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Feb. 10^th. [1835] Baldivia (1

"Corral Castle". The formation is schist varying much in its mineralogical nature: the most abundant is a slaty gneiss, where the pale feldspar occurs in distinct nodules or crystals in the layers of micaceous substance (2553). — it closely resembles the rock (a) of similar structure mentioned at Lowes Harbor. — By insensible passages, we have much black mica slate (2552), passing into a ampelite, as in to the Chonos Slate & some chloritic; both similar to what we have saw to the South. — The number of quartz veins is not here nearly so great in the latter district. —

The cleavage is well developed, but its direction not very constant ∴ near outer parts of harbor I recognized a westerly dip. — but near; but when near the castle the more usual one is about SW by S: (yes) there was some with directly opposite dip: — Indeed all the slate seems here to form parts of large curves, hence the irregularity. — In going to the Plaza I noticed a flat topped arch, for a considerable on each side of this, the laminae have a corresponding directly opposite dip. —

The angle is not large, generally about 15°, not Some higer & one place even 50° or 60°. —

These slate are capped. (as at P. Hechucucuy) by thick bed of a hardish conglomerate, formed of partly

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(a) This perhaps is the connecting link of between the mica slate of Chonos & Chiloe & the gneiss of Chili. —

The volcano of Villarica has its side inclined with the lower about 26°? — appear almost constantly in activity.

The whole coast between Chiloe & Baldivia appears to be of slates. with occasional coverings of tertiary strata: Inland the form equally points out the existence of both formations. — The height & general feature exactly resemble the inland parts of Chiloe. —

(Surly manner of the people)

Valdivia gneiss — auriferous

Few Less earthquakes. — Cudico Padre.¹ —

at least 8. volcanoes. —

(3. Principal one. Antuco, Villaried & Osorno —)

Variation 18° —

¹ Darwin wrote in the Beagle diary for 12 February 1835: "On account of the tired horse I determined to stop close by at the Mission of Cudico; to the Friar of which I had a letter of introduction. — Cudico is an intermediate district between the forest & the Llanos".