[1]

Reg. Nov. 21, 1901

Beagle Collection, being part of the collection made by C. Darwin Esq. during the voyage of the voyage of H.M.S. 'Beagle.'

The specimens were contained in four jars which had been in the Invertebrate store-room for many years, without proper labels. Many were in a state of maceration which made it impossible to keep them, and a list of the numbers of these specimens is given below. Those which were identified by the metal labels attached to the several specimens; these corresponded with the numbers in Mr Darwin's original MS catalogue, lent by Mr. F. Darwin in Nov. 1901.

A few references are added, in red ink, to the "Narrative of the Surveying Voyages … Adventure & Beagle", Vol. III, 1839 of which extracts are made on pp. 9-19. The references thus (V.250) are to the pages of Mr Darwin's MS Journal (lent by F. Darwin)

(for localities, see p. 7 end of list)

 

Extract from Mr Darwin's Catalogue	Number of specimens	Determination
MISCELLANEOUS)		(Put in separate bottles)
59. Containing Crustacea Echiura Sipunculus & white animal allied to it: Actinia. Fissurella. Chiton. W. of Quail Island (Porto Praya)}, Jan. 1832	1	Calcareous Sponge
	2	Actinians
	1	Eunicidae
	2	? Aspidosiphon
	1	? Echiuridae
	1	Ophiurid
	1	Holothurian
78. (The label was loose in the jar, but probably belonged to this set.) Echiura: snow white Asterias. Several Sipunculus. Chitons Porto Praya, Jan 1832	1	Phyllodocidae} in one
	1	Cirratulidae} bottle
	5	Sipunculidae
	1	Asterid
	2	Ophiurids
PORIFERA)
59 (W. of Quail Id, Jan. 1832 see above, "Miscellaneous")	1	Calcareous Sponge
68. (Tunicata) with a very strong & bad smell. W. of Quail Island, Porto Praya Jan. 25, 1832.	1	? Halisarca

 

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COELENTERATA)
59 (see above, Miscellaneous)	2	Actinians
960. Sertularia (2nd species) V.250} Santa Cruz, May, 1834		Sertularians
968. Sertularia = Clytia & Dynamena} V255. From rocky bottom, 8 fathoms off Sts of Magellan, May 1834		Sertularians
36. Actinia. tentacula & base scarlet red body dark arterial blood red: common Porto Praya, Jan. 22, 1832	1	Actinian
70. Actinia V.9.(a) St Jago Jan. 1832	1	Actinian
81. Actinia V.9(c) St Jago, Jan. 1832	1	Actinian
94. Actinia V.10(a) St Jago, 1832	1	Actinian
38. Lobularia, Actinia, Quail Island,		Zoanthid
Porto Praya, Jan. 1832.}		Actinians
1278. Actinia V.321. Galapagos Chatham 12, Sept. 1835}	1	Actinian
33. Lobularia. Porto Praya, Jan 1832		Zoanthid
67. Lobularia (?) polype with 15 inner & thicker tentacula & 15 outer & intermediate ones. Porto Praya, Jan 1832}		Zoanthid
1468. Associated Actinia. Very abundant forming layer on sandstone reef (also on coral reefs in Pacific) in small cavities and where most exposed- Pernambuco, 1836}		Zoanthid
129. Caryophyllia and upon them Pyrogoma St Jago Feb-Mar 1832}		Coenopsammia + Pyrogoma
99, 101. Caryophyllia yellow 99 with Pyrogoma. St Jago, Jan 1832 (V.10.d) 100, 102 Caryophyllia orange without young. St Jago, Jan 1832 128. Caryophyllia & upon them Pyrogoma. St Jago, Feb-March, 1832}		{(Dry, all in one box) {Coenopsammia {+ Pyrogoma

 

[3]

