(1

Trifolium pratense Red Clover.— Orchard.— [sketch]

May 13. 1877. — 8° 15' Am Removed bloom with tip of sponge dipped in water at 90° F. (& which wd have cooled a little before application) from upper surface of right leaflet & right side of terminal leaflet; proved that bloom was removed by dropping water on leaves. & then with finest needle fixed horizontally on cork, so that cannot go to sleep in rain & dew might will act on its cleaned surfaces; on others uncleaned left as standards of comparison. (The previous night had been warm, wet & cloudy, so that short application of sponge a little under 90° cd not have injured leaf.—)

White White wool —

(10° 30' 2 other leaves similarly done & exposed marked.)

(May 14th much rain; washed leaves well wetted; early part of last night clear.)

(May 15th rained a good deal.)

May 16th last night clear & heavy dew— this morning at 7° 45' all Dew the leaves of clover which had gone to sleep were quite dry, whilst those which were kept open were thickly covered with beads of dew. Difference most conspicuous & proof of cold. —) (over)

[1v]

May 17' 4˚ 30 P.m. rained all day & last night—

cleaned leaves all wet. — others with globules of water.—)

(18th 7˚ 30' Am removed needle from 1 of the uncleaned leaves to see if will go to sleep; I suspect not.)

(19th 11˚ A.m. leaves after shower wet in proper manner: a pin now removed wd which will have prevented the freed leaf from rising.)

(May 23d 7˚30', the one freed leaflet last night at 10˚ Pm stood vertically up showing that it had not lost power of going to sleep.)

(23d. 9˚ Am. The leaves are all speckled with little round holes, but I doubt whether any connection with being pinned open; they do not press on cork or hardly so.)

ie after 10 days [illeg]

(2

T. pratense

May 13th 77. 10˚ 30' a.m. Red silk-worsted

Two leaves— bloom removed from upper surfaces of right leaflets & right side of terminal leaflet, to see if leaves affected during day, for when asleep they will close & protect themselves.—(May 23d no difference)

(June 7th. I can perceive no difference in any of the leaves however treated.)

(July 7th. all the specimens are rotted & done for. except 1 & I can make nothing out.)

ie in 7 weeks

I presume this applies to all the leaves whether pi pinned open whether closed or not closed

2A

New Plant Tri. pratense — Plant marked by Label

May 24th 8˚ A.m.

2 leaves, marked yellow worsted, sponged with cold water right & whole of terminal leaflet, & pinned all 3 open, taking care that leaflets did not rest on cork.

(3

T. pratense

May 13. 1877. Black wool

Three leaves — removed bloom (as in manner described in p. 1) from under side of a lateral leaflet & right side of terminal leaflet, — proved bloom removed — left them to go to sleep on following night & then the cleaned cleaned surfaces will be exposed to radiation & dew.

(May 23d no effect) (July 7th rotted & lost

(4

Trifolium repens.

May 16th 8˚ A.m.

2 leaves white wool, upper surface of the right lat. & whole of terminal leaflet cleaned of wax by water at temp. of nearly 90° F, pinned with fine needles open. — Upper Orchard

(May 17 4˚30' rained all day— leaves are as they shd. be.)

(19' 11˚ now leaves seem wet.)

(23d no effect)

(June 7th These leaves seem injured. (ie in 22 days)

2 leaves close by above, black wool; treated in exactly same manner except that not pinned open & can go to sleep.—

(May 23d. no effect) June 7th. Both these leaves seem certainly injured; no other near look nearly in so poor a condition; but also in neither those not above plants are l the eaflets which were not rubbed in better case than others.)

(July 7th all specimens rotted & gone & smothered)

(4A

Trifolium repens

June 4th 3˚30' Pm

5 leaves with bloom of upper surfaces rubbed off placed in purest water. & 5 other leaves not touched placed in same amount of water & kept down by lead-weights (similar weights in other vessel).

Temp. ranged from 64° to 68° — generally 66° F.—

Not exposed to the sun. —

June 6th 5 30' Pm i.e 50 Hours leaves taken out & water evaporated. The unrubbed leaves were perfectly dry on their whole upper surfaces!! The others of course quite wet. —

June 7th I can perceive no difference in amt of residue, indeed I think rather more & certainly browner from the unrubbed leaves, due probably to these not having been washed. — There were endless irregularly spherical little atoms in the residue from the rubbed leaves, like those from Nicotiana.

(over)

[4Av]

June 7th leaf waved for 1s in water at 81° & 96° bloom not cleaned— at 105° for 1m — 2 leaflet quite wetted, but not the third perfectly. —

(5

May 16. 11˚ Am. Columbine.

I rubbed for long time with sponge in water at 96° or 100° F & poureddripped water over it at this temp. but leaf not properly wetted for one slight shake all wd roll off. Marked with white wool to see if temp of 100° injures.

I then took leaf into House & tried S. Ether & Alcohol, & rubbed with bit of Sponge with cold water. The surface was not properly wetted for all water fell off— with shake, yet the surface in all 3 cases seemed to be silvery. Frank made section & epidermic cells are seem all to be convex & these apparently entangle a layer of air — But why does not ether at once cause leaf to be wetted.

I suspect same end gained by wholly different means. No I find leaf just dipped in Ether with no rubbing loses silvery appearance & is partially wetted, but some almost be shaken dry — so that there seem to be 2 common state of surface, probably [rods] of wax, which can be rubbed of cold, & state of surface

(over

[5v]

May 17th Columbine— 4˚ 30' P.m. Has rained all day & cleaned leaf thoroughly wet

(6

May 16. /77/ Barnes cabbage. leaf 7 1/2 long marked with white wool— rubbed with sponge with water at 95° for some time, but water did not adhere well; yet did not roll of like four ordinary leaves. (Lost)

Right, left Right hand open corner of leaf was rubbed in above manner manner. [sketch]

(over)

This part of Leaf concave & so will hold water. —

(Frank says under microscope wax is dissolved by ether)

May 18th I find water of 90°— cold water & Ether on bit of Sponge all remove the bloom almost equally well as judged by complete loss of Silvery appearance — Perhaps water at 90° rather better than cold or ether — It is clearly a mechanical action. as we can see in the case of fruit. — But after bloom removed by any of above means or spread out or whatever change may be water does not adhere at all well to surface of leaf so can mostly be shaken off, but yet no longer remain as spherical rolling drops on surface, & no doubt fine rain wd wet whole surface. If a bit be actually immersed in ether for 1/2 minute, the bloom can be seen to be dissolved & the leaf is better wetted; so I suppose partly spread out & partly dissolved rubbed off.

Rubbing with bit of soft dry sponge does at well as anything!!

[6v]

July 7th The amt of bloom very different in different var; thus the young leaves of Walcherer Broccoli abounds with it.─ (no wonder species of same genus differs)

(6A

Columbine continued.

May 18' 77. 11˚. a.m.— Rubbed 3 leaflets with moist sponge— gently & several times (mem. how leaves are dashed about by the wind) & proved that bloom moderately well removed by silvery appearance being gone, & marked with yellow worsted.)

(19th 11˚ A.m. after shower the cleaned leaves all wet.)

(23d 9˚ I can see no difference in the cleaned 4 leaflets.)

(July 7th 2 yellows no difference — 1 white wool no difference — none injured.)