F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

its parent to receive the regurgitated food.4 The case of the American ostrich (Rhea americana) is somewhat analogous to that of the Cuckoo. I have/83/elsewheres shown, that four or five hens unite together lay from 20 or 30 up to even 70 eggs first in one nest then in a second nest so on; that 1 Montagu Ornith. Diet. Rennie Edit. p. 161. 2 See Jenner's celebrated paper in Philosoph. Transactions 1788. p. 226. Macgillivray in his British Birds vol. 3. p 115 gives the fullest account of the habits

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

a hen bird over four years old to a male Gold-finch, as there would be no hope of produce. On the other hand more hybrids can be raised from between pheasants common Hens, in their second year than in their first:6 /84 v/Mr. Hewitt tells me that eggs from these two birds, laid later than April May, invariably failed to produce chickens./84/So again a Canada goose crossed by a Bernicle gander7 for the two first years laid barren eggs, but in the third two young were hatched out of seven eggs. In

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

seem so much impaired as with plants. The frequency [of] several cases of very young hybrids being difficult to rear of the first-laid eggs being addled perhaps indicates that the fewness of the progeny is in largegt; part due to the deaths of the embryos at an early age. With animals, it is difficult to decide whether in first crosses as with plants there is much or any unequal reciprocity, for here instinct comes into play. The reason why male Fringillidae alone are generally paired with

F1583    Book:     Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

in sheltered situations./71/Jesse describes a Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) which built its nest on an inclined/72/surface in a turret, reared up a perpendicular stack of sticks ten feet in height, a labour of seventeen days: families of this bird, I may add (White's Selbourne Letter 21) have been known regularly to build in rabbit-burrows. Numerous analogous facts could be given. The Water-hen (Gallinula chloropus) is said usually to cover her eggs when she leaves her nest, but in one protected

A255    Periodical contribution:     Lewes, George Henry. 1856. Hereditary influence, animal and human. Westminster Review 66 (July): 135-62.   Text   Image

. Orton adds the following of his own. He placed a Cochin cock with his common hens: Reasoning that if the vital organs were due to the female, them the cross between these birds (being externally Cochins and internally common hens) should lay white eggs, the secretion of the egg being a vital function. You known that the Cochin lays a chocolate-coloured egg. The half-breed did what theory said they should do laid white eggs; and not only white eggs, but eggs also which, on the evidence of myself

PC-Virginia-Francis-F373    Printed:    1859   On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. [Francis Darwin's copy]  London   Text   Image   PDF

, unite and lay first a few eggs in one nest and then in another; and these are hatched by the males. This instinct may probably be accounted for by the fact of the hens laying a large number of eggs; but, as in the case of the cuckoo, at intervals of two or three days. This instinct, however, of the American ostrich has not as yet been perfected; for a surprising number of eggs lie strewed over the plains, so that in one day's hunting I picked up no less than twenty lost and wasted eggs. Many bees

F380    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. New York: D. Appleton. New edition, revised and augmented.   Text   Image   PDF

liar manner as does our British thrush: how it is that the Hornbills of Africa and India, though belonging to allied but distinct genera, have the same extraordinary instinct of plastering up and imprisoning their hens whilst sitting on their eggs in a hole in a tree, with only a small hole left in the plaster, through which the males feed the hens and the young when hatched: how it is that the male wrens (Troglodytes) of North America, build cock-nests, to roost in, like the males of our

F20    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.   Text   Image   PDF

very long. Azara states, that a female in a state of domestication laid seventeen eggs, each at the interval of three days one from another. If the hen was obliged to hatch her own eggs, before the last was laid the first probably would be addled; but if each laid a few eggs at successive periods, in different nests, and several hens, as is stated to be the case, combined together, then the eggs in one collection would be nearly of the same age. If the number of eggs in one of these nests is, as I

