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Hist. Nat. Generale des Pigeons et des gallinacés par C. J. Temminck. 1813.—

Tom I. (Pigeons) p. 4 Hoccos, Penelopes, Eperonniers all produce under domestication & all pheasants.—

p. 19 few birds so widely distributed as H. Bizet or parent of wild domestic pigeons (& some other pigeons) ground even in hottest countries & with some plumage! (strange considering tendency to very under domestication: I suspect climat not so important)

p. 43 Columba australis Lath. legs partially feathered: other species with cannade at base of bill & other naked skin round eyes—

(NB domestic vars. Analogues with true species)

p. 93 Columba arquatrix (Mihi,) S Africa, when takes flight is described by Vaillant, describes a parabola & at intervals forms "des ares-boutants" [therefore] flight differs from all other pigeons.—

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p. 100. Columba littoralis Mihi. of Java builds and roosts in rocks on coast —all white, except parts of wings & ends of caudels black – legs & beak livid (yet Gould says a true pigeon w [illeg])

p. 125. Columba livia Lath. parent of all domestic pigeons, by crossing & selection

p. 145. quotes Parmentier who says "it is certain that in flocks of pigeons, the white always fell first victims to the kite; hence many proprietors will not rear the white birds

p. 164 The fancy pigeon breeds even 10 times a year, which the Fuyards or field-pigeons breed only 2 or 3 times. (Parmentier)

p. 155 (do)[Parmentier] in certain varieties one recognises the males by the "penache" ie some spots of a black colour.—

(Q) [This was quoted in Variation 1: 178.]

p. 170 (Parmentier) some varieties use much straw in their nests, & other only a little & it is good to regulate the quantity on account of the eggs getting broken ; (vide sense as illustration / selection falling on eggs).—

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p. 190. The wild of domestic pigeons, migration — it exists in Europe, Asia & Africa —at Tenerife

p.191 — alludes to habit of roosting in rocks as a means of knowing parent source.—

List of Tropical races (all vars. vary in size 3 colours)

p. 194. (1) Pigeon romain. Columba Hispanica Lath.

(Vide Latham seems to have described with care the race.)

beak red in some, black in others — legs much feathered + toes so as to render walking awkward — some dappers[?] husses the feathers of occiput being contourner & red rufus.—

p. 192. (2) P. grosses-gorge. C. Gutturosa Lath. (I presume pouter) (yes) looses equilibrium.—

p 196. (3) P. turc — tubercle at base of beak & round eyes of wonderful dimensions — but (various dimensions — some can "au point de laisser a peine la faculte de la vue."

p. 197. (4) Pigeon nonain Jacobin pigeon C. cucullata Lath. Always have beak very short & feathers on back of head re combes.

do (5) P. a cravate. C. Turbita Lath. turbit is smallest not hardly bigger than turtle-dove — has tuft

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Hence there are pigeons which can hardly see, walk, fly fan tail in high wind; break their feathers in flying, can hardly eat, or burst for eating too much — & will not rear their young & cannot make their nests properly.— & others tumble over from pouting their breast so much.—

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Feathers or breast & gorge "qui semblent se rebrousser" [p. 198] is difficult to make it cross with other races

This small size of body & of beak make him think a distinct species.—

p. 199 (6) P. Paon. C. Laticauda Lath. (fantail) has "nerf erecteur" when they lift their tail they draw back their heads & tremble all this time — they will not quit their voliere willingly apparently for fear of being blown over by their broad tail — doubt whether same species because most species of pigeon have generally only 12 caudal feathers, whilst the greater part of the race has 30 "cela variant du plus au moins" the most valued have 32 & 34 "les pigeons trembleurs & ceux qui relevent seulement en partie leur queue sont originaires de cette race." now this very variation (except from crossing) shows this is a variety.—

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p. 201. (7) P. Culbutant. C. gyratrix Lath

This higher than any other kind — (pigeons Tournants for a subdivision of the case) — they have wings very long — "quelquefois elles depassent la queue" — They are derived from C. livia.—

