(16

Candytuft crimson — Iberis umbellata var. Kermesiana—, produced plenty of seed under net— This seed not so ripe as the other.

Crossed Seed (by insects)

Sept. 29' 7° Am 1 seed (thrown away) — 3°. P. m a second) (Oct 1st a 3d & 4th) 2d: 5th & 6 & 7th (Oct 3d (8th) (Oct 8' 9th seed germ.) (Oct 9th. 10th seed germ)

germinated at same time)

(I shall record no more about germination)

Plants self-fertilised under net (Oct 1 one, a second.) (Oct 2d. 3d & 4th, 5th & 6) (Oct 3d 7th seed.) Oct 4th 8th 9th 10' 11th seeds germ.) Oct 5th 12th & 13th seed.) (Oct 8th, 14th to 18' seed germ.) (Oct 9th. 19th seed. germ —)

Oct 11th. Both lots in Pot I have formed long drawn up stems with only cotyledons; but the uncrossed have the advantage in tallness & development. — Oct 19th The latter — same state & decidedly are taller. — (Oct 26 of the seedlings in sand in glass, the crossed are a little the tallest!) see p. 16A

Pot II. I transplanted & equal seedlings

Pot 2. Sown on both sides. — /over

[16v]

I observe the seeds of both sp. of Iberis do not mould— whilst at seeds of all Primulæ very liable — so are sweet-peas. —

(Dec. 1. Pot. 2. has been moved out of Hot-house, for plants were dying, but far more of uncrossed died than crossed & this agree with result in Sand.) (March 31. all the self died & pot thrown away)

(Dec. 1 Pot I. The uncrossed are still decidedly the finest

(Dec 16. Pot I. The crossed are now equal to uncrossed.)

(March 31 Pot I. The plants are now in full flower bud, & the tallest self-fert. are 5-6 inches higher than the crossed ie those not covered by net. —

(16A.

Sand Crimson Candy-tuft.

Both sorts of seeds left in tumbler, sown on thick layer of pure sand & this on layer of burnt earth, so no organic manure, & forced in Hot-house. — (Nov. 2d Some of recent the tallest the crossed are now, 2 1/2 inches high & having only cotyledons not far from double the height of the uncrossed on other side of same glass. —) (Nov. 8th Several crossed plants in sand are now to base of upper petiole of leaves are 1.52 tall & have formed 4 leaves. Of uncrossed, the average tallest is only 1 inch, & only one plant a little taller; several dead; [illeg] none have formed 4 leaves: look dark & unhealthy.)

Pot I (Dec. 1'. The crossed have now immense advantage being on average thrice as tall as uncrossed. Many uncrossed dead, dark-coloured & dwarf— One of the these uncrossed, however, is green & tall, bit not so tall by an inch as the crossed.) The crossed

(Feb. 10 in sand as before.) (In Pot, self-fert. decidedly tallest

(March 31. One crossed plant much tallest; one self-fert pretty tall, all the rest dwarfs.—

(16B

Candy-tuft crimson in greenhouse 1867

The plants supposed to be crossed were artificially crossed ie whole capitulum smeared with pollen from distinct plant. 2 or 3 times & 3 Heads thus done, & produced 108 seed, which weighed 3.57 gr. Several Heads on plants which had been self-fert. were smeared with own pollen spont. self-fertilised under net & these heads were quite as fine as the crossed heads.

The seed was apparently finer, but hard to judge for it differed much in size from different heads— but 108 of these self seed weighed 4.87 gr. so much heavier than crossed seed.

These seed will [illeg] probably 2d generation of crossed & certainly 2d. gen. of self-fertilised.—

(The self-fert. seeds germinated the most freely)

(May 10' 1868 In all the pots, Plants about 4 inches high & no difference between crossed & selfs)

(June 10th 1868

Pot. I two tallest crossed plant 16 1/2 inch to top of flowers

do do self- do 19 & 17 inch do

Pot. II two tallest crossed 16 1/2 & 15 1/2 do

do do self- 15 1/2. 15 1/2 do

Pot III. tallest crossed & self exactly equal. —

So Plants may be said to be equal. — (over)

[16Bv]

N. B. Under net in Greenhouse Lettington saw small fly, flying from flower to flower sucking. Hence it is just possible plants last year were not well protected & the self were crossed, but not at all probable. —

(June 26— 68 some seeds, germinated were sown on both sides of Pot with Calceolaria— crossed flowered first; but tallest crossed only 4 1/2 inch high & tallest self 7 inches high — so selfs great advantage—

(p 16B

[table and calculations not transcribed]

[CUL-DAR78.125r]

Draft of Descent 1, footnote a.

