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slavery could testify. His warm sympathy keen affections made him able to realise with great vividness what others were suffering this appeared in his countenance which wd. shew sympathetically the deepest feeling. When we were 2
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A2
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[Chambers, Robert] 1844. Vestiges of the natural history of creation. London: John Churchill.
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exceptions of evil are inseparable from such a system, and this is one of them. To come to particular illustration-when a people are oppressed, or kept in a state of slavery, they invariably contract habits of lying, for the purpose of deceiving and outwitting their superiors, falsehood being a refuge of the weak under difficulties. What is a habit in parents becomes an inherent quality in children. We are not, therefore, to be surprised when a traveller tells us that black children in the West
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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met with several people, so blinded by the constitutional gaiety of the negro, as to speak of slavery as a tolerable evil. Such people have generally visited at the houses of the upper classes, where the domestic slaves are usually well treated; and they have not, like myself, lived amongst the lower classes. Such enquirers will ask slaves about their condition; they forget that the slave must indeed be dull, who does not calculate on the chance of his answer reaching his master's ears. It is
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado Heavy Rain Musical Frogs Phosphorescent Insects Elater, springing powers of Blue Haze Noise made by a Butterfly Entomology Ants Wasp killing a Spider Parasitical Spider Artifices of an Epeira Gregarious Spider Spider with an unsymmetrical Web. RIO DE JANEIRO. April 4th to July 5th, 1832. A few days after our arrival I became acquainted with an Englishman
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CHAPTER XXI. MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the changes in the vegetation Cause of the extinction of land-shells Ascension Variation in the imported rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England Retrospect on our voyage. April 29th. IN the morning we passed round the northern end of Mauritius, or the Isle of France
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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trived to eke out a subsistence. At length they were discovered, and a party of soldiers being sent, the whole were seized with the exception of one old woman, who, sooner than again be led into slavery, dashed herself to pieces from the summit of the mountain. In a Roman matron this would have been called the noble love of freedom: in a poor negress it is mere brutal obstinacy. We continued riding for some hours. For the few last miles the road was intricate, and it passed through a desert
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F14
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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every opportunity. As long as the idea of slavery could be banished, there was something exceedingly fascinating in this simple and patriarchal style of living: it was such a perfect retirement and independence from the rest of the world. As soon as any stranger is seen arriving, a large bell is set tolling, and generally some small cannon are fired. The event is thus announced to the rocks and woods, but to nothing else. One morning I walked out an hour before day- [page] 2
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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degradation lower than the slavery of the most helpless animal. April 18th. In returning we spent two days at Soc go, and I employed them in collecting insects in the forest. The greater number of trees, although so lofty, are not more than three or four feet in circumference. There are, of course, a few of much greater dimension. Senh r Manuel was then making a canoe 70 feet in length from a solid trunk, which had originally been 110 feet long, and of great thickness. The contrast of palm trees, growing
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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been mistaken for our father-land: nor was it the triumphant feeling at seeing what Englishmen could effect; but rather the high hopes thus inspired for the future progress of this fine island. Several young men, redeemed by the missionaries from slavery, were employed on the farm. They were dressed in a shirt, jacket, and trousers, and had a respectable appearance. Judging from one trifling anecdote, I should think they must be honest. When walking in the fields, a young labourer came up to
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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met with a want of politeness: I was refused in a sullen manner at two different houses, and obtained with difficulty from a third, permission to pass through their gardens to an uncultivated hill, for the purpose of viewing the country. I feel glad that this happened in the land of the Brazilians, for I bear them no good will a land also of slavery, and therefore of moral debasement. A Spaniard would have felt ashamed at the very thought of refusing such a request, or of behaving to a
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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, habits of, 136 Skunks, 80 Slavery, 20, 24, 499 Smelling power of carrion-hawks, 184 Smith, Dr. Andrew, on the support of large quadrupeds, 85 , on perforated pebbles, 149 Snake, venomous, 96 Snow-line on Cordillera, 244, 322, 325 Snow, effects of on rocks, 318 , prismatic structure of, 325 , red, 322 Society, state of in La Plata, 41, 157 Society, state of, in Australia, 443 Archipelago, 402 , volcanic phenomena at, 475, 481 Soda, nitrate of, 362 , sulphate of, 78 Soil, frozen, 88, 248 Spawn on
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Porto Praya Ribeira Grande Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria Habits of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic Singular incrustations Insects the first Colonists of Islands Fernando Noronha Bahia Burnished Rocks Habits of a Diodon Pelagic Conferv and Infusoria Causes of discoloured Sea..........Page 1 CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado Heavy Rain Musical
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1845. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d ed. London: John Murray.
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; their peculiar structure Dead and submerged Reefs Areas of subsidence and elevation Distribution of Volcanos Subsidence slow, and vast in amount..452 CHAPTER XXI. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the changes in the vegetation Cause of the extinction of land-shells Ascension Variation in the imported rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England
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A33
Book:
Combe, George. 1847. The Constitution of Man and Its Relation to External Objects. Edinburgh: Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co., Longman & Co.; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., W. S. Orr & Co., London, James M'Glashan, Dublin.
