CUL-DAR209.3.241    Note:    [ny][.05].28.--[.05].29   Nephrodium molle   Text   Image

moved more in HotHouse. See Tracing Traced from 9° 15' a.m on 28th to 9° a.m on 29th. — The movement until 10.30 or 12° 30' probably due to disturbance of plant. There can be no doubt circumnutates largely, for frond not distant from vertical glass. [Movement in plants, p. 257: Nephrodium molle: circumnutation of rachis, traced from 9.15 A.M. May 28th to 9 A.M. 29th. Figure here given two-thirds of original scale

CUL-DAR75.101-109    Abstract:    [1809--1882.04.00]   [index to references concerning] `Ch 5 Intercrossing & Sterility'   Text   Image

I p. 64. Dichogamy in [illeg] , good in comparison with plants. do do do p. 224 Huxley on Dichogamy in Pyrosoma do do Part II p. 350 Cobbold on rare case of [illeg] Flakes in copulation Linn. Journal vo. VI. no 22 p. 71 on comingling blending of Rats. Gardeners' Ch. 1861 p 552 my paper on Vinca [Darwin, C. R. 1861. Fertilisation of Vincas. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette no. 24 (15 June): 552.] Cottage Gardener (7 y rule) (11) 244 on crossing plants in Hothouse by branch in place

CUL-DAR74.55-64,66-103    Abstract:    [Undated]   19 / [reference incomplete] `Horticultural Transactions'   Text   Image

(47) Vol. 6th were brought into natural juxtaposition - this is unfavourable to my view - Would this happen in wild plants we know that coucumbers (? in frame or open) require artificial impregnation which would not be so in nature. The grape being trained would prevent motion. Mr Ross observes (p. 120) that in the hothouse, the branches of flowers should be occasionally shaken over those, which it is wanted to fertilize p. 133 Mr A. Matthews paper on Endives: the Cichorium Endivia is said to

CUL-DAR157.2.1    Note:    [ny].04.30--[ny].05.25   Ec[c]remocarpus placed in hothouse / against sun   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [1] Ecremocarpus placed in hothouse Ap. 30 against sun — (2° 13' small imperfect circle May 5— 3°— 15' (Tendril began to move 10' after stick put May 23— 1° 55' 23— 1° 13' a good circle large = Shoot stood still about 18°= 24th— 2° 45' 24th.— 1°— 38' 25th went in so crooked a course no circles cd be marke

A749    Beagle Library:     Buch, Leopold von. 1813. Travels through Norway and Lapland during the years 1806, 1807 and 1808. Translated by John Black. With notes by R. Jameson. London: Henry Colburn.   Text

four or five hours in the middle of the day, which we had here, is a degree of heat in spring which is not given to every island. The flat part of the island lies like a hothouse before the Fieldt, which defends it from the north and east. In such a situation it appeared surprising to us that the Gaard only maintained thirty cows, fifty sheep, and one hundred goats. What the few boors maintain, who also live on the island, is hardly * Lur e Gaard Barom. 28. 0. 2. Therm, 10 R. h. 8. p. m. Lur e

A761.08    Beagle Library:     Cuvier, Georges. 1827-35. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. With additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith and others. 16 vols. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. vol. 8: Aves (3).   Text

, and opening into a room which this wall separated from the dunghill. Little chariots, on casters, were passed through this aperture, containing the eggs. In these horizontal boxes, and also in the vertically placed casks, he held thermometers, to judge of the temperature which reigned there, and to ascertain if it was necessary to raise or lower it. The second method converted either into a sort of hothouse the place above those ovens that are continually em VOL. VIII. P [page] 21

CUL-DAR125.-    Note:    1838   Notebook M: [Metaphysics on morals and speculations on expression]   Text   Image

smells peppermint music.— Have monkeys lice? — picture.— Do female monkeys not show signs of impatience when woman present? Do they pout, or spit, or cry.— fe Shame, independent of fear: colour of bare nails —, of eyes.— Do female monkeys care for men.— Have we any ferns in the hothouse at home [inside back cover

F10.3    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.   Text   Image   PDF

or so rich, and hence the rays of the declining sun, tinged of a red, purple, or yellow colour, add most to the beauties of the scenery of those climes. When quietly walking along the shady pathways, and admiring each successive view, one wishes to find language to express one's ideas. Epithet after epithet is found too weak to convey to those, who have not visited the intertropical regions, the sensation of delight which the mind experiences. I have said the plants in a hothouse fail to

F10.3    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1839. Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832-1836. London: Henry Colburn.   Text   Image   PDF

of objects, and mentioning some characteristic feature of each. To a learned traveller, this possibly may communicate some definite ideas: but who else from seeing a plant in an herbarium can imagine its appearance when growing in its native soil? Who from seeing choice plants in a hothouse can magnify some into the dimensions of forest trees, and crowd others into an entangled jungle? Who when examining in the cabinet of the entomologist the gay exotic butterflies, and singular cicadas, will

A585    Book:     Lindley, John. 1840. The theory of horticulture; or, an attempt to explain the principal operations of gardening upon physiological principles. London: Longman.   Text   Image

leaves, and increases the disposition to flower. Another object is, to effect a secure and constant drainage from roots of water; a third is, to expose the roots to the most favourable amount of bottom heat, which cannot be readily accomplished when plants of large size are made to grow in the ground even of a hothouse; and, finally, it is a convenient process for the nourishment of delicate seedlings. Unless some one of these ends is to be [page] 282 APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES

CUL-DAR50.E10    Note:    1845.11.00   The number of Spiders & ants in one Hothouse shows what a power of   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [E10] The number of Spiders ants in our Hothouse show what a power of adaptation to climate these insects here. Nov. /45/ Glacial But so they Breed

CUL-DAR209.4.367    Note:    [ny].01.20--[ny].01.21   Ricinus / Proof sheet of Cross and self fertilisation.   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [367] Light [Figure] The movement on the 20th was transverse to cotyledon. Right off glass owing to the knuckle arc unbending in this direction Ricinus hothouse darkened all round ie light vertical magnified 30 to 50 times. [sketch] Glass-filament fixed near top of knuckle This arc was above ground [367v

CUL-DAR209.4.303    Note:    [ny].02.20--[ny].02.22   Orange   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [303] Feb 20 Orange Young plant measuring on the morning of Feb 22 15 mm .59 inch in height—Horizontal glass filament paper mark; Horizontal glass supported over the place in Hothouse blackened by rugs, little tin cylinder round plant magnifying power l varied owing to growth: On Feb 21 at 10.5 AM magnifying power was 21, it was then increased to 36 Feb 20 [timing of observations not transcribed] Feb 21 [timing of observations not transcribed] Feb 22

CUL-DAR157.1.27    Note:    [ny].03.28--[ny].03.29   Stauntonia latifolia — Hothouse properly Greenhouse plant / against sun   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [27] Stauntonia latifolia — Hothouse properly Greenhouse plant. against sun. Mar. 28 3°. 30' 29 3°. 45 [Climbing plants, p. 15

CUL-DAR157.1.21    Note:    [ny].05.24--[ny].05.27   Ruscus androgynus placed in Hothouse   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [22] Ruscus androgynus placed in Hothouse against sun May 24 6° — 14' shoot very young 25 2° — 21' 25 3° — 37' 25 3° — 22' 26 2° — 50' 27 3° — 52' 27 4° — 11' [Climbing plants, p. 14