1306. Gorgonia. V.326. Galapagos Is, 1835		Gorgonia (purple)}
484. Acetabulum. Nov. & Dec. 1832. Monte Video		Renilla (much macerated)
1272. Fine orange Holothuria-formed animal: 1/2 smooth 1/2 with long Papillae: former half most brilliant Galapagos. Chatham Id, Sept, 1835}		Veretillidae ? Cavernularia
NEMATODA etc)
805. worms from the branchial of a Lota (Gadus) – Fairweather Banks Jan. 1834}	sev.
637. Gordius. muddy pool. Maldonado, May, 1833	1	Gordius
CHAETOGNATHA)
1480 (= 159). Animal described at P.2 – in great abundance 20 fathoms few miles W. of Abrolhos.}	sev.
HIRUDINEA)
1137. Hirudo V.309. Chonos Archipelago Jan. 1835}	6
POLYCHAETA
690 (691 in Catalogue) Aphrodita. Maldonado, May, June, 1833}	1	Aphrodite
59. (see above, Miscellaneous)	1	Eunicidae
78. (see above, Miscellaneous)}	1 1	Phyllodocidae} Cirratulidae} in one bottle
32. Nereis. Quail Island, (Porto Praya)} 1832	4	Amphinomidae.
1417. Nereis under stones; on the slightest touch, the hairs remain fast in a person's skin & thus cause considerable pain. Keeling Is, April 1835 (should be 1836)}	1	Amphinomidae.
42. Terebella. Small spongiform (?) masses white & brown with cylindrical tube Quail Island, Porto Praya, Jan 25, 1832}	1	Sabellidae

 

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121. Sabella. St Jago, 1832	1	? Terebellidae
GEPHYREA.)
58. Worm V.7.d. St Jago, Jan 1832	1	Sipunculid
78 (see above, Miscellaneous)	5	[do]
59. [do]	2	? Aspidosiphon
59. [do]	1	? Echiurid
CRUSTACEA) (Pyrogoma: See Coeleuterata, "Caryophyllia") V.12.a.
MOLLUSCA)
97. Bulla nitidula (V.7.c) St Jago, Jan. 1832	1	Bulla
p. 6. 28, 29, 30, 31. Aplysia V.14/c.) St Jago 1832 (to correspond with these numbers were found two specimens of Aplysia, one without any number, the other marked 27)	2	Aplysia
The following specimen is either 304, or 368 304: Loligo Lamarck. Rio de Janeiro, June 1832 From the description in the MS Journal, it is clear that it was not this specimen {363. Loligo V.90 Coast of Patagonia, 1832} 368. Loligo. Lat. 39° Long 61'W}	1	Sepiola
p. 6. 73. Octopus same as (50). St Jago, Jan 1832 50. Octopus V.(5) St Jago, Jan 1832 (The second specimen has no label, but is probably the No 50 alluded to under 73) (or) 122. Octopus St Jago, Feb-March 1832 same as 50.}	2	Octopus

 

[5]

Reg. Nov. 21, 1901

Beagle Collection (cont'd)

Extract from Mr Darwin's Catalogue	Number of specimens	Determination
POLYZOA (Many of these are in bad condition, and should probably be thrown away when they can be replaced by better specimens) * = all mounted
*352. One of them grows in rigid funnell-shaped pieces; the spines on its cells are of two sorts. One simple; the other long flexible with distant notches only visible with lens 1/4 in focal distance. Coast of Patagonia, Latitude 38°.20' (E. coast – really La Plata)} Aug. 26th 1832 – Sounding 14 fathoms}		Caberea rostrata, Busk Scrupocellaria
p. 260 *970. Crisia. V.266 Sts of Magellan May, 1834		Caberea minima, Busk (?)
886. Loricaria (?) V.226. Tierra del Fuego, March, 1834.}		{Menipea {Cellularia
355. Flustra (new genus) V.78. Coast of Patagonia, 1832		Bugula
p. 259 *920. Flustra with Vulture's heads. V.230. E. Falklands Is, March, 1834		{Beania costrata, Busk (Phil. Trans. vol 168, 1879, p. 195 pl. x, figs, 4, 5, 6. For the hooks on the operculum, see Jullieu, "Cap Horn", 1888, p. 73, 74, pl. x, figs. 6, 7, 8)
*874. flustra (with capsules) V.219 Tierra del Fuego, March, 1834}		{Schizoporella hyalina, var (= Escharina brongniartiana, D'Orb) Beania magellanica, Busk Tubulipora organisans, D'Orb
983. flustra. V.262. Port Famine 1834} The next belongs to one of the following		Membranipora membranacea, L.   Sertularian (with gonangia),
From Mr Darwin's MS notes (p. 56) it is clear that this specimen was not Na 282 but no reference could be found to 297 or 380 {282. Sertularia Tubularia & Amphiroa (1525) growing in great plenty Rio de Janeiro, June 1832. {297. Sertularia (?) Rio de Janeiro, June 1832 380 Dynamena (with its ovaries) (n) Bahia Blanca, Sept. 1832		on which were found Membranipora ornata, Busk Schizoporella hyalina

 

