[95]

1877

Effects of Shaking stem for 2'

of Plants which go to sleep.

Sept 22

Melilotus officinalis, petit periana & albus, I cd perceive no clear effect.

Lupinus mutabilis no clear effect tried roughly without measure

L. pilosus & luteus doubtful.

Sept 28th Lupinus mutabilis measured general angle of star of leaflet, which was directed towards light, & after shaking for 2' rather violently, no plain change.

Sept 29th shook for 2' leaves of L. luteus & pilosus & no change trustworthy in inclination of leaflets

Oct 6th Shook for 2' L. arboreus & sub-armorus, no change in position of leaflets — The whole stem of L arboreus bent over so that leaves formed vertical stars, but when stem put upright no change in leaves.

[96]

Effects of Shaking 1877

Oct. 4th Melilotus sessiflora, shaken for 2' no effect.

― M. Italica shaken for 2' the terminal leaflet become depressed, but neither they nor lateral leaflets showed any signs of twisting on axes so as to stand vertically.

Oct 5th shook well for 2' Melilotus albus, macrorhyza, suaveolens & petit periana with no effect.

[97]

1877

Lotus Effects of shaking for 2's

Sept 22d

L. peregrinus measured angles with semicircle 3 leaves, no effects & leaves observed for a hour

Terminal leaflets observed in each case, angle of midrib with the vertical below.

M. ornithopopoides (

So in any case leaflets rose.

[annotated sketch] vertical plumb-line parallel to stem

(Leaf B after 1º 45' after the shaking, at 4º 30' so night coming on had fallen to 144º.)

(over)

Sept 22d

L. aristatus

[annotated sketch]

So all rose from shaking

The 2d fully opened leaves more than others.

Sept. 23d compared angles with by compasses of terminal leaflet with stem of same leaf: upper fully-expanded leaf before shaking 88º, after shaking 117º: second leaf 69º, after shaking 123º: third leaf 74º after shaking 91º — So it is clear shaking makes this plant move like incipient sleep.

[97v]

Sept 23d

Lotus ornithopopoides. Plants very heliotropic. — Yesterday when plant was brought to my study & shaken, the leaflets were much closer. I thought it might have been darkness of study, so shut up a plant for 50º in dark cupboard, but this produced no effect.

Sept 23d. I have today again examined by aid of compasses same plant as yesterday viz terminal leaflet by shaking it rather violently for 2'. The first or uppermost fully opened leaf had terminal leaflet at angle of 95º 30' with stem, after shaking the angle was 89º, so it fell or some mistake: second leaf, angle with stem 83º after shaking 138º so rose greatly:: third leaflet angle of 79º, after shaking 91º, so rose 12º: 4th leaflet angle of 88º, after shaking 94º, so rose 6º. — I think this is sufficient to show some rising.

[98]

Lotus peregrinus Sept 24th

Shook top of plant for 3' without having measured angles: terminal leaflet of 3d or lower leaf certainly rose somewhat & I think so did that of 2d leaf.

Shook another young plant 2' 30": third or lower leaf before shaking formed with stem (as observed with compasses) angle of 85º; after shaking 88º, so that terminal leaflet here did not rise rose only 3º;

Second leaf (from the lower one which was observed) before shaking 85º with stem, after shaking 97º, so rose 12º

Third leaf, (or uppermost & fully expanded) 86º with stem, after shaking 83, so fell a little, but this was probably faulty observation, as such observation cannot be accurate. —

On the whole L. peregrinus is much less affected than the L. ornithopopoides & aristatus.

[99]

Effects of Shaking 1877

Sept 30th

Melilotus messanensis: upper leaf terminal leaflets formed with main petiole before shaking angle of 106º; after being shaken for 2' angle was 100º 30' so fell relatively to main petiole 5º 30'; whereas during sleep terminal leaflet rises up & overarches 2 lateral leaflets.

Lower leaf same angle before shaking was 158º, after shaking 137º, so fell 21º instead of rising. Therefore shaking seem to make terminal leaflets fall—

Shaking did not sensibly affect angle of main petiole with stem beneath, for after shaking the petiole of upper leaf apparently had risen 2º, whilst petiole of lower apparently had fallen 3º.

Lotus officinalis. Oct 1. A terminal leaflet formed with its sub-petiole measured below 136'. 30', after shaken for 2' angle was 114º so had fell decreased 22º 30; which implies that leaflet had fallen. — I believe falls during sleep. The 2 lateral leaflets rose a trifle for they now approached each other 3º. 30' nearer: on another leaf they approached each other by only 2º 30'. The angle between the main petiole & stem was not affected in 2 leaves by the shaking. The terminal leaflet generally bends a little to one side like sleep.

[100]

Shaking Effect of Shaking measures by Horn-protector & plummets

Lotus ornithopopoides. terminal leaflet (of upper fully expanded leaf) formed angle with vertical stem of 99º, after shaken for 2' (after interval of 10' or 15') angle was 117º, so had risen 18º: second leaf terminal leaflet of formed angle of 134º after shaking 167º so had risen 33º this leaf after about 1º 45' had sunk to 144º & was thus only 10º above original position & was now near sleeping time.: third leaf formed angle by eye, (not measured) of about 134, after shaking 151º (measured) so had risen 17º.—

Shaking clearly cause the leaflets to rise, as in sleep. —

Lotus aristatus: upper leaf terminal leaflet angle with stem 95, after shaken 105º, so had risen 10º: second leaf, angle 113º, after shaking 153º so had risen 40º: third leaf, angle 105º after shaking 115º so had risen 10º. In this & last sp. 2d leaf was much more affected than any of others

Sept. 30th.— Lotus Gebelia? (No' 4.) upper leaf: term. leaflet form with stem angle of 136º after shaken for 2' angle of 133º, so had fallen, instead of rising, but measurements cd not be made accurately with compasses.— Second leaf before shaking angle 112º after 117º so had risen 5º (Measurements not accurate) — Third leaf before shaking angle of 135º after 132º so had fallen 3º instead of rising. Therefore we may conclude that this is one of the species which is not sensibly affected by shaking, as far as terminal leaflets are concerned.

[101]

L. ornithopopoides

Shaken for 2'

[sketch]

+++ at 4º 25 angle 144º & this must have been about 1º 45' after last measurement

L. aristatus aristatus for 2' shaken

[sketch]

4º 25' 150º about 1º 45 after shaking

Used

[102]

Shaking

Lotus sericeus

shaken for 2' — terminal leaflets & underlying stem angle of measured by compasses

Single young Plant: upper or first leaf before shaking 127º 1/2 after shaking 129º so rose 1º 30; ie nothing.

Second leaf before shaking 139 1/2 after 151º so rose 11º 30'

Third or lower leaf before shaking 132 1/2 after shaking 137 1/2, so rose 5º.—

All this shows slight effects from shaking, species like L. peregrinus

L. major. (Sept. 25) measured with compasses 3 leaves; always terminal leaflet with stem, but not possible to measure very accurately in this or next case. In the morning at 8º 30'.— Shook well for 2' & remeasured after interval of about 15'. The first or upper leaflet rose 4º, too little to trust: second leaf rose 2º; & the third leaf remained exactly the same angle; may say no movement or a most trifling rise. From next case see better say no trustworthy movement.

L. Coimbricensis (Sept. 26) observed & tested like last: first or upper leaflet rose after shaking 6º: second leaflet rose fell 2º, no doubt inaccurate measurement: third leaflet fell 5º probably inaccurate measurements