F3689    Book contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1972. [Letters to Frederick Smith, 19 June [1861], ? 24 June [1877] and F. W. Surman, 22 December 1881]. Sotheby & Co. Catalogue of valuable printed books. 24-25 July. London.   Text

19th Wednesday , to a naturalist, declaring that the pollen-masses in question certainly belong to a British orchid, and specifying its botanical group with equal certainty, remarking It would be worth knowing whether the Bee was caught very far from a hothouse , and doubting whether a pollen-wasp is involved ( . . . else I shd. so much like to see it ), and making suggestions for investigatio

CUL-DAR157.1.103    Note:    [1862].04.14--[1862].06.15   Solanum jasminoides Greenhouse moves against sun   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [103] Solanum jasminoides Greenhouse an upright bush. with thin twigs Moves against sun. — sometime stood still or moved but little Ap. 4. 3° 35' — 3° 10' Ap 6 3° 45' — 3° 15' 3°. 26' [calculations not transcribed] June 15th Plant put into Hothouse a good-sized leaf well caught vertical stick in 7°. In greenhouse movements extremely slow, footstalk not acted on during several days by 15 inches of red string — It is remarkable that full-sized leaves

CUL-DAR210.6.109    Correspondence:   Litchfield Henrietta Emma née Darwin to Darwin William Erasmus  [1863.02.22]   Litchfield Henrietta Emma née Darwin to Darwin William Erasmus   Text   Image

about orchids the heat of the hothouse. Dr Hooker sent us no end of things so that the hothouse looks quite pretty already. A great many of the things were sent out of pots so when Papa went out he found Lettington had potted them all in common earth, the orchids I means, we had to send off instantly for [2v

CUL-DAR157.2.29-47    Note:    1863.06.16--1863.07.29   Echino[cystis] lobata / I gently rubbed nearly straight tendril with tip   Text   Image

stem. — (N. B in Hothouse tendril very sensitive towards tip become hooked from touch, but does not soon form coil —) Half-hour after I found them in helix; (slowly the Helix untwined itself) The above tendril moved in about 2 1/2 hours 3/4 of circle till about 1/4 to 4° I then saw in the [4v

CUL-DAR157.2.29-47    Note:    1863.06.16--1863.07.29   Echino[cystis] lobata / I gently rubbed nearly straight tendril with tip   Text   Image

July 3d. I observed but little, I traced shoot itself rotate at least 110° I am almost certain whole circle.— During part of its rotation of 90°. I carefully observed vane; in 1° 10' the vane became completely by slow steps reversed, showing twist in stem of 180°. — It then in 20' returned to first position the vane had again passed through 180°. — July 5. Plant last night in Hothouse. Left-hand shoot nearly quite upright, with 3 vanes, showing that certainly no rotation in shoot, yet I

CUL-DAR157.1.14-17    Note:    [1863].07.23--[1863].08.09   Ceropegia [continued]   Text   Image

Ceropegia Aug. 7th. The shoot has now 3 long internodes surmounted by 2 little ones an inch or two long — It now sweeps a circle 4 ft by measure in diameter; the shoot extending nearly horizontally; top of older internode is bent by weight.— Sometimes shoot becomes more upright. I have positively ascertained that all these 3 internodes move, (contrast with Roxburghia Sphærostema). It is a wonderful sight to watch the movement— It sweep a circle of 12ft I have just found that it in Hothouse

CUL-DAR157.1.81    Note:    1863.12.03--1864.01.25   Tropaeolum tricolorum / Thin shoot from bulb without leaves twined round   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [81] Tropæolum elegans tricolorum. Dec. 6th 63. In Hothouse Thin shoot from bulb, without leaves, twined round stick moved reverse of watch, in Hothouse 10°. 14' to 11°. 32' = 1°. 18' (very near not certain) 1°. 53' to 3. 15' = 1° 22' ― to 4°. 45' = 1°. 30' (third circle) Stem excessively thin, like thick Bristle naked but here there lateral fibres, coloured like stem. — Either branches or peduncle of leaves with leaf not developed— These tendril-like

CUL-DAR17.2.A63-A93    Draft:    [1864]   'On the movements & habits of climbing plants' [continued]   Text   Image

(a) ; in the hothouse it one was made to curve by a loop weighing 1.64 gr. on the removal of the string, it became straight again.), but was not at all affected by another loop weighing 0.82 of a grain; with some leaf-climbers we have seen seen the the petioles of some other leaf-climbing genera affected by one-thirteenth of this latter weight.— (8

CUL-DAR18.(1-235)    Draft:    [1864]   'On the movements and habits of climbing plants' part 2   Text   Image

as adhere to the adherent stem stem, as long as it is adherent: this surprising difference in the leaves, I have also observed in a plant of M. dubia in my hothouse. Root-climbers, as far as I have seen no spontaneous power of movement, not even the Ivy (Hedera helix) or in Ficus repens, barbatus, (20

CUL-DAR17.2.A63-A93    Draft:    [1864]   'On the movements & habits of climbing plants' [continued]   Text   Image

(Leaf climbers) It is considered a greenhouse plant; but when kept there, the petioles took several days to clasp a stick: in the hothouse a stick was clasped in 7°. In the greenhouse a petiole was not affected by a loop of string, suspended during several days weighing 2.5 2 1/2 grains; (Diagram 3] (a) In this specie plant leaf-climber plant, in no other species leaf-climber seen by me, a leaf grown to its full-sized leaf was capable was capable of clasping; but the movement was so

CUL-DAR18.(1-235)    Draft:    [1864]   'On the movements and habits of climbing plants' part 2   Text   Image

sensitive to a touch only towards the extremity on the concave surface. [illeg] (in rate direction; When a stick was placed so that the middle of the tendril came into contact with it, no curvature was caused. In the hothouse a tendril made two revolutions, each in 2° 22'; in my cool study one was completed in 3° a second in 4°. The (16

F1731    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1864. On the sexual relations of the three forms of Lythrum salicaria. [Read 16 June] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 8: 169-196, 1 text figure.   Text   Image   PDF

always be some failures, it would have been advisable to have * Lagerstrœmia Indica, one of the Lythraceæ, is strangely variable in its stamens—I presume in part due to its growth in a hothouse. The most perfect flowers produced with me five very long stamens with thick flesh-coloured filaments and green pollen, and from nineteen to twenty-nine short stamens with yellow pollen; but many flowers produced only one, two, three, or four long stamens with green pollen, which in some of the anthers

CUL-DAR157.1.121    Note:    1864.01.31   Bignonia unguis / a better climber than I thought   Text   Image

Though I may not trust movement in study, is a slower mover in hothouse. Upright stick put near projecting shoot was caught by the peduncle. Shoots generally caught by the hooks seems never to twine fully. It is pretty how 3 claws catch one tarsus or peduncle of leaf, well secure branch replaces the winding round of several turns of common tendrils — Catching by leaves the twining became reversed Base of leaves sensitive, so that both leaves twine round stick. Claw tendrils not sensitive to

CUL-DAR157.1.26    Note:    1864.03.00   Akebia quinata / Moves against sun   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [26] Akebia quinata March. 64 Moves against sun — Forced in hothouse First circle Mar 17— in 4° — (This was when shoot was young.) Mar 18 1° 40' ― 18 1°— 30' ― 19 1°— 45' The hook at tip, painted externally reverses itself [Climbing plants, p. 15