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*932. Flustra (with capsule 4th species) V.233. E. Falkland Is, April, 1834		Micropora uncifera, Busk
*930/ Hippothoa (Lam) allied to: but cells connected by long curved [brackets] (?). E. Falkland Is, Apr. 1834		Hippothoa
356 (the label was loose, but probably belonged to this specimen) Cellepora (?) V.77. Coast of Patagonia, 1832		Cellepora eatonensis, Busk
175. Tubipores 9?). Abrolhos, 29th March 1832. V.33		Idmonea milneana, D'Orb.
629. Zoophite (?) on beach. Maldonado May 1833		? [Alcyondum]
ECHINODERMATA)
78. (see above, Miscellaneous)	1	Asterid.
78. [do]	2	Ophiurids
59. [do]	1	Ophiurid
456. Ophiura (n) Bahia Blanca, Oct 1832 (The label was loose, but almost certainly belonged to this)	1	Ophiurid
981. Nereïdous animals & ophiura. Kelp Roots, Port Famine, 1834. (The worms were thrown away)	1	Ophiurid
1437. Ophiura, curious spines. Keeling Is, April, 1835 really 1836	1	Ophiurid
59. (see above, Miscellaneous)	1	Holothurians
69.Fistularia. V.8(b) St Jago, Jan 1832	1	Holothurians
89. Fistularia small. St Jago, 1832	1	Holothurians
90. Sipunculus (?) St Jago, 1832		Holothurians
63, 64. Fistularia V.7.(E) St Jago, Jan. 1832	2	Holothurians
74, 75. Fistularia. Porto Praya, Jan 1832	2	Holothurians

 

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1105. Holothuria like Doris, 13 fathoms C. Tres Montes, Archipelago of Chiloe 1834}	1	? Psolus
1097 Holothuria (Doris-like) V.283 Chonos Archipelago December, 1834	1	? Psolus
TUNICATA)
1165. Ascidia called Pense Sand beach at Cucao, Chiloe Jan. 1835	1	Simple Ascidian
83. Alcyonium V.9(d) St Jago, Jan 1832	1	Compound Ascidian
95. Turicata aggregate St Jago, 1832	1	Compound Ascidian
112 Pyrogoma St Jago, 1832	2	Pyrogoma

 

The following specimens were thrown away, as they were so much macerated that it was impossible to keep them, and in many cases the labels were detached from the specimens, so that it could not be ascertained which label belonged to which specimen: -

Nos. 4. 5. 9. 10. 11. 49. 66. 91. 96. 109. 155. 170. 265. 281. 310. 352. 353. 360. 364. 365. 405. 408. 413. 425. 438. 493. 495. 573. 586. 593. 597. 874. 890. 920. 930. 932. 970. 971. 1035. 1073. 1094. 1112. 1133. 1258. 1462. 1486.

Localities

Jan. 1832. Quail Island, Porto Praya & St Jago = C. Verde is

June 1832. Rio de Janeiro = Brazil

May, 1833 Maldonado = Uruguay

March, 1834 Tierra del Fuego

1834 Port Famine = Straits of Magellan.

Sept. 1832 Bahia Blanca = La Plata

Jan. 1834 Fairweather Banks probably Port E. Patagonia, S. of St Julian

May, 1834 Santa Cruz = E. Patagonia

Jan. 1835 Chonos Archipelago = W. Patagonia

April, 1835 Keeling Is (= Cocos Is) = Indian Ocean

1836 Pernambuco = Brazil

Sept. 1835 Galapagos Is.

 

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[9]

Reg. Nov. 21, 1901

Beagle Collection

Extracts from Mr Darwin's original MS (lent by F. Darwin), referring to the specimens kept in the Museum.

 

P. 2. (1480 = 159. "Animal described at P. 2) (Chaetognatha Jan. 11, 1832? – Pl. I. Fig: 1 – A very simple animal" A. nat. size: B magnified: - E Lat. 21°N about 7 or 8 bristles on each side of the head with which the animal frequently clasped its head: C. the head with the bristles folden over it: D: a granular substance ova (?).

 

P. 5. St Jago, Jan 28th 1832. Found amongst the rocks. West of Quail Island at low water an Octopus. When first discovered he was in a hole … As soon as I drove him from his den he shot with great rapidity across the pool … leaving in his train a large quantity of the ink … when in the water the animal was of a brownish purple, but immediately when on the beach the colour changed to a yellowish green … The general colour of animal was French grey with numerous spots of bright yellow. - the former of these colours varied in intensity. - the other entirely disappeared & then again returned. Over the whole body there were continually passing clouds, varying in colour … As seen under a lens these clouds consisted of minute points apparently

 

p. 6. injected with a coloured fluid … The edges of the sheath were orange. - this likewise varied its tint. - The animal seemed susceptible to small shocks of galvanism: contracting itself & the parts between the point of contact of wires, became almost black. - this in a lesser degree followed from scratching the animal with a needle. - The cups were in double rows on the arms & coloured reddish. The eye could be entirely closed by a circular eyelid. - the pupil was of a dark blue. - The animal was slightly phosphorescent at night.