(p. 458 classified index. C. percussor or smiter pigeon. — fly in circles & clap their wings with loud noise, so that the wing-feathers are often even broken so that sometimes they cannot fly

p. 204. C. Leucocephala Lath. W. Indies roost & breed in rocks.— (but American, Australia & Oceanic pigeons may be laid aside). Top of head white feathers which form a [illeg]

p. 217 — Columba Guinea Lath. — from Guinea to C. of Good Hope.— Vaillant says they roost in rocks or trees according to nature of country — (good case to couple with Cu. Smith; case of Hyaena; more especially as this is so fixed a habit with most pigeons.— The feathers of

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the pigeon peculiar — "echancrees vers le bout en forme de fer de lance" (so probably not a parent stock)

p. 226. C. gymnophtalmos Mihi. — round eyes & cheek is without feathers & strewed with "papilles charneus".— said often to lift up suddenly its tail.— Another species has carrunde or breast, another cartilaginous tips to feathers.— p 233 another has power of drawing in neck of erecting the  feathers on it.—

p 255 C. Javanica Lath. — some vars. have not the white in front & all the head black— when fed on "chenevis" black feathers come scattered over whole bird.

p. 339. C. Malacensis = India, S. of Ganges, & E. Indian Arch = tail almost as long as body & head —composed of 14 feathers, which make it size large, when bird spread it, which it has often habitual of doing.— body not large

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then a sparrow; builds in trees (fan-tail analogous with this)

p. 389. C. Nicobarica, no instance of its breeding in captivity, which in his fathers menagerie, various Loxias & Frungilla & some other pigeons of timid [illeg] have bred freely — (Hence as far as known only an old-world pigeon, besides C. livia, breeds & roosts in rocks — & habits of most known to some extent).—

Tome II. Gallinacées.—

p. 41 (Q) Peacock in India lays even 20 eggs, here from 8 to 12.—

p 73. considers domestic fowls as descendants from several wild stocks (p. 69) of which Gallus giganteus of Sumatra & G. Bankiva of Java the chief.— the latter origin of Bantam. The resemblance in numerous essential respects most close to the wild stocks —

p. 75. Le Faisan s'alle au Coq, celui-ci avec le Dindon — Hoccos all together & with turkey X

X this here [above Coq] xx no special fact given.

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Does not Agese give origin of such vars in S. America?

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vol 2

p. 253

Gallus morio Mihi a species?! of India — has epidermis & peristeun[?] black p 254. then in domestic breed of this species which cross with common fowls & have bones & skin of various shades.

p. 259. G. crispus Briss — has all feathers "retournees et comme frisees" — many races of this — never as large as common fowls — domestic in Java, Philippines &c. wild source not known

p. 255. Gallus furcatus not domesticated (quite distinct) said to breed with common fowls.— (see Crawfurd).

p. 267. G. ecandatus Mihi — inhabits woods of Ceylon; builds nest of fresh grass on ground — it is the tailless fowl.— sound of voice different from common.—

p 303. common pheasant breed readily in larger cages or enclosures.

p. 311. Has reared white sparrows, taken out of nest in this state & after one or two month have recovered ordinary plumage

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(a.) The ring-pheasant of our parks, good instance of a variation, such as might be produced in nature by a cross—

p. 330. He produced hybrids some like one parent, some like other, some intermediate

"Le produit de ces bâtards entre-eux" ou bien avec l'une des deux especes

(Q)

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vol. 2.

(Q)

p. 314. on average out of 100 eggs from cock-pheasant & common hen, only 2 or 3 young can be reared. p. 318 their plumage varies prodigiously in diff. individuals p. 319 common pheasant, ie P. [Phasianus] colchicus, crosses with Golden or P. pictus.— p. 323 one such hybrid fecundated a hen P. colchicus, but the female hybrid grand child was sterile (Q)

p. 326. P torguatas "Faisan a collier" — a distinct species, which unites (& has "fertile hybrids which reproduce themselves") with common pheasant — this plumage & size & present of tail manners different less size their young more difficult to rear, & eggs different.

p. 329. must not be confounded with the ← [previous] variety of common pheasant with white a collar, which he considers as hybrids — says wild in the less northern parts of China with common pheasant, & that they never mingle or then cross.— Temminck says found in same countries, Gould does not believe, hence not cross in our country.—