CUL-DAR157.1.60    Note:    1864.03.10   Tecoma radicans / I observe in hothouse & greenhouse the plant not having   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [60] Mar 10 1864 Tecoma Radicans I observe in hothouse greenhouse the plant not having been moved for several days that the shoots move from side to side slightly, caused I presume by the changes in the sun, for a plant brought into the room, merely moved down towards the window during the day, quickly upwards after dark. There were irregularities in some cases caused perhaps by changes in the light. The young shoot 3 or 4 inches long bearing the

CUL-DAR157.1.139-140    Note:    1864.03.14--1864.06.23   Bignonia capreolata / Dipledenia crassinoda / In Hot-House too hot   Text   Image

first begins at tip of hook then spreads to either side— The t. becomes very strong. — Tendrils which do not touch, do not act thus. — I suspect some cannot Some t. which have apparently touched then become free have small disks or knobs of cellular matter. (3 Dipladenia Crassinoda In Hothouse move with sun — Ap. 4 2° 30' ― 2°. 15' ― 2° 25'}2. 23' [calculations not transcribed] ―5 2° 50' Cold day This plant twines well— The basal part of t. hardly or very slowly sensitive — the branches partly

CUL-DAR157.2.2    Note:    1864.03.20--1864.04.12   Ec[c]remocarpus scaba / Tendril gives out two lateral branches & two   Text   Image

no spontaneous movement nor have the shoots. These are stiff, as the plant grows it is simply secured. Peduncles of leaves not sensitive- where tips of t. bends from touch basal parts bends. We see high perfection imperfection going together. April 12th — In Hothouse I find that neither shoot nor tendril have any spontaneous movement [2bv

CUL-DAR157.2.74-77    Note:    1864.04.29   Passiflora quadrangularis / Tendrils thick sensitive on concave side &   Text   Image

Aug 4th In Hothouse hot weather t. made 2 € in from 8° 10' to 12°. 53' ie 4°. 43' Each € in 2° 22'— This more trustworthy than old observations in study— Passiflora quadrangularis — A stick placed in contact for hours with middle of t. no effect.─ [76

CUL-DAR157.1.116    Note:    1864.05.20   Bignonia buxifolia in Hothouse — against sun   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [116] 1864. Bignonia buxifolia. in Hothouse — against sun May 20' 2°. 35' ― 2° 9'. ― 1° 35'} very small shoots after plants cut down. [calculations not transcribed] (average 2°. 6') I find that rubbing on under side of t. does cause it after some time to be slowly depressed

CUL-DAR157.2.63    Note:    1864.06.30--1864.07.03   Muscat grape Hothouse apex made a shape thus [`V'-like diagram]   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [63] June 30. 64 Muscat-Grape Hothouse apex made a shape thus [sketch] July 1 made very small complete oval in morning with sun? in 2° ? then a second not complete oval.—; then from (about 1° 45 to 4° 5' = about 2° 20') a third still more small oval late in afternoon stood still, Day cloudy nearly all day, plant in same place for 2 or 3 days. — July 2d an excessively little oval, with sun, in 2° 20' or 2° 30' for nearly 1°— A 2d minute ellipse

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

(MONOCOTYLEDONS, continued.) Asparagus (unnamed species from Kew) (Liliaceæ) moves against the sun, placed in hothouse. h. m. Dec. 26, 1st circle . . . . . . 5 0 „ 27, 2nd „ . . . . . . 5 40 Tamus communis (Dioscoreaceæ). A young shoot from a potted tuber placed in the greenhouse; follows the sun. h. m. July 7, 1st circle . . . . . . 3 10 „ 7, 2nd „ . . . . . . 2 38 „ 8, 3rd „ . . . . . . 3 5 h. m. July 8, 4th circle . . . . . . 2 56 „ 8, 5th „ . . . . . . 2 30 „ 8, 6th „ . . . . . . 2 30

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

regularly at an average rate of 3 h. 26 m. The shoots, however, sometimes stand still. It is considered a greenhouse plant; but when kept there, the petioles took several days to clasp a stick: in the hothouse a stick was clasped in 7 h. In the greenhouse a petiole was not affected by a loop of string, suspended during several days and weighing 2 1/2 grains; in the hothouse one was made to curve by a loop weighing 1.64 (and, on the removal of the string, became straight again), but was not at

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

(DICOTYLEDONS, continued.) Thryallis brachystachya (Malpighiaceæ) moves against the sun: one shoot made a circle in 12 h., and another in 10 h. 30 m.; but the next day, which was much colder, the first shoot in my study took 10 h. to perform only a semicircle. Hibbertia dentata (Dilleniaceæ), placed in the hothouse, followed the sun, and made (May 18th) a circle in 7 h. 20 m.; on the 19th, reversed its course and moved against the sun, and made a circle in 7 h.; on the 20th, moved against the

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

), which adhere to the trunk, and, if the latter be slender, completely embrace it. When this plant has climbed to the light, it sends out free and rounded branches, clad with sharp-pointed leaves, wonderfully different in appearance from those borne by the stem, as long as it is adherent. This surprising difference in the leaves I have observed in a plant of M. dubia in my hothouse. Root-climbers, as far as I have seen, namely, the Ivy (Hedera [page] 10

F834a    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green and Williams & Norgate.   Text   Image   PDF

or Lecontea (unnamed sp.) (Cinchonaceæ) follows the sun. h. m. May 25, semicircle . . . . . 10 27 (shoot extremely young). „ 26, 1st circle . . . . . . 10 15 (shoot still young). „ 30, 2nd „ . . . . . . 8 55 June 2, 3rd „ . . . . . . 8 11 „ 6, 4th „ . . . . . . 6 8 „ 8, 5th „ . . . . . . 7 20 Taken from the hothouse and placed in a room in my house. „ 9, 6th „ . . . . . . 8 36 Manettia bicolor (Cinchonaceæ), young plant, follows the sun. h. m. July 7, 1st circle . . . . . . 6 18 „ 8, 2nd

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

hothouse, whilst less than a foot in height, showed no sensitiveness in their leaves or power of movement or of climbing. But when N. lævis had grown to a height of 16 inches, there were signs of these powers. Each young leaf when first formed stands upright, but soon becomes inclined; at this period of growth it terminates in a stalk or filament, with the pitcher at the extremity so little developed that this part is not thicker than any other part. The leaf in this state certainly exhibited

F1733    Periodical contribution:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. [Read 2 February] Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Botany) 9: 1-118, 13 text figures.   Text   Image   PDF

the same peduncle, the tendrils arising close to them may possibly be of service in preventing these balloons from being dashed to pieces by the wind. In the hothouse they served simply for climbing. The position of the tendrils alone suffices to show their homological nature; but in two instances one of the tendrils produced at its tip a flower; this, however, did not prevent the tendril acting properly and curling round a twig. In a third case the two lateral branches which ought to have

F834a    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green and Williams & Norgate.   Text   Image   PDF

hothouse, whilst less than a foot in height, showed no sensitiveness in their leaves or power of movement or of climbing. But when N. lævis had grown to a height of 16 inches, there were signs of these powers. Each young leaf when first formed stands upright, but soon becomes inclined; at this period of growth it terminates in a stalk or filament, with the pitcher at the extremity so little developed that this part is not thicker than any other part. The leaf in this state certainly exhibited

F834a    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1865. On the movements and habits of climbing plants. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green and Williams & Norgate.   Text   Image   PDF

the same peduncle, the tendrils arising close to them may possibly be of service in preventing these balloons from being dashed to pieces by the wind. In the hothouse they served simply for climbing. The position of the tendrils alone suffices to show their homological nature; but in two instances one of the tendrils produced at its tip a flower; this, however, did not prevent the tendril acting properly and curling round a twig. In a third case the two lateral branches which ought to have