(16C

Candy-tuft. The plants on last page had individual flowers, 24 in number, carefully crossed by self, & 21 set seeds, & all these except 7 pairs produced 2 seeds. —

The Heads under net were carefully protected this year in Greenhouse, set seeds spontaneously very badly; so that 12 Heads produced only 39 seeds; & 8 of these heads yielded only 3 seeds; & few flowers produced 2 seed; unfortunately I did not observe whether the crossed & self-fert. plants were equally spontaneously sterile. —

All the heads were very sterile on the self- plants.

As the crossed plants were again crossed, & self- again allowed to self-fertilise themselves, the plants which will be produced will be 3d. generation. — There are 39 self- seeds & 35 crossed.

(1869 — These seeds germinated well & were planted in pairs in 4 Pots. — In Pot IV. a vas large number of crossed & self- Plants were planted & crowded but now on (May 15) all the self have died, & hardly one of Crossed — In Pot II there were 2 on each side, both selfs (now May 15) have died & one crossed alone has died— The Plants look well & equal in the 2 other Pots.)

16D

Crimson Candy-tuft 1869

June 5th 1869 measured the tips of Leaves

Aug 2d. 1869 measured the end of Pods

[Table, partly excised, not transcribed]

Sept 9. 1869

The above Plants, left uncovered in greenhouse

Pots rather small, so plants unproductive many capsules on all plants abundant

Pot I	Crossed Plants number of seed	self-fert Plants number of seed
I (3 plants)	74	79
III (4 Plants)	132	75
	206	154

(I do not think there any evidence of the self-plant having become sterile.—)

16D

[Repeated]

16D

[Repeated]

16D

[calculations not transcribed]

(16E

(Iberis)

(During summer of 1870 seed of crimson candy-tuft (Iberis umbellata) from Carters sowed in Essex were grown, & were allowed spont to self-fertilise themselves; & several young flowers were carefully crossed by pollen from flower of plants raised from seed sent me by Dr Durando, raised in Algiers, where probably plants had grown for some generation. — The var. was pale red, but did not otherwise differ from English var. —

The English plants which spont. were self-fertilise produced very few seed — The seed of both allowed to germinate on damp. sand. —

The self-seed. germinated rather quicker than the crossed seed. —

[Cross and self fertilisation, p. 105: "Some of these plants were allowed to fertilise themselves spontaneously under a net; others were crossed by pollen taken from plants raised from seed sent me by Dr. Durando from Algiers, where the parent-plants had been cultivated for some generations. These latter plants differed in having pale pink instead of crimson flowers, but in no other respect."]

16F

[calculations not transcribed]

(16F

Iberis umbellata — Plants from last Page.

Plants measured to tip of convex heads of flowers on July 1871. In Pots in greenhouse. —

All the crossed plants, except those marked P. showed by their pale pink flowers, that they had been crossed— The self-plants rich purple. (—This good case of colour not blending, 6 of crossed plants exactly as purple as pure selfs — all the rest pale pink like ♂. —)

(The refuse seed, more or less germinated was planted in 2 separate rows in open ground — The self either accidentally or from weakness suffered much from insects or weakness. Of those that survived, they were on average plainly less fine plants than the crossed. Oct. 3. 1871.)

Yet crossed by plant from Algiers (over)

[16Fv]

-bearing flower-Heads

[131v]

[Right side of page excised]

The 30 Crossed Plants produced 103 pod-[bearing flower-Heads]

The 29 self Plants ― 81

∴ 30 self plants wd have produced

The seeds carefully counted in Pots

The 9 crossed plants in these 2 Pots produced 32 He

above enumeration) & they yielded

Therefore 100 crossed flower-heads

The 9 self plants produced 26

& they yielded by weight 4

Therefore 100 self-fert. flower heads

Perhaps calculate how many seeds 30 would have yielded