there by the Romans, he described it as rammed gravel.

The walls had the appearance of being cut off level about 6" above the level of their floors, Mr. Joyce thinks it possible that there was a wooden or wattle & clob super structure

From notes by Francis & Horace Darwin