(other specimens also described)

 

7.c – see next page

 

P. 7 (d) St Jago, Jan. 28, 1832. Worm (Gephyrea about 7 inches long body highly contractile, flattened, tail tapering. - light flesh coloured with about 20 reddish lines, running longitudinally but not quite continuously.

 

P. 7 (e) St Jago, Jan 28, 1832. Fistularia length 5-7 inches - cylindrical: lower part with 4 irregular rows of yellowish suckers. - back "umber brown."

 

[10]

with few papillæ. Tentacula white, surrounding mouth, about 25 or 26 in number. Tentacula, with round foot stalk. bush(?) shape at top: when expanded .3 in length. top .2 broard. - Body very muscular - with long irregular shaped ring round throat. - They are common beneath the rocks & appear to live on Terebella. - the sandy coats being in their stomachs.

 

8.b St Jago, Jan 30th 1832 (W) of Quail Island) - Fistularia length 9 cylindrical soft transparent "primrose yellow": above covered with paps beneath with suckers in 4 irregular rows: about mouth, about 15 "gamboge yellow" bush-like tentacula.

 

9.a. St Jago 1832. Actinia. short, height 3/4 breadth 3/4 - Tentacula numerous lengthened, pointed "wood brown" bottom do: sides smooth dark greenish black with on overlapping edges about 10 bright blue spots.

 

9.c St Jago 1832. Actinia 2 in height globular, bare grey fibrous sides, "smoke grey" streaks longitudinally, overlapping edges darker. - tentacula greenish grey dappled.

 

9.d St Jago 1832. Alcyonium. spherical with short footstalk, base flattened. wrinkled. - colour light "auricular purple". polypi darker.

 

10.a St Jago, 1832. Actinia. cylindrical, length 1 & 1/2 inches, breadth 1/2: base contracted: sides longitudinally streaked with white point on the line. - these are bigger & more numerous in the upper folding edges & with small intermediate ones. - disk large flat: tentacula not numerous. Body pale flesh colour, tentacula darker with paler bases. - The animal contracts body into a ring in any part of cylinder.

 

7.c Bulla like nitidula: shell with 2 reddish narrow lines following the whorls & sending out on each side alternate waving lines. - Animal transparent. edges of membranes with narrow border of yellow, then emerald green. - Membrane itself marked with white opake spots. St Jago. Jan. 28th, 1832.

 

10.d Caryophyllia. St Jago 1832. Found growing on the lower surface of rocks at low tide, 2 Caryophyllia differing chiefly in colour. The stony part in both is of an "Aurora red", but in the one the bark (?) & part of animal is of an (sic) brilliant "orpiment orange", in the other of a bright "Gamboge yellow": in no part was the difference of colour so striking as in the internal tube or lip: perhaps also the orange coloured one was more sluggish in its motion & its lip was more fleshy. - I found them twice united so close together that the internal stony parts were joined or grafted: Are they different species? (A long description follows)

 

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12.a. Pyrogoma On both Caryophyllia – St Jago, Feb. 3, 1832. (a long description follows)

 

14.c. Aplysia St Jago Feb. 1832 … Shell transparent, oval, slightly beaked, with one shoulder scalloped out. - length about 5 inches of a [in margin:] generally dirty "primrose yellow", traced with veins and rings of a purplish "umber brown" colour; about 10 rings in number on each side, 2 on head. - Anterior feelers white. - Operculum purplish with purple descending fold, with a mark on centre./ Foot of a darker yellow. - Stomach much contracted in centre, terminating in a sheath of muscles, round which are 7 to 10 pyramidal bits of semitransparent horn or teeth varying in size, one with another. Stomach contains a quantity of a delicate pink Fucus & small pebbles, which I suppose are used like those in birds gizzards; in

 

p. 15 the intestine, these appear to have been ground into sand. - These animals are very common, abounding amongst the stones at low water mark, especially where there is any mud … When disturbed they emitted from under operculum a great (3) quantity of a "Purplish red" fluid … when handled, the slime or purple caused a pricking sensation like the Physalia.