F376    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1860. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 2d ed., second issue.   Text   Image   PDF

and lay first a few eggs in one nest and then in another; and these are hatched by the males. This instinct may probably be accounted for by the fact of the hens laying a large number of eggs; but, as in the case of the cuckoo, at intervals of two or three days. This instinct, however, of the American ostrich has not as yet been perfected; for a surprising number of eggs lie strewed over the plains, so that in one days hunting I picked up no less than twenty lost and wasted eggs. Many bees are

A48    Review:     [Duns, John]. 1860. [Review of] On the Origin of species. North British Review. 32 (May): 455-486.   Text   Image   PDF

field for the discrimination of natural selection. In our Department, wrote the author of the Trait du Physique et du Moral de l' Homme, in 1802, when sitting hens are scarce, there is a peculiar custom. A young cock is taken, the plumage is plucked from his breast and belly, rubbed with nettles and vinegar; and while thus irritated, the capon is placed on eggs. He remains on them at first to soothe the irritation. Soon agreeable impressions are begotten, which attach him to the eggs until they

F381    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1861. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 3d ed. Seventh thousand.   Text   Image   PDF

of the hens laying a large number of eggs; but, as in the case of the cuckoo, at intervals of two or three days. This instinct, however, of the American ostrich has not as yet been perfected; for a surprising number of eggs lie strewed over the plains, so that in one day's hunting I picked up no less than twenty lost and wasted eggs. Many bees are parasitic, and always lay their eggs in the nests of bees of other kinds. This case is more remarkable than that of the cuckoo; for these bees have

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, certainly lay larger eggs than buff Cochins. The eggs, however, of the different breeds vary considerably in character; for instance, Mr. Ballance states37 that his Malay pullets of last year laid eggs equal in size to those of any duck, and other Malay hens, two or three years old, laid eggs very little larger than a good-sized Bantam's egg. Some were as white as a Spanish hen's egg, and others varied from a light cream-colour to a deep rich buff, or even to a brown. The shape also varies, the two

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

appeared to afford a well-marked exception to the foregoing rule; but one of these hens, the only one which was preserved, in the third year sat well on her eggs and reared a brood of chickens. So that here we have the appearance with advancing age of a primitive instinct, in the same manner as we have seen that the red plumage of the Gallus bankiva is sometimes reacquired by crossed and purely-bred fowls of various kinds as they grow old. The parents of all our domesticated animals were of course

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

hens are excellent layers, but are apt to disturb and break their eggs owing to their spurs. Mr. Layard57 has given an account of a breed of fowls in Ceylon with black skin, bones, and wattle, but with ordinary feathers, and which cannot be more aptly described than by comparing them to a white fowl drawn down a sooty chimney; it is, however, adds Mr. Layard, a remarkable fact that a male bird of the pure sooty variety is almost as rare as a tortoise-shell tom-cat. Mr. Blyth finds that the same

F879.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

unsatisfactory. 1. GAME BREED. This may be considered as the typical breed, as it deviates only slightly from the wild Gallus bankiva, or, as perhaps more correctly named, ferrugineus. Beak strong; comb single and upright. Spurs long and sharp. Feathers closely adpressed to the body. Tail with the normal number of 14 feathers. Eggs often pale-buff. Disposition indomitably courageous, exhibited even in the hens and chickens. An unusual number of differently coloured varieties exist, such as black

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

in any domestic breed.13 This species also differs greatly from the common fowl, in the comb being finely serrated, and in the loins being destitute of true hackles. Its voice is utterly different. It crosses readily in India with domestic hens; and Mr. Blyth14 raised nearly 100 hybrid chickens; but they were tender and mostly died whilst young. Those which were reared were absolutely sterile when crossed inter se or with either parent. At the Zoological Gardens, however, some hybrids of the

F878.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

in any domestic breed.13 This species also differs greatly from the common fowl, in the comb being finely serrated, and in the loins being destitute of true hackles. Its voice is utterly different. It crosses readily in India with domestic hens; and Mr. Blyth14 raised nearly 100 hybrid chickens; but they were tender and mostly died whilst young. Those which were reared were absolutely sterile when crossed inter se or with either parent. At the Zoological Gardens, however, some hybrids of the