CUL-DAR78.17-40,42-45    Note:    1866--1872   Mimulus [comparison of crossed and self-fertilised plants in height,   Text   Image

numerous. Weighed in chemical Balance, the whole lot of Uncrossed seed weighed .81 of grain, the crossed 1.02— difference 0.21 ie, not far from quarter of weight of uncrossed seed— The crossed seed must be plumper so be so much heavier for in bulk certainly not nearly a quarter more. Seed of Both lots sown in 2 glasses put into Hothouse my Study on Aug 1st 3° 30' P.m— Aug. 3d. 1866 7° 30' A.m. Both lots in my study in Hothouse have germinated; crossed uncrossed seeds at same time in about same

CUL-DAR78.139-156    Note:    1866--1871   Cabbage [comparison of crossed and self-fertile plants in number of seed,   Text   Image

Cabbages I left two lots to grow struggle in pure sand in tumbler in Hothouse. Now Nov 2d are much drawn up though so having only cotyledons are 2 inches high to tips of leaf—; the crossed are on average a little taller than the uncrossed. (Dec. 1 Both lots very unhealthy, have no marked differences) (Feb 10th Both lots in sand equal.) (March 31 do do do very poor state. dying.) June 30' 1867 In Pot I. equal great difference as on 14th there is now great difference in size in Pot II 1868 April

CUL-DAR78.17-40,42-45    Note:    1866--1872   Mimulus [comparison of crossed and self-fertilised plants in height,   Text   Image

Mimulus Plants of 4th Generation, from seed of Third Pot I common earth as before— Seeds sown, Cool Hothouse Dec. 30' 1867 There was usual inequality in Pot I II. but plants were not thinned enough much drawn up. (April 3/68 tallest crossed flower stem 8 1/2 inch; tallest Self stem 5 inches.) Pot. II. common earth (April 3. 68 tallest crossed flower-stem 6 1/2 inches: tallest self stem 7 inches— So self tallest!!! In this plant, especially, a var with crimson blotches has almost supplanted the

CUL-DAR78.186-189    Note:    [1866]--1869   Marjoram [comparison of crossed and self-fertile plants in speed of   Text   Image

seed-shells; certainly those under net as forwards or more forwards than those exposed visited by insects.) (Nov. 2d the crossed seed on sand have protruded rootlets apparently quicker than the uncrossed certainly seem more vigorous.) Pot I. transplanted ∴ equal Kept in Hothouse Dec 30' moved into greenhouse Pot 2. do ― ―  ― greenhouse; larger Pot. (Dec. 1, Pot I no difference in plants hardly more than cotyledons developed. Pot. 2 crossed rather finest, — In sand self-fert. finest, but these

CUL-DAR78.190-191    Note:    [1866].10.00--[1866].12.00   Sion House Cucumber [comparison of crossed and self-fertile plants in height, number   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (29 Sion House Cucumber: fertilised by male flowers borne by on the same plant, crossed by Woods Prolific C. — Fruit ripened under in Hot house. — Planted (Oct 30th 4° P. m on sand in Hothouse Nov. 1' 7° A.m. Both lots equally well much germinated.) Nov. 9th In small pot the crossed plants are just forming first, rough leaves these are more advanced then the crossed plants. ((Nov 10th) almost one inch taller in stems of beneath Cotyledons.) (Dec. 2d

CUL-DAR110.B94-B95    Note:    1868.09.20   Borreria nov sp near B valerianoides (This genus not near to Hedyotis)   Text   Image

did not set one; nor did whole plant spontaneously. On a 2d long-styled plant, here there, a single 5 or 6 early capsules were produced with seed, but as this plant stood in a short tube near be a short-styled plant many early in season have received a few grains of pollen.─ (I had better stick to the one good case.) (Feb. 11. The long-styled Plant has now set some seed which have been produced so late that cannot be due to cross, whist Kept in other Hothouse ─ is not quite self-sterile

CUL-DAR209.3.1-2    Draft:    [ny].07.10   Ampelopsis   Text   Image

35 Introduction were exposed to slightly different conditions as the seasons varied, and as they were raised at different periods. But in other respects all were treated alike, being grown in pots, in the same artificially prepared soil, watched being watched at the same time, and kept in the same greenhouse or hothouse. They were therefore not exposed during successive years to such great vicissitudes of climate as are plants growing out of doors. (open) On some apparent and real causes of

CUL-DAR209.12.89-119    Draft:    1873.10.07--1873.12.12   Desmodium gyrans / Draft of Expression (fragment).   Text   Image   PDF

The temp. after plant was syringed was during the 29 1/2 hours, before I saw the spotting from 85° to 80° during the day 74° to 75° during night— I used water which had been in hothouse I suppose about at least 75° for syringing this latter fact will account for the spotting (

CUL-DAR56.129    Note:    1873.10.31--1873.11.03   Milk / Leaves pale & small in hot house   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [129] Milk. (Keep for Digestion) Oct 31 1873 Leaves pale small in hothouse; put on Sti (Matches) small drops of milk at 8˚. 10' A.m. a rather larger drop on one leaf. I did not look for 3/4h, but then I found milk coagulated on all 3, with some inflection of the tentacles At 4 p.m. after 8h great inflection, with the laminæ of 2 much inflected with [much less] Digestion Nov 1st 8. a.m. laminæ of all 3 closely inflected: I can see a very little curds

CUL-DAR209.12.45-49    Note:    1873.11.00--1873.12.00   Cassia [application of water, sulphuric ether]   Text   Image   PDF

Cassia as before, it must have moved backwards 51°. The divergence of the midribs of the next pair was 138°. The midribs of the 3rd pair in a straight line. It is clear that if the terminal penultimate leaflets merely twisted on their axes simply became depressed during sleep, their midribs wd occupy the same position the divergence of their midribs wd be the same as in the day; but we have seen how the case is. Shook the plant for exactly 1 minute in hothouse, leaflets were then somewhat

CUL-DAR209.12.141-147    Note:    1873.11.07--1873.12.05   Eucalyptus globulus / Eucalyptus amygdalina [application of water, ether]   Text   Image   PDF

ether now it was completely wetted. Hence I think there certainly is a trace of Waxen secretion. — shook another leaf for 30 in W 93° 92° wetted yet by hard blowing parts were made almost dry.— (I do not think hard blowing fair test.) Dec. 5' 9°. I tried in Hothouse with moderately cold water leaves just dipped shaken in it, were all spotted with water. (

CUL-DAR209.12.50    Note:    1874.05.01--1874.05.02   Cassia corymbosa [application of water]   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [50] Cassia corymbosa— Greenhouse May 1. 74. (12°) syringed with Hot-house water for 1m leaves became reflexed inverted, almost as if asleep, but did not touch as when (as I believe) asleep. The white (blooms?) surface is turned to stream of water. I rather suspect peduncle became depressed. did not soon recover open leaves. (May 2d I carried plant to Hothouse shook it slightly all the way, leaflets become a little depressed but nothing like what

CUL-DAR209.2.92    Note:    1874.07.09   Mimosa pudica [application of water]   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [92] Sensitive Plant Camphor July 9 74 9. 25 AM Covered a pot of M. pudica with a bell glass. in the hot chamber sprinkled the space between pot glass the earth of the pot with bits of camphor. 10.25 – some of the leaves were slightly closed. It required quite strong close squirting with the spray to make the leaflets close then they did so in a sluggish way,– They were certainly not so sensitives as an ordinary plant standing in the HotHouse was