 

(b) Paper when stained with this beautiful colour after a few days changed into a dirty red)

 

P. 33. Tuliporèes (Lamouroux??) Abrolhos Islands, March 1832. (The description here given apparently refers to an Alcyonarian. The actual specimen when found in 1901 consisted of a macerated mass of tissue – doubtless the Alcyonarian – in which the Idmonea was embedded, and from which it was cleared by boiling in potash – S.F.H.)

 

P. 77. Coast of Patagonia. August 1832. Cellepora? August 26th Lat. 38°.20', Sounding 14 fathoms. Coral stony; brittle; branched; orange coloured white at tips of branches; stems composed of numerous irregular circular small tubes, the former cells of polype. - Surface rough with little transparent cones, obliquely truncate, open. (? the suboral rostra, with their avicularia S.F.H.) I never saw polype protrude from these. - but from regular minute circular apertures with no external rim. - Polype very numerous. - Tentacula 12 round the mouth seated on a tube;

 

P. 78 This is contained in a case: tubular with rather wider at mouth & protrudable. - Vide Pl 4: Fig: 3 …

 

P. 78 (Bugula S.F.H) Flustra. Habitat same as last (Cellepora): Coralline is closely allied to Flustra, but is a distinct & new genus. - Stem much & irregularly branched, flexible, about 2 inches high, coloured reddish. - Cells in 2, 3 or 4 rows according

 

[12]

78 (cont'd) to breadth of branch, opening on one side. - Cells applied rather obliquely so as not to form distinct lines. On the surface, when the cells open, they overlap each other. - The other & back side, smooth, channelled by as many lines as rows of cells: thus seen (Pt 4, fig. 4) the cells appear of the shape drawn at (k), each anteriorly ending in point: widest in middle. Seen on upper surface quadrangular & oblong: the anterior opening with a spine at each corner: - Polype with 16 approximate, long (length 1/40 of inch), curved tentacula, seated within a lip on the extensible tube or mouth. - When in inaction, this is withdrawn to nearly the base of cell. - I clearly saw at a spot where the tube & red intestine joined a sort of pulsation or rather a rapid revolution of small particles. - at the very base of cell, I saw in many a small mass of collected granules, which I suppose to be ovules. – But what renders this coralline singular is the occurrence on

 

P. 79 the edge of the cells of a peculiar organ. - In shape it curiously resembles the beak & head of a Vulture: is transparent, colourless, 1/75 of inch in length: is attached to the superior external edge of cell at its middle, by a short peduncle. - This peduncle appeared to communicate by a delicate tube to base of cell. - The head or capsule is connected to the peduncle at its superior base (above situation of neck in Vultures head). - The peduncle has great power of motion in a vertical direction (vertical being applied as to birds head). - Head empty oblong: upper mandible curved & much hooked at extremity; grooved within: lower mandible closely fitting to superior with sharp projecting tooth at extremity, which fits into superior mandible; has the power of being opened so far as to make straight line with the other: at the joint is semicircular opening, which appears to lead by delicate tube to the peduncle. The capsule (or head) lies close to the cell laterally (a) (a – I mean by laterally that the cheek of the head is applied to the side of cell: and that the mouth or lower mandible opens in opposite direction in the case mentioned below.) & rather obliquely in direction: its base is towards base of cell: with respect to the surface in which aperture of cells are, the beak opens in different ways. - generally towards the under or back surface; but I saw a branch in which on one side the upper mandible was upwards,

 

[13]

Beagle Collection Reg. Nov. 21, 1901

p. 79 (cont'd) on the other, downwards. - Each cell has a capsule, but with this remarkable difference that when there are more than two rows, the central

p. 80 ones have a capsule not more than 1/4th the size of the external ones. - Moreover the terminal cells in which the Polype are colourless have not them? - Pl: 4. Fig 5: represents one … Fig 6 represents the mouth wide open so that the peduncle is not seen. - F is the semicircular opening or gullet at base of upper mandible.

When the Coralline is in water, whether the Polype is within or out of cell, the capsule generally is wide open (as in Fig. 6) & the whole head on peduncle turns backwards & forwards, vertically going through at least 90°. - They perform the whole motion in about 5" seconds. - Most of the capsules perform it isochronously. - Occasionally they close for an instant the lower mandible. - In a small branch so many capsules moving caused in it a trembling. - A point of needle being inserted within the jaws was always seized so fast, as to be able to drag small branch. - The motion in these became fainter, as the Polype lost strength. - Polype, although so irritable of motion, took no notice of the motion of capsule. - What office does this organ perform? It would appear superfluous for same animal to possess tentacula & another organ for seizing its prey. (a) (a - and the absence of communication with intestinal tube.

