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Mém. Soc. Phy. &c de Genève.

Tom I p. 214 Decandolle, Sur les affin: des nymphaeacées. The two genera Nelumbo  & Nenufar (or Nephar?) are very near on any view, yet certainly present a marked difference in the structure of their embryo — (a) p. 215. With the exception of the Lecythis we know only plants without leaves which have not cotyledons, (so are exception to connection between leaves & cotyledons)

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[in margin:] calls it marked exception to general law

p. 235 one often finds 3 cotyledons in the Ranunculeceu, Haricots & a still greater number in the Ines & Sapins, but what never fails in the Exogens, is that that the Cotyledons are opposed or verticellate; —  In the Endogens, they are alternate

p. 300. Prof. Vaucher Sur la sève d'Août &c.

The same species of tree (I as simple var.) has always the same kind of germination; knows only one exception, when he noticed some branches of a common lilac retaining their terminal bud bourgeon in the whilst all the others which he has seen elsewhere "presentent ruptures".

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Now this may be a case, where an important part has varied in some genus & has given rise to a set of genera in which the embryo has gone on crossing & has produced all this amount of anomaly.

In this family Have we have not simply an embryo very different from the generality, of other families but we have it very difference in the genera of this same family

So peculiar in embryo that long disputed whether monocot. or dicot.— Nuphar & Nephar very nearly same structure, but Nelumbo very different, in embryo all 3 genera very close. (In two families manifestly allied, but differing in some important point, in which all species of each group resembled each other: it is not probably that they have descended from 2 species thus varying in some primordial genus; for if so the variation wd probably have gone on, but we

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p. 298 The division, relation to the different modes of germination, accords very well with the genera of botanists, but not with the families; yet some genera have aberrant species in this respect — gives short list of these exceptions —amongst them the Chinese & Persian Lilacs have a "ont un terminal (2) bourgen (1)," [p. 299] while the common lilac "a une rupture" —  & we have above shown seen, that the common Lilac in Bot. Garden of Geneva had some branches with a terminal bourgeon.—[p. 300] Here then we have a character generally generic, not varying in the different species Lilac & in one instance in one of the individual species. (Q)

p. 443. Sur les plantes rares &c Par. M. Decandolle.

Has a var. of Geranium pratense, in which the two upper petals are very often white, whilst the rest 3 lower ones retain their ordinary blue colour, "on retrouve ici meme dans les Geraniees

(Q) Ch 7

[in margin:] must view it as indirect effect of those aggregate characters which make the two families

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a fleurs régulières, cette tendance a la disparité des petales si remarquable dans plusieurs Pelargoniums."— Here we have a var. sporting into [illeg] (a) genera allied genus; but we have I must learn generic character of Geranium & Pelargonium. (Q)

(Why in Botany is it the position of leaves, the relative position of parts of flowers, floral envelopes & forms of embryo &c so infinitely more important than shapes structure &c of leaves & of roots & even within certain large limits the structure of stem: surely these parts are more important than the flower, at least to life. & life of individual more important even that its propagation considering that plants can live without flowering & can even be propagated by runners &c.— But we can perceive, that the roots & leave are more exposed necessary to be adapted to external conditions, than the parts position of leaves &c; we can see no

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(a) If Geranium & Pelargonium have descended from same stock, it is not improbable that cases of one should vary in same manner as the parent stock of Pelargonium did. The irregular [illeg] is of course merely induced from some other irregularity.

It was wonderful Lamarck so good a naturalist ever fell into so strange an error "importance of organs."—

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(4 cause that why the opposition or attenuation of the cotyledons or early leaves should be altered in adapting a species to new conditions; nor that the direction of the radicle shd by altered in the embryo — Hence there are fundamental genealogical characters. So in language, why should th its structure of a language, shd be generally admitted to be more important in classing mankind, then the sound of the words or the even the physical characters of those that use the language, because we know the sound of words are liable to be corrupted & hybridised & the complexion changes, but we see no cause & do not know of instances of fundamental structure of language being altered, hence we justly give it the preference in tracing

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the genealogies of mankind — I will go further, & remark, as in the course of ages, with successive changes of words the sound of words, facilitating their agglomeration & inflexion, we believe  the structure of language of may change, so here do I believe from analogous processes, the important organs slowly & indirectly become changed.

(The change I presume going on in the whole body of those species which are preserved?)— as long as they retain much in common.) Cuvier in arguing against the variation of domestic animals, assumed that we ought to expect that generic characters: did he expect that the Dentary arrangement in domestic dogs should

[in margin in pencil:] It wd be good argument as far as it works against new genera, & A Decandolle has used it.— strongly.—

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be altered, if so be expected a new genus to be formed.— As well might he argue, that the English language is not altered form of that spoken 5 or 6 centuries ago in England because there was no evidence of any change, analogous to those which separate the Indo-European from the Semitic tongues.) If a naturalist found wild a pig with solid hoofs, with no great defensive tusks, with a different number of lumbar vertebrae (Eyton) (which those must admit a very possible[?], who include all domestic pigs as on species which bred freely together) he would probably make a new genus.—

Peach with stone outside, is this important??—

"Eyton, Thomas (Tom) Campbell, 1809-80. Ornithologist and specialist in skeletal variation. Born at Eyton Hall, inherited in 1855. CD discussed evolution with before Origin. Anti-Origin. At Cambridge with CD and shot with him on vacations. 1835 Married Elizabeth Frances Slaney. 1839 E examined birds from Beagle voyage for Zoology of the Beagle, and wrote appendix to Part III of Birds, pp. 147-56, not published until 1841. Corresponded with CD on skeletal variation. 1868 E sent CD his Osteologia avium, Wellington, 1867. 1868 CD remembered hunting and fishing with him in their youth. CCD16. An entry in Emma's diary 1834 Mar. 18 as "Eyton"." Van Helvert and van Wyhe, Darwin: A Companion, 2021.

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References:

Candolle, Augustine Pyramus de. 1821. Mémoire sur les affinités naturelles de la famille des Nymphéacées. Memoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève 1(1): 209-244, 2 pls.

Vaucher, Jean-Pierre. 1822. Mémoire sur la sève d'août et sur les divers modes de développement des arbres. Memoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève 1(2): 291-308.

Candolle, Augustine Pyramus de. 1822. Rapport sur les plantes rares ou nouvelles qui ont fleuri dans le Jardin de botanique de Genève pendant les années 1819, 1820 et 1821. Memoires de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève 1(2): 431-462.