F836    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

(DICOTYLEDONS, continued.) With the Hop a semicircle was performed, in travelling from the light, in 1 hr. 33 m.; in travelling to the light, in 1 hr. 13 m.; difference of rate, 20 m. Akebia quinata (Lardizabalaceæ), placed in hothouse, moves against the sun. H. M. March 17, 1st circle was made in . . 4 0 (shoot young) ,, 18, 2nd ,, ,, ,, . . 1 40 ,, 18, 3rd ,, ,, ,, . . 1 30 ,, 19, 4th ,, ,, ,, . . 1 45 Stauntonia latifolia (Lardizabalaceæ), placed in hothouse, moves against the sun. H. M

F836    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

of 3 hrs. 26 m. The shoots, however, sometimes stood still. It is considered a greenhouse plant; but when kept there, the petioles took several days to clasp a stick: in the hothouse a stick was clasped in 7 hrs. In the greenhouse a petiole was not affected by a loop of string, suspended during several days and weighing 2½ grains (163 mg.); but in the hothouse one was made to curve by a loop weighing 1.64 gr. (106.27 mg.); and, on the removal of the string, it became straight again. Another

F836    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

watering with cold water at 47° Fahr. Combretum argenteum (Combretaceæ) moves against the sun. Kept in hothouse. H. M. Jan. 24, 1st circle was made in 2 55 Early in morning, when the temperature of the house had fallen a little. ,, 24, 2 circles each at an average of .. 2 20 ,, 25, 4th circle was made in 2 25 Combretum purpureum revolves not quite so quickly as C. argenteum. Loasa aurantiaca (Loasaceæ). Revolutions variable in their course: a plant which moved against the sun. H. M. June 20, 1st

F1217    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

weather. Those with the weakest solutions should be made on plants which have been kept for a considerable time in a warm greenhouse, or cool hothouse; but this is by no means necessary for trials with solutions of moderate strength. I beg the reader to observe that the sensitiveness or irritability of the tentacles was ascertained by three different methods-indirectly by drops placed on the disc, directly by drops applied to the glands of the outer tentacles, and by the immersion of whole leaves; and

F836    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

aid. The seed-capsules though light, are of enormous size (hence its English name of balloon-vine), and as two or three are carried on the same peduncle, the tendrils rising close to them may be of service in preventing their being dashed to pieces by the wind. In the hothouse the tendrils served simply for climbing. The position of the tendrils alone suffices to show their homological nature. In two instances one of two tendrils produced a flower at its tip; this, however, did not prevent its

F836    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. The movements and habits of climbing plants. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

rounded stems, clad with sharp-pointed leaves, wonderfully different in appearance from those borne by the stem as long as it remains adherent. This surprising difference in the leaves, I have also observed in a plant of Marcgravia dubia in my hothouse. Root-climbers, as far as I have seen, namely, the Ivy (Hedera helix), Ficus repens, and F. barbatus, have no power of movement, not even from the light to the dark. As previously stated, the Hoya carnosa (Asclepiadaceæ) is a spiral twiner, and

F1220    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1875. Insectivorous plants. New York: D. Appleton.   Text   Image   PDF

clude that the tuber do not serve as reservoirs for food, but for water during the dry season to which the plant is probably exposed. The many little bladders filled with water would aid towards the same end. To test the correctness of this view, a small plant, growing in light peaty earth in a pot (only 4 1/2 by 4 1/2 inches outside measure) was copiously watered, and then kept without a drop of water in the hothouse. Two of the upper tubers were beforehand uncovered and measured, and then

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

native home of South Brazil, unless fertilised with pollen from a distinct plant, either artificially or naturally by humming-birds.* Several plants were raised from these seeds and kept in the hothouse. They produced flowers very early in the spring, and twenty of them were fertilised, some with pollen from the same flower, and some with pollen from other flowers on the same plants; but not a single capsule was thus produced, yet the stigmas twenty-seven hours after the application of the

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

; nevertheless they were considerably crowded. The pots were kept in the hothouse. The plants were first measured to the tips of their leaves when only between 1 and 2 feet in height, as shown in the following table: TABLE XCVII. Zea mays. No. of pot. Crossed Plants. Self-fertlised Plants. Inches. Inches. I. 23 4/8 17 3/8 12 20 3/8 21 20 II. 22 20 19 1/8 18 3/8 21 4/8 18 3/8 III. 22 1/8 18 5/8 20 3/8 15 2/8 18 2/8 16 4/8 21 3/8 18 23 2/8 16 2/8 IV. 21 18 22 1/8 12 6/8 23 15 4/8 12 18 Total in inches. 302 88

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

species of Oncidium and of Maxillaria cultivated in a hothouse in Edinburgh were quite sterile with their own pollen; and Fritz Müller found this to be the case with a large number of Orchidaceous genera growing in their native home of South Brazil.* He also discovered that the pollen-masses of some orchids acted on their own stigmas like a poison; and it appears that Gärtner formerly observed indications of this extraordinary fact in the case of some other plants. Fritz Müller also states

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

the same cultivated species will thus be subjected to a change of conditions. If the flowers are not visited by our native insects, or very rarely so, as in the case of the common and sweet pea, and apparently in that of the tobacco when kept in a hothouse, any differentiation in the sexual elements caused by intercrosses will tend to disappear. This appears to have occurred with the plants just mentioned, for they were not benefited by being crossed one with another, though they were greatly

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

two other pots, IV. and V. These pots had been kept in the hothouse, but from want of room were, whilst the plants were young, suddenly moved during very cold weather into the coldest part of the greenhouse. They all suffered greatly, and never quite recovered. After a fortnight only two of the nine self-fertilised seedlings were alive, whilst seven of the crossed survived. The tallest of these latter plants when measured was 47 inches in height, whilst the tallest of the two surviving self

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

According to Delpino, bees eagerly visit the flowers in North Italy, but I have never seen any insect visiting the flowers of the present species in my hothouse, although many plants grew there during several years. Nevertheless these plants produced plenty of seed, as they likewise did when covered by a net; they are therefore fully capable of self-fertilisation, and have probably been self-fertilised in this country for many generations. As they are cultivated in pots, and are not exposed to

F1249    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1876. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

cleistogene. Leersia makes the nearest approach to this state; but as already stated, it has been known to produce perfect flowers in one part of Germany. Some other plants of the cleistogene class, for instance Aspicarpa, have failed to produce perfect flowers during several years in a hothouse; but it does not follow that they would fail to do so in their native country, any more than with Vandellia, which with me produced only cleistogene flowers during certain years. Plants belonging to

F801    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. London: John Murray. 2d ed.   Text   Image   PDF

were not in a good state for examination. I mention this latter flower partly because some insect in the hothouse at Kew had removed most of the pollinia, and had left some of them adhering to the lateral stigmas. These curious little flowers are widely expanded and much exposed; but after a time the three sepals close together with perfect exactness, so that it is scarcely possible to distinguish an old flower from a bud: yet, to my surprise, the closed flowers opened when immersed in water. The

F801    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. London: John Murray. 2d ed.   Text   Image   PDF

his hothouse, where a Cattleya was in flower with its whole back, between the wings, smeared with dried viscid matter, and with the four pollinia attached to it by their caudicles, ready to be caught by the stigma of any other flower if the bee had entered one. L [page] 14