 

p. 81 Although its movements with the needle would indicate this. - In all probability by its motion a stream of water might be forced into base of cell. Can it have any relation with respiration (a) (a -The regularity of movement, & independence of the position of polype favours this idea) & the revolution of particles (above mentioned) with circulation. It is difficult to believe in so complicated organization. - As far as regards generation (which is the last resource in all puzzling cases) what utility can so complicated an organ? How different from the simple vesicles in other Zoophites. - Assuredly at base of cell there was an appearance of ball of ova. I am quite at a loss from the want of all analogy. - But in any of these cases, how can it be explained that the old central cells have such small & comparatively speaking inefficient ones.

 

[14]

(Beania magellanica – (S.F.H.))

p. 219 Flustra (with moving beak) (874)

March 1st 1834, Tierra del Fuego. - East entrance of Beagle Channel: adhering to sorts (roots?) of Fucus G: - I shall generally only mention those parts which are not preservable. - Cells spindle shaped. placed in straight rows each cell - adhering laterally by 4 supports to others, forming a most elegant network. – etc etc. Polypus, with 26 arms which are very nearly length of whole cell. - These rest on an inverted cone (Pl. 8 fig. 3). this cone acts as a mouth a central vessel or opening may be seen closing, with a peristaltic motion; this again joins to a slight enlargement of the main red viscus. (a long description of the alimentary canal

 

p. 220 follows, with allusions to figures) … the mouth of the cell is composed of a moveable arched lip (like lower jaw of a bull-dog) … This Coralline is extraordinary from the presence of capsules resembling vulture heads, noticed in another coralline of the same family (P 78). - Each cell has two, seated at its anterior end, just above where the two upper brakets [sic] go off to connect the lateral cells. These capsules have a peduncle, with basal articulation: when at rest, they lie obliquely so as almost to meet at the very extremity of cell. - The peduncle is capable of being moved upwards and towards the base and nearly through 180 degrees; the

 

p. 221 lower mandible (keeping up simile with Vulture head but really superior) is kept wide open, so as to form a straight line with the upper one: it is occasionally closed, but not kept so; this motion is more frequent than that of the whole peduncle; both are rapid; chiefly take place when irritated by being touched, or fresh water: the mandibles firmly hold on to a needle: I never saw both capsules move at once, or any isochronism between different cells, excepting when affected together by fresh water or other cause. - There was an appearance of gullet at base of mandibles, but I could trace no vessel or communication with cell. - (this can be investigated in the spirit specimens) … There is another curious organ; In any row, the base of one cell is contracted & cylindrical & unites itself to the posterior one beneath the mouth. - Posterior to this point of junction, the greater number of cells have a thick, transparent, flexible, straight (?), cylindrical vessel, projecting out, - it bends at right

 

[15]

angles close to cell, & then continues parallel & beneath the row of cells; it is 3 or 4 times longer than cell, so as to project beyond the edges of Coralline the extremity is rounded & impervious; it appears to me these stalks form a trellis work for the cells to lie & perhaps also as means of attachment. (After observations on the development of new zooecia & polypides the journal proceeds as follows:-)

 

p. 222 Before the arms of Polypus are complete & before any red viscera can be seen, the moving capsules are perfect. ... In some of the central & therefore old cells, I noticed (but did not examine sufficiently), a young Polypus - as at (F6), anterior to which was a shrunk dark red viscus with central ball: it appeared as if the old Polypus had died (or produced an ovum) & a young one took its place in the cell. I could see no reproductive ovules.

 

p. 226. (Cellaria or Loricaria/ 885)

Tierra del Fuego March 1834. Ponsonby (?) Sound. - growing in small flesh-colored tufts on the leaves of the Fucus giganteus: Polypier brittle very thin; each cell has its face excised by a shield shaped piece of thin membrane which extends 3/4 length of cell; the separation between the cells is of a soft nature &c &c &c. - Polypus 16 arms: in the young terminal, cells

are seen pursed

 

p 227 up in a sack, as represented in Flustra (Pl. 8, F6). - Body essentially same as in encrusting Flustra (P. 223 Pl: 9) … On the same Fucus leaves there was another Cellaria, closely allied but I believe a different species. - (886).