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, oppression, and profligacy, were practised by their masters and themselves. No more effectual means of improving the morals of the people can be devised, than that of purifying all public institutions, and exhibiting justice and kindly affection as the animating motives of public men and national measures. Of all national enormities, that of legalising the purchase of human beings, and conducting them into slavery, is probably the most atrocious and disgraceful; and Britain was long chargeable with
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A33
Book:
Combe, George. 1847. The Constitution of Man and Its Relation to External Objects. Edinburgh: Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co., Longman & Co.; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., W. S. Orr & Co., London, James M'Glashan, Dublin.
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slavery continues to deface the moral brightness of her legislative page; and on no subject does prejudice appear to be so inveterately powerful in that country as on slavery. Greatly as I respect the character of the Americans, it is impossible to approve of their treatment of the Negro population. The ancestors of the present American people stole, or acquired by an unprincipled purchase, the ancestors of the existing Negroes, and doomed them to a degrading bondage. This act was utterly at
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A33
Book:
Combe, George. 1847. The Constitution of Man and Its Relation to External Objects. Edinburgh: Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co., Longman & Co.; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., W. S. Orr & Co., London, James M'Glashan, Dublin.
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1826, the great measure of Parliamentary Reform has been carried into effect in Britain and Ireland, and already considerable progress has been made in rectifying our national institutions. For the first time in the annals of the world, a nation has voluntarily contributed a large sum of money for the advancement of pure benevolence and justice. We have agreed to pay twenty millions sterling for the freedom of 800,000 human beings, whom our unprincipled forefathers had led into hopeless slavery
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A33
Book:
Combe, George. 1847. The Constitution of Man and Its Relation to External Objects. Edinburgh: Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co., Longman & Co.; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., W. S. Orr & Co., London, James M'Glashan, Dublin.
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happiness; because such abject slavery could gratify no faculty in their minds, and ameliorate no principle of their nature, but, on the contrary, was calculated to outrage every feeling of self-respect. Before punishment for breaking a law can be justly inflicted, it seems reasonable that the people called on to obey it should not only possess the power of doing so, but likewise be benefited by their obedience. It was certain, that, by the very constitution of their minds, it was impossible for the
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A33
Book:
Combe, George. 1847. The Constitution of Man and Its Relation to External Objects. Edinburgh: Maclachlan, Stewart, & Co., Longman & Co.; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., W. S. Orr & Co., London, James M'Glashan, Dublin.
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Illustrations in the project of Themistocles to burn the Spartan ships, the slave-trade, and the American war, 305 England, 307 Rome, 309 Other evils from the same source, 310 Bad effects anticipated from the existence of negro slavery in the United States, 320 The Spaniards punished under the natural laws for their cruelties in America, 324 The civilization of savages more [page] xviii CONTENTS
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John Crockford Pub. of Critic will receive . P.O. orders Twofold slavery of N.A Marshall Hall Joan of Arc Ld Mahon Mc Doner Abbot [Printed July, August 1854 excised] [Printed September 1854] Theodolph of Iceland The Birth day – New nursery songs Little folks books No 7 Mrs Follen 1/ Funny Rhymes No 1 Nursery Heroines No 3 Books [crossed out] Heroes No 2 5 Tales from Arab. 6 Aladdin Sinbad. Books for young reading amusing tales Mrs Myrtle [Printed October 1854
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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worker-larvae pupae ready in the nests of the species to be attacked. This, if really well ascertained, would seem to imply that the instincts of the slave-species have been adapted to serve the ends of the distinct hostile, master-species. If this could be proved to be the case, it would assuredly be a fatal objection to my theory; for it could not profit/91/the parents of the species which are subjected to slavery that their neuter off-spring should well serve another species therefore there
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F1583
Book:
Stauffer, R. C. ed. 1975. Charles Darwin's Natural Selection; being the second part of his big species book written from 1856 to 1858. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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; gradations between, 371-2; Slavery -allied species taken, 511-13; slaver depends on instincts of enslaved, 511 Forsskahl, Jones G. Fecundity of rabbits, 178 n 3 [page] 658 INDE
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F3483
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1915. [Letter to Richard Hill, 1859]. In Frank Cundall, Darwin and Hill. West India Committee Circular (28 December): 562-3, p. 563.
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [page] 562 Darwin and Hill. BY FRANK CUNDALL. Dr. G. F. A. Da Costa has in his possession an unpublished letter by Charles Darwin addressed I Richard Hill, and has kindly consented to its publication in the West India Committee Circular. Richard Hill, one of the most remarkable men that Jamaica has produced, is best known for his collaboration with Gosse, the naturalist, and for his efforts on behalf of the abolition of slavery. He contributed to
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A335
Book:
Owen, Richard. 1859. On the classification and geographical distribution of the mammalia, being the lecture on Sir Robert Reade's foundation, delivered before the University of Cambridge, in the Senate-House, May 10, 1859. To which is added an appendix "on the gorilla," and "on the extinction and transmutation of species." London: John Parker.