F801    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. London: John Murray. 2d ed.   Text   Image   PDF

be in the same predicament, but whether when self-fertilised they yield a full complement of capsules containing good seeds has not been ascertained. A curious Epidendrum in South Brazil which bears two additional anthers fertilises itself freely by their aid; and Dendrobium cretaceum has been known to produce perfect self-fertilised seeds in a hothouse in England. Lastly, Spiranthes australis and two species of Thelymitra, inhabitants of Australia, come under this same head. No doubt other cases

F1277    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1877. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

, may perhaps be heterostyled, or may formerly have been so. It is remarkable from the extreme variability of its stamens. On a plant, growing in my hothouse, the flowers included from nineteen to twenty-nine short stamens with yellow pollen, which correspond in position with the shortest stamens of Lythrum; and from one to five (the latter number being the commonest) very long stamens, with thick flesh-coloured filaments and green pollen, corresponding in position with the longest stamens of

CUL-DAR209.1.23    Note:    1877.09.16--1877.09.18   Cassia caliantha   Text   Image

been influenced by light.— The broken lines show amt of movement during the night; in the interval of observation, the distance not being traced observed. It is evident from diagram that the great movement is downwards late in evening during early night.— (on Sept 15th when the line drops most the observation was carried on to a later hour) upwards during the latter part of night or early morning— The movement being always to the N.E.(?) end of Hothouse in opposite direction during the night

CUL-DAR209.14.45-46    Note:    [1877].10.11   Marsilea [quadrifolia] / Proof sheet of Forms of flowers, p. 63, published p. 123.   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [45 46] Oct 11 in HotHouse [data not transcribed] Marsilea Oct 11 Sunny day Marsilea placed in position in the hot case the day before, on the 11th only very slight twist of pot the stalk of leaf made more vertical stalk of leaf tied (close to leaf) to lead wire. Index is a fine spun bit of glass; the observations made by foreshortening with no second paper mark — Plant in The index points away from light Temperature 28° in AM 22°C in Pm. The vertical

CUL-DAR209.4.199-200    Note:    1877.11.20--1877.11.26   Lathyrus nissolia [with diagram attached]   Text   Image

Nov. 21 22d Lathyrus nissolia No some tendril-bearing Plant Fig C. of Diagram — was tip of young grass-like leaf with apex much hooked— moved during 21' to from light in very irregular course next morning continued to move from light afterwards in small complex figure. On the whole I conclude movements cannot be accounted for simply by light— There must I think be some spont. revolving movement.— Dec. 31st I observed both plants with plate of glass over in cool HotHouse— Plants about between 5

CUL-DAR209.4.332    Note:    1877.12.23   Phalaris   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [332] Canary grass Phalaris Dec. 23d 11° 45 to 1° By searching pot with Lens I found a seedling with white knife edge on exact level with surface of ground: I remove the earth for exactly 1/4 deep all round put under compound in Hothouse, protected from light except from above— Each division of micrometer = 1/500 of inch. I left plant for 1/2 hour then observed it. It passed over 2/500 of inch in 9'. 15 . After interval of 2 or 3 minutes passed over 2

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

grew in pots in the hothouse; but this may be attributed to the self-fertilised plants being more tender, so that they suffered more than the crossed, when both lots were exposed to a cold and wet summer Lastly, with one out of two series of Reseda odorata. grown out of doors in rows, as well as with Beta vulgaris, the crossed plants did not at all exceed the self-fertilised in height, or exceeded them by a mere trifle. The innate power of the crossed plants to resist unfavourable conditions

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

. In the successive generations they were exposed to slightly different conditions as the seasons varied, and they were raised at different periods. But in other respects all were treated alike, being grown in pots in the same artificially prepared soil, being watered at the same time, and kept close together in the same greenhouse or hothouse. They were [page] 2

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

holds good, as we have already seen, in the analogous cases of Ipom a, Mimulus, and Dianthus, with resepct to height. (10.) Nicotiana tabacum. My plants were remarkably self-fertile, and the capsules from the self-fertilised flowers apparently yielded more seeds than those which were cross-fertilised. No insects were seen to visit the flowers in the hothouse, and I suspect that the stock on which I experimented had been raised under glass, and had been self-fertilised during several previous

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

in a single generation partially self-fertile, and still more so in the second generation. Conversely, the offspring of English plants, after growing for two seasons in Brazil, became in the first generation quite self-sterile. Again, Abutilon darwinii, which is self-sterile in its native home of Brazil, became moderately self-fertile in a single generation in an English hothouse. Some other plants are self-sterile during the early part of the year, and later in the season become self-fertile

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

over, seeds are frequently exchanged or procured from other gardens having a different kind of soil; and the individuals of the same cultivated species will thus be subjected to a change of conditions. If the flowers are not visited by our native insects, or very rarely so, as in the case of the common and sweet pea, and apparently in that of the tobacco when kept in a hothouse, any differentiation in the sexual elements caused by intercrosses will tend to disappear. This appears to have

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

from a distinct stock, and the seedlings thus raised may be called the Colchester-crossed great-grandchildren. In my anxiety to see what the result would be, I unfortunately planted the three lots of seeds (after they had germinated on sand) in the hothouse in the middle of winter, and in consequence of this the seedlings (twenty in number of each kind) became very unhealthy, some growing only a few inches in height, and very few to their proper height. The result, therefore, cannot be fully

F1251    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1878. The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. 2d ed. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

self-fertile, and were never seen to be visited by insects in the hothouse, so as to be crossed by them. This plant, moreover, has been cultivated under glass for several generations in pots, and therefore under nearly uniform conditions. The capsules produced by the cross-fertilised flowers on the above thrity-four crossed plants contained more seeds than did the capsules produced by the self-fertilised flowers on the self-fertilised plants, in the proportion of 100 to 85; so that in this

CUL-DAR209.4.185-186    Note:    1878.01.15--1878.01.20   Ipomoea nil   Text   Image

(2 Ipomoea nil (Used) (A new fine vigorous seedling with Hypocotyl 2 inches high secured to a little stick was observed kept all day in Hothouse so as to be well illuminated placed at 4° 20' under skylight. (Temp. 19 3/4 C.) (see Tracing) Cot, continued to fall till 10° 15, when plant was carried into my bed-room placed under Bell-glass movement traced twice during night. — Tracing joined to last; but the Tracing on following day (21st) (Temp. 19 1/2 C) not joined for too complex. — By 12° 30'

CUL-DAR209.6.50-54    Note:    1878.09.02--1878.10.11   Cassia (various) [application of sulphuric ether]   Text   Image

Sept. 5th I rubbed pulvinus of 3 cots. on 3 seedlings, 2 of them were much raised after 25', then placed them on Study Table— The day was dark in Hothouse, so I left the 2 pots in Box open at top on study Table, after 50' many were completely closed, including 2 which had had their pulvinus rubbed, so this does not delay the action of darkness.— [51

CUL-DAR209.8.51    Note:    1878.09.14   Red Cabbage   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [51] Exposed c. same way. Red Cabbages Hypocotyls Sept 14th 1878 3 seedlings one tall 2 short with upper half painted with white spermaceti quite upright: 2 seedlings, one very short one tall with black spermaceti, both quite upright. Therefore every experiment with grease useless. N.B. Some Phalaris seedlings Tomatoes in Hothouse had been painted with thick Indian ink, the younger Tomatoes younger Phalaris thus killed. The older Phalaris grow