 

p. 230 Flustra with moving beak 920}

E. Falkland islands March, 1834 (Beania costata, (S.F.H.)) (or rather Cellaria – Is allied to that of page 219 but differs in many remarkable respects. - Polypus with 20 arm body with essentially the same structure: Each cell has one lateral capsule, these are squarer, or shorter footstalk, at hinge of lower jaw an excisement; it is very remarkable; although the Polypi were active I never could perceive the slightest motion in these beaks; again all the beaks were tightly closed: in these respects diametrically different from the two kinds: that the beaks are opened is certain, because I saw a fibre in one of them had been firmly caught & held. Mouth of cell

 

p. 231 I believe labiate, protected by four spines: on each side of cell there is a straight line of short curved spines (like teeth of comb), there are 12 or 13 on each row, the points interfold & overlap in middle of front of cell. - These teeth

 

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are not very regular in their shape; often forked; extremities pointed: in young cell are blunt: give very curious ribbed appearance to cell: must form protection to it. - Each one can with a needle be moved separately: at back of cell there is a branch or vessel as at (P219) but in this case is terminated by root for attachment; resembling the root in miniature of (Fucus) F. giganteus. - This proves that the simple organ in other kind was, as I supposed for this end. - There the attachment is much slighter, growing in irregular patches, edges free. - Here in circular patches much more firmly fixed to leaf of Fucus. - The cells are more adnate: the basal brackets are shorter than the anterior grow as before from the back part of inferior one these brackets seem to be divided in middle. I could only trace a connexion of the capsule, root & brackets with the polypier & not body of polypus. - The young terminal cells grow as in other; arms of polypus in case, beak & brackets knobs etc etc. - In many of the basal (∴ old) cells have a large dark oval organ in oval transparent case, close to which is a revolving organ: nothing else is clearly distinguishable: but I believe it to be a highly developed Liver for an immature Polypus. Young terminal cells have it not so much developed, or regular cells: what causes the absence of Polypus in these cells? - Is it connected with generation? This family of Flustræ is most truly remarkable.

 

(p. 233 See below (p. 19))

 

p. 250 Sertu. Clytia 3rd species 960. – Coast of Patagonia, May 1834. Coralline pale yellow; much branched, generally in regular alternations; tufts inch & 1/2 high … none or very few basal false articulations: many on branches …

 

p. 255, Sertularia, Clytia 968 – Coast of Patagonia, May 1834. Corallines white, branches proceeding from long straight creeping stems: cells only on one side: False articulations at base of stem or tuft, at branches & in stem. - Polypus had 26 short arms on wide ring etc etc. (if not 26, there were 24) …

 

p. 255 Crisia (?) Lamx 970. P. 13. Fig. 4. (Caberea S.F.H.) 10 fathoms. – off C. Virgins. – Coloured "tile with little vermilion R." The structure of the Polypier is complicated; I have but very roughly examined it: cells alternate, opening on one side: (A) represents this; (B) the ovary's; between which are the orifices of cells, irregularly semilunar protected by an inclined plate; within this a short truncate spine (F): the divisions of cells are but little shown, at the point there arises, a long moveable

 

p. 256 (Coast of Patagonia May 1834) bristle which will be particularly described. (L) the back view shows these bristles & the cells divided by a double line, (which

 

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Reg. Nov. 21, 1901

Beagle Collection

I believe is tubular). The Polypus lies at the bottom: at the back there are ligamentous bands, which I believe are connected with the roots - The young terminal cells have on external angle two obtuse spines, internal angle one, & between them (2).- … The external ones spring from just above & upon the plate which protects the mouth. The ovary (= ovicell) lies directly over the basal parts of the anterior cell … (Description of polypide: - with marginal note "Common character of structure of what I call Flustraceae excepting No of arms") The polypus has 12 arms … The extraordinary organ the bristle is drawn up at (H). It is about 1/20th" long; arched, serrated on outer margin, supported on basal concave side by ridge: connected to its cell by a hinge, & has a membranous

 

p. 257 appendage or vessel (K) leading into cell or polypier: These bristles stand out at right angles, on the outer edge of the alternate cells: I was perfectly astonished, when I first saw every bristle in one branch, suddenly with great rapidity, collapse together on the branch & one after the other (apparently their elasticity) regain their places. Directly other branches commenced, till the whole Coralline, driven by these long oars, started from side to side on the object glass. - the motion of the Coralline & the setæ was visible to the naked eye: a bit of Coralline being dried on blotting paper, yet for a short time in the air moved its bristles. - Irritation would almost always cause the movement in a branch, & when one branch began, generally the others followed. - They likewise moved (even after being kept a day) spontaneously. - Any one bristle being forcibly moved, re-took its position & would move by itself. - The Coralline placed on its face entangled must entangle the bristles, they often made violent efforts to free themselves: Generally the bristles on each side of a branch moved together, but one side sometimes would remain collapsed for a longer time than another: this generally was only a second or two. - The bristle was never depressed much below the rt angle: when collapsed on branch the concave & smooth side was on the branch. (& in the extreme cells, the bristles were mingled with the spines. - A bristle, when detached, never moved, the power must lie in the hinge. - Polypus sometimes protrudes its arms during the motion of

