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L. Lloyd. Scandinavian Adventures vol I. 1854.

p. 90 alludes to mistake of his in former work of the Salmon inhabiting Lake Wenern.

p 100 a hook is developed on under jaw of males in Salmon during breeding season which in Mr Keiller's opinion is "to prevent the males which in the spawning season are most pugnacious, from killing each other".

p. 104 Ll. thinks the hook, helps to strengthen the jaws, when one male charges the other with wonderful violence.

p. 252 It is now agreed only 1 kind of Bear in Sweden. Bears vary much in colour degenerate in size far north.

p. 273 In Sweden in 1827, 35548 head of animals horses, cows, sheep, goats & pigs had been destroyed by the wild animals! This shows struggle going on.

p 450 wolf cubs when very young are nearly black, & so closely resemble those of fox, that people are often deceived in them.

p. 460 cases of wolf-cubs reared, becoming quite docile dogs will eat dog. D [illeg]

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vol. 2. p. 32 Nilsson now think that the black Fox & crossed Fox are accidental vars. of common Fox. The crossed Fox has a longitudinal band & one across shoulders down front legs: it has "larger proportions of body, greater breadth of skull, larger eyes, thicker legs, & a more bushy tail. It is also, said to be of a more courageous disposition." Though Nilsson is now quite convinced, apparently from experiment to be detailed, that these are Vars, there are some in Sweden who think them distinct (shows how difficult to ascertain species) the crossed fox being perhaps a hybrid between the other two.

p. 34 Two crossed Foxes were enclosed & produced 3 young ones; one a crossed fox the 2 other red ones but with the larger proportion &c of the crossed Fox. In 1830 produced 3 other cubs all crossed. In 1831 produced 4, 2 crossed, 2 black but with tips of hairs silvery white. "The pair of black foxes, were of somewhat smaller size & of quieter habits than the crossed foxes." In 1832 the old crossed f. produced 4 more

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I shd think the great variation in Foxes, Bears Red Deer &c in Europe is partly due to changes of conditions, due to mans' cultivation.

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cubs, 2 crossed 2 black. In 1833 the crossed foxes produced 5 cubs, 4 black & 1 crossed. (In this year a pair of black (offspring of the above crossed) produced 6 black cubs. There are some reasons to think that the barred foxes come from the black & red crossing in nature. Lloyd thinks these experiments prove that probably there is a distinct black species, which crosses with red; but it is founded solely on fact that the crossed foxes produced 19 cubs all of which were (8) those with white tips included black, or (9) cruciferus with only 2 red exceptions; but this objection is simply founded on ignoring hereditariness. The "fox colony" was established by some garttener interested in nat. Hist. near Stockholm. Lloyd asks why black & crossed Foxes are never produced in England?

p 37 a cross between Dog & Fox is not uncommon in Sweden.

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p 77 Naturalist have been sorely puzzled to account for migrations of Lemmings some think caused by being more prolific in certain years, thinks this is absurd. Some account by peculiar frozen state of ground under snow: some says they increase too rapidly, but argues if so, they wd migrate more regularly. Migrations have taken place in 1789-1807, 1808, 1813, 1823. They diverge in all directions from native mountains. It is believed they start scattered, & accumulate owing to obstacles always go straight ahead if they meet a precipice go round it & afterwards continue their course in same direction

p. 80 if meet Boat in water they will crawl up one side & out of other: are drowned by thousands in Lakes - always remain stationary during winter. Lloyd does not believe they enter water without they see the opposite shores after winter no one seems to know what becomes of them. Strange perverted instinct - this going straight shows instinct. Like ants in Brazil

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p 223 wild Rein deer occasionally weigh 350 lb tame never weigh more than 200 lb. thought to be owing to milk being used by Laplanders.

p. 243 case of Golden Eagle carrying off girl of 5 years old, a diminutive child.

p 413 speaking of the Grey lag or Wild Goose (Anser ferus) says according to M. von Wright, "for as well amongst geese, as almost all other birds, especially aquatics, the males are much more numerous than the females"

p. 414 L Jenyns does not consider the grey-lag parent of tame, for gander of latter invariably at a certain age becomes white, but Lloyd thinks must be parent of some. (Fox I am nearly sure disputed this remark of L. Jenyns). The eggs of grey Lag are fr 5-8 in number.

p 452 a remarkable instance of attachment between male Sheldrake & common duck, with which it had mated.

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p 483 It is asserted "Isis 1831" by Eimbeck that a hybrid between the Snow Margin albatross & Golden Eye Duck was shot in Brunswick in 1825. (Probably cock & bull story)