CUL-DAR209.7.90    Draft:    1878.09.19   Phalaris / Draft of Cross and self fertilisation   Text   Image

unhealthy, plants being were included. in the average; and In this latter case the [Cross and self fertilisation, p. 51: In my anxiety to see what the result would be, I unfortunately planted the three lots of seeds (after they had germinated on sand) in the hothouse in the middle of winter, and in consequence of this the seedlings (twenty in number of each kind) became very unhealthy, some growing only a few inches in height, and very few to their proper height. The result, therefore, cannot be

CUL-DAR209.7.111-112    Note:    [1879].01.01--[1879].01.03   Phalaris Canariensis   Text   Image

grew up were above it, the fact goes for nothing. Jan 3d The same seedlings exposed in Hothouse to light coming through the larger Hole 4 of the younger plants decidedly bent to it — some of them were 1 1/2 inch from Hole— exposed from 10° 30'to 4°. 30' [112

CUL-DAR209.9.25    Note:    1879.06.06   Ipomœa cærulea   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [25] June 6th 1879 Pharbitis nil = Ipomœa cærulea Observed at noon in Hothouse 10° P.m Pot. I. plant (1) Both Cots Horizontal at noon: at 10° P.m both 48° beneath Horizon Plant (2) 1 Cot 10° below Horizon— the other horizontal — at 10' P.m. the former 60° below horizon, the other 37° below Horizon Plant (3) at noon I believe about horizontal; at night both 48° beneath horizon 37°-50° Pot II. Plant (1) at noon both cots horizontal— at 10° P.m, one 25

CUL-DAR209.7.56    Note:    1879.09.02--1879.09.12   Hedera helix   Text   Image

. (I suspect season of year) (N.B I suppose from effect in Hothouse that light fr N.E window not sufficient to induce apheliotropism— but it is very odd that both in study Hot-House the shoots were heliotropic) Give case of circumnutation under circumnutation of stems or under Stolons I have mentioned Trailing Branches Also worth giving under Heliotropism Apheliotropism— — when I mention about Tropaeolum at first heliotropic then said to be apheliotropi

F1280    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1880. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. London: John Murray. 2s edition.   Text   PDF

expanded at its upper end, and this forms an open channel leading into the ovarium, as described under V. canina. It is slightly bent towards the two fertile anthers. Viola Roxburghiana. This species bore in my hothouse during two years a multitude of cleistogamic flowers, which resembled in all respects those of the [page] 32

F1280    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1880. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. London: John Murray. 2s edition.   Text   PDF

, may perhaps be heterostyled, or may formerly have been so. It is remarkable from the extreme variability of its stamens. On a plant, growing in my hothouse, the flowers included from nineteen to twenty-nine short stamens with yellow pollen, which correspond in position with the shortest stamens of Lythrum; and from one to five (the latter number being the commonest) very long stamens, with thick flesh-coloured filaments and green pollen, corresponding in position with the longest stamens if

F1361    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1881. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. fifth thousand (corrected), and with textual changes. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

in their castings, when of large size, sometimes appeared to have been rounded; but with all calcareous bodies the rounded appearance may be partly or wholly due to their corrosion by carbonic acid and the humus-acids. In the gizzards of several worms collected in my kitchen garden near a hothouse, eight little fragments of cinders were found, and of these, six appeared more or less rounded, as were two bits of brick; but some other bits were not at all rounded. A. farm-road near Abinger Hall had

F839    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The movements and habits of climbing plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

With the Hop a semicircle was performed, in traveling from the light, in 1 hr. 33 m.; in traveling to the light, in 1hr. 13m.; difference of rate, 20 m. Akebia quinata (Lardizabalace ), placed in hothouse, moves against the sun. H. M. March 17, 1st circle was made in 4 0 (shoot young) March 18, 2nd circle was made in 1 40 March 18, 3rd circle was made in 1 30 March 19, 4th circle was made in 1 45 Stauntonia latifolia (Lardizabalace ), placed in hothouse, moves against the sun. H. M. March 28

F839    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The movements and habits of climbing plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

hrs. 26 m. The shoots, however, sometimes stood still. It is considered a greenhouse plant; but when kept there, the petioles took several days to clasp a stick: in the hothouse a stick was clasped in 7 hrs. In the greenhouse a petiole was not affected by a loop of string, suspended during several days and weighing 2 grains (163 mg.); but in the hothouse one was made to curve by a loop weighing 1 64 gr. (106 27 mg.); and, on the removal of the string, it became straight again. Another petiole

F1362    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The formation of vegetable mould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits. 6th thousand (corrected). London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

to have been rounded; but with all calcareous bodies the rounded appearance may be partly or wholly due to their corrosion by carbonic acid and the humus-acids. In the gizzards of several worms collected in my kitchen garden near a hothouse, eight little fragments of cinders were found, and of these, six appeared more or less rounded, as were two bits of brick; but some other bits were not at all rounded. A farm-road near Abinger Hall had been covered seven years before with brick-rubbish to the

F839    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The movements and habits of climbing plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

circle was made after a copious watering with cold water at 47 Fahr. Combretum argenteum (Combretace ) moves against the sun. Kept in hothouse. H. M. Jan. 24, 1st circle was made in 2 55 Early in morning, when the temperature of the house had fallen a little. Jan. 24, 2 circles each at an average of 2 20 Jan. 25, 4th circle was made in 2 25 Combretum purpureum revolves not quite so quickly as C. argenteum. Loasa aurantiaca (Loasace ). Revolutions variable in their course: a plant which moved

F803    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. 2nd ed. Revised 3d thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

the flowers in the hothouse at Kew, for many eggs were deposited within it, near the base. Of Bolbophyllum I examined the curious little flowers of four species, which I will not attempt fully to describe. In B. cupreum and cocoinum, the upper and lower surfaces of the rostellum resolve themselves into viscid matter, which has to be forced upwards by insects into the anther, so as to secure the pollinia. I effected this easily by passing a needle down the flower, which is rendered tubular by

F803    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. 2nd ed. Revised 3d thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

flowers in the West Indies; nevertheless these flowers fertilise themselves, but it is doubtful whether they are fully fertilised, for a large proportion of the seeds spontaneously produced by some members of this tribe in a hothouse were destitute of an embryo. Some species of Dendrobium, judging from their structure and from their [page] 29

F839    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The movements and habits of climbing plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

3 Siphomeris or Lecontea (unnamed sp.) (Cinchonace ) follows the sun. H. M. May 25, semicircle was made in 10 27 (shoot extremely young) May 26, 1st circle was made in 10 15 (shoot still young) May 30, 2nd circle was made in 8 55 June 2, 3rd circle was made in 8 11 June 6, 4th circle was made in 6 8 June 8, 5th circle was made in 7 20 Taken from the hothouse, and placed in a room in my house. June 9, 6th circle was made in 8 36 Manettia bicolor (Cinchonace ), young plant, follows the sun. H. M

F839    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The movements and habits of climbing plants. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

species. The tendrils are thick, long, and stiff; they are sensitive to a touch only on the concave surface towards the extremity. When a stick was placed so that the middle of the tendril came into contact with it, no curvature ensued. In the hothouse a tendril made two revolutions, each in 2 hrs. 22 m.; in a cool room one was completed in 3 hrs., and a second in 4 hrs. The internodes do not revolve; nor do those of the hybrid P. floribunda. Tacsonia manicata. Here again the internodes do not

F803    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1882. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilised by insects. 2nd ed. Revised 3d thousand. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