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p 375. Turkey its propagation double in its native country & larger & handsomer

p 390. a hybrid taken in Hampshire, described by Edwards Gleanings II. 337 as between Turkey & pheasant, Tem. Thinks more probably between Turkey & Cock of Wood — (but latter not then found)

(⸮ is it between pheasant & common Black cock?))

p. 415. Argus giganteus — secondary wing feathers twice as long as primaries p 417. — flies badly, but runs very quickly by aid of wing which it uses as oars.—

p 433. Bechstein describes hybrid of cock Peintade & fowl.

p 546. Generes Pauxi, Crax & Penelope replace in new world pheasants of old.— p 548 Crax rubra & pauxi produce quite as readily as domestic fowls in some menagerie in Holland

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Vol 3

p. 2. Pauxi — a grand quantity of its eggs are "clairs", but this may arrise from small liberty allowed to bird, but giving them a good run they hatch well

p. 13. Crax globicera, when crossed with other species of the hybrids, a great number sterile, often have been fecundated once, & a smaller number have produced a good many.— (Q)

(does not say whether crossed with parent form or not) p 21. Crax rubra is other species p 25. when C rubra crosses with C. alector, many hybrids are produced, which breed with either parent— (Q) (shows that these are really species, through close ones)

p 39. it is evident that hybrids take sometimes more after one parent & sometimes more after other.

p. 47. Penelope cristata breeds in menageries

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p. 125. very difficult to domesticate any Tetras birds languish & must die within year.

p. 147. All polygamous animals fight.—

p. 288. Perdix will not submit to complete domestication — have even arrived to raise some, but they lay & propagate less freely than pheasants. (As in making hybrids some tribes cross more freely than others, (as can be toto in plants,) so some breed, as Gallinacée, more readily than others, but in both cases with inexplicable exceptions, as with partridges.—

p. 301. Perdix clamator (Francolin), has been bred undomesticated at C. of Good Hope by a & has even obtained hybrids with common fowls, which were always unfecund (so may be believed.) (Q)

p 357. Perdix saxatilis, as Arica & Grever & Francolin[?], so tame as to go out to feed as flocks & obey voice. (I do not know whether breed.)

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p 364. Perdis rubra, will not domesticate properly, but are reared in pheasantures in same was as pheasants, but I do not know whether breed then, I suppose so, but requires much care

p 382. 2 cases of common partridges, taken young, which bred in small garden, quite tame — p 387. they seem to breed often in domestication, but will never sit.—

(Privation of freedom evidently affects intervals connected with breeding, all parts of same phenomenon — even [illeg] eating young perhaps same.—)

P 394. Partridge vary in brilliancy of colour & [illeg] in different parts of Europe — this remark in general; conspicuous in a comparison of same species from C. of Good Hope & Senegal; then from letter all being larger & more brilliant plumage (interesting in relation to Galapagos, though creation wd probably follow same law)

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Tome 3

p 397. Perdix montagne, Lath. only a var. of common partridge, differs much in plumage & only in that, & seen by Bechstein in same covies with common.—

p. 424. P. dentata Mihi (a Colin) he compared specimen from Guiana & Paraguay; at former place they make nest & roost on branches of tree, at Paraguay on the ground.— It is the Uru of Azara. (p 429) in so "ou assure" that though generally they pair, yet sometimes united in troops & all the females lay & sit on one nest on the ground.— (2 variations of instinct in same breed.)

p 467. Common Quail common to Europe, Asia & Africa, most diverse climates, yet no change even in plumage, of which many other cases given & is considered by Tem. as proof how little effect climate has (this all leads to selection, when opening
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In oeconomy of nature — & consequently that then is variation enough at all times to select species from.— Herbert's facts all tend to place occupied by any organic being in far more dependent on other organic beings than on its own capabilities of life.—

p. 482. Young quails educated from earliest days in cages, towards the one hour before sunset, in April & September get most restless & bed against wires of cage

p 498. some quails remain all year in S. of Europe & p. 499 & according to Le Vaillant the quails of Roben rd. 2 leagues from the shore do not migrate, whilst those of mainland do.— Confirmed by A. Smith   certainly same species & with Europe. Here in N. & S. hemisphere same species migrate in opposite directions. Strange that migratory instinct shd ever have been lost, seeing what a passion it is.—

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