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

indomitably courageous, exhibited even in the hens and chickens. An unusual number of differently coloured varieties exist, such as black and brown-breasted reds, duckwings, blacks, whites, piles, c., with their legs of various colours. 2. MALAY BREED.—Body of great size, with head, neck, and legs elongated; carriage erect; tail small, sloping downwards, generally formed of 16 feathers; comb and wattle small; ear-lobe and face red; skin yellowish; feathers closely adpressed to the body; neck

F877.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

fowls, and with some other less common breeds, I have never heard of a black-breasted red bird having appeared. From my experience with pigeons, I made the following crosses. I first killed all my own poultry, no others living near my house, and then procured, by Mr. Tegetmeier's assistance, a first-rate black Spanish cock, and hens of the following pure breeds,—white Game, white Cochin, silver-spangled Polish, silver-spangled Hamburgh, silver-pencilled Hamburgh, and white Silk. In none of these

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

again; the comb, wattles, and spurs do not grow to their full size, and the hackles assume an intermediate appearance between true hackles and the feathers of the hen. Cases are recorded of confinement alone causing analogous results. But characters properly confined to the female are likewise acquired; the capon takes to sitting on eggs, and will bring up chickens; and what is more curious, the utterly sterile male hybrids from the pheasant and the fowl act in the same manner, their delight

F878.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., second issue. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

America, and which differs specifically, as it is generally thought, from the common wild species of the United States. Some naturalists, however, think that these two forms should be ranked only as well-marked geographical races. However this may be, the case deserves notice because in the United States wild male turkeys sometimes court the domestic hens, which are descended from the Mexican form, and are generally received by them with great pleasure. 36 Several accounts have likewise been

F879.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

less common breeds, I have never heard of a black-breasted red bird having appeared. From my experience with pigeons, I made the following crosses. I first killed all my own poultry, no others living near my house, and then procured, by Mr. Tegetmeiers assistance, a first-rate black Spanish cock, and hens of the following pure breeds, white Game, white Cochin, silver-spangled Polish, silver-spangled Hamburgh, silver-pencilled Hamburgh, and white Silk. In none of these breeds is there a trace

F879.1    Book:     Darwin, C. R. [1868]. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. With a preface by Asa Gray. New York: Orange Judd and Co. vol. 1.   Text   Image   PDF

United States wild male turkeys sometimes court the domestic hens, which are descended from the Mexican form, and are generally received by them with great pleasure. 36 Several accounts have likewise been published of young birds, reared in the United States from the eggs of the wild species, crossing and commingling with the common breed. In England, also, this same species has been kept in several paprks; from two of which the Rev. W. D. Fox procured birds, and they crossed freely with the

F877.2    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. 1st ed., first issue. vol. 2.   Text   Image   PDF

ARNI. BARB. —————————————————————————————— ARNI, domestication of the, i. 82. ARREST of development, ii. 315-318. ARTERIES, increase of anastomosing branches of, when tied, ii. 230. ARU islands, wild pig of, i. 67. ARUM, Polynesian varieties of, ii. 256. Ascaris, number of eggs of, ii. 379. ASH, varieties of the, i. 360; weeping, i. 361; simple-leaved, i. 362; bud-variation in, i. 382; effects of graft upon the stock in the, i. 394; production of the blotched Breadalbane, ibid.; weeping

F387    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1869. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 5th ed. Tenth thousand.   Text   Image   PDF

eggs in one nest and then in another; and these are hatched by the males. This instinct may probably be accounted for by the fact of the hens laying a large number of eggs, but, as in the case of the cuckoo, at intervals of two or three days. The instinct, however, of the American ostrich has not as yet been perfected; for a surprising number of eggs lie strewed over the plains, so that in one days hunting I picked up no less than twenty lost and wasted eggs. Many bees are parasitic, and regularly