 

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p. 258 the bristles. - The above facts are very important as showing a co-sensation & a co-will over whole Coralline. - I think the bristle is not directly connected with the Polypus. - What is its use? - As the serrated edge is external it an cannot be to collect food: as the motion is most vigorous & necessarily first towards the branch, it cannot be to drive away enemies or impurities. - The motion must cause currents. - Does it give warning to the Polypus that danger is at hand? When collapsed it does not protect mouth of cell. (Description of larva follows)

 

p. 262 Flustra encrusting Pl. 13. F. 6. 983 – Port Famine, June 1834.

(Membranipora membranacea – S.F.H.) – (Description of polypide). Polypus has 16 tentacular … Flustra exceedingly abundant coating the Fucus giganteus.

 

p. 283 Chiloe, December 1834. Holothuria = Doris 1097. Adhering to a stone in 16 fathom water, near islands of Huafo. – an animal allied to the Holothuria (Doris-like) described p. 215. Length 4: elongated oval: snail shaped upper surface slightly convex covered with minute stony points, sides protected by four or five rows of scales.

 

p. 284 (long description follows) Color "Flesh red."

 

p. 309 Chonos Archipelago Jan. 1835. Hirudo 1137. Jan 10th Lowes Harbor – These leeches bite peoples legs even when wearing boots & are excessively abundant in some long grass near to beach. – When placed in a bottle with water carefully carefully adhered to dry parts:- … three jaws … on the superior lip there are 10 black spots; these are not homogenious [sic] but have small transparent apertures through them)

[sketch]

 

p. 310 Skin strong leathery, with strong marked regular equidistant concentric segments: each of these segments is mamillated with small points. - There are also less marked longitudinal lines; hence the tegument is divided into squares (like back of Armadillo): general appearance rough more like that of Pontobdella muricata. - Under surface blackish brown, on each side a pale yellowish brown longitudinal band. - above figured with three shades of brown. … are a great pest. … The cause of its strange terrestrial habitat must be the dampness of the climate & forests.

 

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p. 321 Actinia 1278} Galapagos Isd. Chatham Isd. Sept. 1835. Body cylindrical much elongated, loosely attached to broken fragments of shells, & buried deeply in tidal sand. - When mouth is retracted, quite cylindrical, 2-5 inches long. Color uniform most beautiful "Lake Red". - When flower is expanded, body slightly conical: 3 inches long. Flower flat, fleshy, 2 inches

 

p. 322 in diameter. - snow white. - mouth in centre, lips pale brown. - From this to circumference, flower obscurely radiated into narrow divisions. These studded with small short papillæ. - Beneath the flower there is a collar: obscurely longitudinally lobed. - This forms division from the body. Mouth … Its brown color is joined to the white of flower by serrated edges. … Whole animal most beautiful.

 

p. 326 Gorgonia (1306) Galapagos Isds 1835. Growing just below low water mark: color of back fine "purplish R". orifice of cell lined yellow (long description follows)

 

p. 327 The polypiferous tube is coloured yellow, can securely be retracted within the orifice of cell. – (long description follows) –

 

p. 233 Flustra with capsule 932 4th species. E. Falkland Isds, April, 1834. (Micropora uncifera, Busk S.F.H.). Cells pear-shaped encrusting; placed without order at base of cell there is a fixed "vultures head" (of less regular form than hitherto): the lower beak or jaw is generally open & but rarely closed itself, excepting when touched & then it firmly seizes the object. - I believe there is a membranous valve to the orifice. - Polypus with 14 or 16 arms). There is a human-ear-shaped indentation or orifice on each side of cell. - Upper rim of mouth transversely ribbed. Body of Polypus same general structure as in the family. - This Coralline in the simplicity of its structure: fewness of arms of Polypus fixed "vultures head" evidently approaches to the common encrusting Flustræ. - Grows on a smooth leaved Fucus.

 

(N.B. No reference was found in the MS Journal to the Onychoteuthis (No. I. 23,640) in the Museum)

 

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