, and Mr. Cavendish Browne informs me that he saw a large humble-bee enter a flower of S. macrantha in his hothouse, and when it crawled out it had the two large pollen-masses firmly fixed to its back, nearer to the tail than to the head. The bee then looked about, and seeing no other flower re-entered the same one of * For Bourbon see 'Bul. Soc. Bot. de France,' tom. i. 1854, p. 290. For Tahiti see H. A. Tilley, 'Japan, the Amour, c.,' 1861, p. 375. For the East Indies see Morren in 'Annals and

CUL-DAR140.3.1--159    Draft:    [1884]   'Reminiscences of My Father's Everyday Life' (partial fair copy)   Text   Image

] ? called Bob, to which we were much devoted as children. He used to walk with my father who was not however particularly fond of him. The story of Bob's hothouse face is told in the Expressions Bk. My father was interested in Bob's acute powers of scent, would tell how he had seen Bob standing on the lawn evidently perceive my father's 11

F1281    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1884. The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species. 3d thousand. Preface by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

already mentioned, Fritz M ller informs me that two or three species of Psychotria and Rudgea eriantha, natives of St. Catharina, in Brazil, are heterostyled, as is Manettia bicolor. I may add that I formerly fertilised with their own pollen several flowers on a plant of this latter species in my hothouse, but they did not set a single fruit. From Wight and Arnott's description, there seems to be little doubt that Knoxia in India is heterostyled; and Asa Gray is convinced that this is the case

F1452.1    Book:     Darwin, Francis ed. 1887. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. vol. 1. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

there. He is an amusing strange fellow; at our early dinner, our party consisted of two Catholic priests and two Mulattresses! He is past sixty years old, and the day before ran down and caught a leveret in a turnip-field. It is a fine old house, and the lake swarms with water-fowl. I then saw Chatsworth, and was in transport with the great hothouse; it is a perfect fragment of a tropical forest, and the sight made me think with delight of old recollections. My little ten-day tour made me feel

F1225    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1888. Insectivorous plants. 2d ed. Revised by Francis Darwin. London: John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

be made on plants which have been kept for a considerable time in a warm greenhouse, or cool hothouse; but this is by no means necessary for trials with solutions of moderate strength. I beg the reader to observe that the sensitiveness or irritability of the tentacles was ascertained by three different methods indirectly by drops placed on the disc, directly by * When my first observations were made on the nitrate of ammonia, fourteen years ago, the powers of the spectroscope had not been

F59    Book:     Darwin, C. R. 1890. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle etc. London: John Murray. First Murray illustrated edition.   Text   Image   PDF

attempt to paint the general effect. Learned naturalists describe these scenes of the tropics by naming a multitude of objects, and mentioning some characteristic feature of each. To a learned traveller this possibly may communicate some definite ideas; but who else from seeing a plant in an herbarium can imagine its appearance when growing in its native soil? Who from seeing choice plants in a hothouse can [page] 527 TROPICAL SCENER

F1548.1    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 1   Text   Image   PDF

parasitic in early youth on cryptogams!1 Here is a fool's notion. I have some planted on Sphagnum. Do any tropical lichens or mosses, or European, withstand heat, or grow on any trees in hothouse at Kew? If so, for love of Heaven, favour my madness, and have some scraped off and sent me. I am like a gambler, and love a wild experiment. It gives me great pleasure to fancy that I see radicles of orchid seed penetrating the Sphagnum. I know I shall not, and therefore shall not be disappointed

F1548.2    Book:     Darwin, Francis & Seward, A. C. eds. 1903. More letters of Charles Darwin. A record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. London: John Murray. Volume 2   Text   Image   PDF

By all the rules of right the leaves of the logwood ought to move (as if partially going to sleep) when syringed with tepid water. The leaves of my little plant do not move at all, and it occurs to me as possible, though very improbable, that it would be different with a larger plant with perhaps larger leaves. Would you some day get a gardener to syringe violently, with water kept in a hothouse, a branch on one of your largest logwood plants and observe [whether?] leaves move together towards

F1552.2    Book:     Litchfield, H. E. ed. 1904. Emma Darwin, wife of Charles Darwin. A century of family letters. Cambridge: University Press printed. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

neighbours, and sheltered by my mother's constant love and care. Emma Darwin to her aunt Fanny Allen. DOWN, Sat. [1868]. My dearest Aunt Fanny, Eliz. is so bent upon Tromer Lodge that I am sure she will get it, and I think she will be very comfortable there. The drawing-room is upstairs, but really a remarkably pretty room, and the bedrooms very nice. The garden is sheltered from N. and E., and she will enjoy her hothouse and green-house, and I hope she will be quite extravagant in that matter. She

F1598    Book:     Barlow, Nora ed. 1967. Darwin and Henslow. The growth of an idea. London: Bentham-Moxon Trust, John Murray.   Text   Image   PDF

Chatsworth, with which I was, like a child, transported with delight. Have you ever seen it? Really the great Hothouse, and especially the water part, is more wonderfully like tropical nature, than I could have conceived possible. Art beats Nature altogether there. I have been most sincerely grieved at Hoskins disappointment at Edinburgh: I cannot but think he will make a great Botanist; it is admirable what a stock of general and accurate knowledge he appears to have on all such subjects, as

F167c    Book:     Keynes, Richard Darwin ed. 1979. The Beagle record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text   Image   PDF

manufactured. I am very glad to hear the hothouse is going on well; how when I return I shall enjoy seeing some of my old friends again - do get a Banana plant, they are easily reared the foliage is wonderfully beautiful. I have not yet ceased marvelling at all the marriages: as for Maer Woodhouse, they might as well be shut up. I received a very kind letter from Mr Owen Fanny. The former contained the warmest expressions of friendship to my Father. (This letter will be odds ends.) I suppose by this

F1817    Book:     Barrett, Paul H., Gautrey, Peter J., Herbert, Sandra, Kohn, David, Smith, Sydney eds. 1987. Charles Darwin's notebooks, 1836-1844: Geology, transmutation of species, metaphysical enquiries. British Museum (Natural History); Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.   Text

Sow seeds place cuttings or bulbs in several different soils temperatures see what the effect will be.— will seedlings vary much more than cuttings c Raise annuals or common English plants in Hothouse see what effect on organs of generation Place pollen of Red Cabbage «mixed with own pollen» on flowers of other cabbages see whether there will result hybrids— Dust flowers of one branch of Cabbage with pollen of other, count seeds, see how great a proportion springs up true.— This in fact always

A27b    Book:     Freeman, R. B. 2007. Charles Darwin: A companion. 2d online edition, compiled by Sue Asscher.   Text

, after a prison sentence, another curacy in Kent. Horwood, John 1823-c. 1880. Sir John Lubbock's head gardener. 1862-1863 H superintended building of CD's hothouse. Hotham, Harriet, 1810-1873. 1833 Married Sir John William Lubbock. Houghton, Baron, see Richard Monckton Milnes. Houseman, Emma, 1839-1929. Daughter of John H. 1871 Married Lawrence Wedgwood. Houseman, John London bookseller. Father of Emma H. Houseman, Laurence So spelt in W W, Lawrence in ED. Howard, Mary, 1740 Feb. 12-1770 Jun. 30

CUL-DAR209.4.170    Note:    [Undated]   Helianthus annuus   Text   Image

The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [170] Helianthus annuus Oct 26 Hothouse One cotyledon pinned to a cork a glass filament gummed to the other observed by foreshortening on a vertical glass. Plant darkened by a cylinder of brown paper with a white paper top. Note Next morning the gum was loose wet. [Figure pasted on