RECORD: Darwin, C. R. 1844. Ownership history of Down House and its elevation. EH88202301. Edited by John van Wyhe (The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Photographed by Down House volunteers with thanks to Sabrina Villani. Transcribed and edited by John van Wyhe 10.2025. RN1
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with the permission of English Heritage (Darwin Collection at Down House) and William Huxley Darwin.
Apparently written within the first two years of purchasing Down House, Darwin recounts the previous owners of Down House and the property.
Another leaf, probably not originally connected with the first, discusses the elevation of Down House and locations nearby. Halstead is a village about 4 miles east of Downe, apparently never otherwise mentioned in Darwin's writings. Knockholt Beeches, about 4 miles southeast of Downe, was "a favourite resort of holiday-makers during the summer months" Walford, 1884. Greater London: a narrative of its history, its people, and its places. vol. 2, p. 118.
See Atkins, Hedley. 1976. Down: the home of the Darwins; the story of a house and the people who lived there, pp. 15ff.
[1]
About year 1650 [3 words of erased pencil]
Roger Know was married in 1654 left property to only son & heir Thomas Know ob. 1728, aged 70: He purchased manor of Apperfield who left it only son & heir Roger Know, died in 1736.— The property then descended by gavel – kind to his cousins Leonard
From the family of the Know, Sir W. Geary inherited the land}
Leonard Bartholomew (died 1757) & John Know Bartholomew [words of erased pencil]
The latter former succeeded his brother to whole property & sold it A.D. 1751 (my first parchment) for £800 to Charles Hayes of London of Hatton Garden, Holborn London, who left property to John Cale of Barming in Kent, who left it to heirs of T. Prowse M.P of Somersetshire deceased, which namely which were Lady Mordaunt of Walton Warwickshire and Mary Prowse his daughter, who together sold property to George Butler of Downe Kent for £780..18 A.D. 1778 (for 10s) Nathaniel Kent of Fulham Surrey
George Butler left place to his son, whose trustees sold it in 1791 to Cholmely Dering Esq (who married step daughter of Bishop of Rochester, whose wife advanced money) for 1230£ A.D. 1791.
AD 1801. Chol. Deering (& his trustees) sold place for 1660£ (& 240 for furniture) to Thomas Askew (who like his predecessor was forced to borrow the money on bond & mortgage. [2 lines of erased pencil]
1818 The property was sold by Mr Askew by auction & purchased by Nathaniel Godbold of Bloomsbury Square for 2280 & 120 for the timber
(Mr Godbold was a dealer in medicines & bought it for speculation
[1v]
1819 October — Godbold sold property to John Johnson colonel E. Indian service a knight [illeg] of the Bath for 2750£
April 1839 Col Johnson (then in Canada) sold property to Rev. J. Drummond for 1425£
Sept. 1842 The Rev. J. Drummond sold it to Charles Darwin for 2020£ Rev Drummond laid out nearly 2000£ on place.— Mr Osborne says Major Askew laid out most money on the place.—
[1b]
October 7th 1844
Knockholt (highest part of Beeches) 213 feet (213 562 = (775ft)) above study of Down —(not very good) æstimation)
Lodge of High Elms 285 feet below Down = 277 above sea
Norwood 390 ft. [pin holes]
[illeg] This floor 562 ft. This is the best mean
(over
[1bv]
Mr Children levelled the Down & found my gate 33ft. 8in above Halstead Place, therefore my study probably 36 feet above do
do. Beeches above Halstead 246 ft by levelling
do. believe Halstead 525 above sea
do & levelling Halstead 190 feet above gate at near foot of hill. (∴ 226 beneath Down & 59 above Sir. J. Lubbocks gate)
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 22 October, 2025