[5]

(2

remarkable, for nothing like them is known in any other animal. Their [illeg] use will be discussed when we treat of the digestive process. In the common earth-worm, the œsophagus is enlarged into a crop before it enters the gizzard. which which  is lined with a smooth, thick, tough chitinous membrane, The gizzard & if the the gizzard is surrounded by weak longitudinal very strong   & but by powerful very strong   transverse muscles, which Perrier saw in energetic action. The trituration of the food, as he remarks, this same substence (p. * must be chiefly effected by a ch this gizzard organ, as the worms have no jaws or teeth of any kind.   Grains of sand, or & small stones from the 1/20 to above 1/10 of an inch in diameter, may are  may generally be found in their gizzards Morren & the other hand, & intestines.* it As it is certain that worms often swallow many little stones, independently of those swallowed while they are excavating their

[5v]

3[illeg]

Sarothamnus

the three self-fertilised 11.83 inches in height; or as 100 to 63. In Pot. I, as we have seen, the It has already been shown that the three    crossed plants in Pot I had beaten the three self-fertilised plants to such an extent so completely, that any comparison between them was superfluous.

The winter of 1870-1871 was severe. In the spring, the three crossed plants in Pot II. had not even the tips of their shoots in the least injured; whereas all three self-fertilised plants were killed half-way down to the ground; proving & this shows how much more tender they were. In consequence not one of these latter plants bore a single flower in during the ensuing summer of 1871, whilst all three crossed plants flowered.

Ononis minutissima

This plant, of which seeds were sent me from N. Italy, produces, besides the ordinary papilionaceous flowers, minute, imperfect, closed or cleistogene flowers, which can only never be self cross-fertilised, but are highly self-fertile. Some of the perfect flowers were crossed with pollen from a distinct plant, and six capsules thus produced yielded on an average 3.66 seeds,