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Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth. By James Anthony Fboude. The Second Edition. Octavo. Volumes I. to IV. 54s. These Volumes complete the Reign of Henry the Eighth. History of England during the Reign of George the Third. By William Masset, M.P. Octavo. Volumes I. and II. 12s. each. The Spanish Conquest in America, and its Relation to the History of Slavery, and to the Government of Colonies. By Abthcb Helps. Octavo. Vols. I. II., 28s.; Vol. III., 16s. History of Civilization in England. By Henry
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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CHAPTER XXI. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform Ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the Changes in the Vegetation Cause of the Extinction of Land Shells Ascension Variation in the imported Rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of Infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of Tropical Scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England Retrospect on our Voyage .. .. .. Page 483 INDEX .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 507 [page break
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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met with several people, so blinded by the constitutional gaiety of the negro, as to speak of slavery as a tolerable evil. Such people have generally visited at the houses of the upper classes, where the domestic slaves are usually well treated; and they have not, like myself, lived amongst the lower classes. Such enquirers will ask slaves about their condition; they forget that the slave must indeed be dull, who does not calculate on the chance of his answer reaching his master's ears. It is
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Porto Praya Ribeira Grande Atmospheric Dust with Infusoria Habits of a Sea-slug and Cuttle-fish St. Paul's Rocks, non-volcanic Singular Incrustations Insects the first Colonists of Islands Fernando Noronha Bahia Burnished Rocks Habits of a Diodon Pelagic Conferv and Infusoria Causes of discoloured Sea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Page 1 CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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met with a want of politeness: I was refused in a sullen manner at two different houses, and obtained with difficulty from a third, permission to pass through their gardens to an uncultivated hill, for the purpose of viewing the country. I feel glad that this happened in the land of the Brazilians, for I bear them no good will a land also of slavery, and therefore of moral debasement. A Spaniard would have felt ashamed at the very thought of refusing such a request, or of behaving to a
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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CHAPTER XXI. MAURITIUS TO ENGLAND. Mauritius, beautiful appearance of Great crateriform ring of Mountains Hindoos St. Helena History of the changes in the vegetation Cause of the extinction of land-shells Ascension Variation in the imported rats Volcanic Bombs Beds of infusoria Bahia Brazil Splendour of tropical scenery Pernambuco Singular Reef Slavery Return to England Retrospect on our voyage. April 29th. IN the morning we passed round the northern end of Mauritius, or the Isle of France
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Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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CHAPTER II. Rio de Janeiro Excursion north of Cape Frio Great Evaporation Slavery Botofogo Bay Terrestrial Planari Clouds on the Corcovado Heavy Rain Musical Frogs Phosphorescent Insects Elater, springing powers of Blue Haze Noise made by a Butterfly Entomology Ants Wasp killing a Spider Parasitical Spider Artifices of an Epeira Gregarious Spider Spider with an unsymmetrical Web. RIO DE JANEIRO. April 4th to July 5th, 1832. A few days after our arrival I became acquainted with an Englishman
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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trived to eke out a subsistence. At length they were discovered, and a party of soldiers being sent, the whole were seized with the exception of one old woman, who, sooner than again be led into slavery, dashed herself to pieces from the summit of the mountain. In a Roman matron this would have been called the noble love of freedom: in a poor negress it is mere brutal obstinacy. We continued riding for some hours. For the few last miles the road was intricate, and it passed through a desert
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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every opportunity. As long as the idea of slavery could be banished, there was something exceedingly fascinating in this simple and patriarchal style of living: it was such a perfect retirement and independence from the rest of the world. As soon as any stranger is seen arriving, a large bell is set tolling, and generally some small cannon are fired. The event is thus announced to the rocks and woods, but to nothing else. One morning I walked out an hour before day [page] 24 RIO DE JANEIRO. [CHAP
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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degradation lower than the slavery of the most helpless animal. April 18th. In returning we spent two days at Soc go, and I employed them in collecting insects in the forest. The greater number of trees, although so lofty, are not more than three or four feet in circumference. There are, of course, a few of much greater dimension. Senh r Manuel was then making a canoe 70 feet in length from a solid trunk, which had originally been 110 feet long, and of great thickness. The contrast of palm trees, growing
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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been mistaken for our father-land: nor was it the triumphant feeling at seeing what Englishmen could effect; but rather the high hopes thus inspired for the future progress of this fine island. Several young men, redeemed by the missionaries from slavery, were employed on the farm. They were dressed in a shirt, jacket, and trousers, and had a respectable appearance. Judging from one trifling anecdote, I should think they must be honest. When walking in the fields, a young labourer came up to
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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Janeiro a powerful negro afraid to ward off a blow directed, as he thought, at his face. I was present when a kind-hearted man was on the point of separating for ever the men, women, and little children of a large number of families who had long lived together. I will not even allude to the many heart-sickening atrocities which I authentically heard of; nor would I have mentioned the above revolting details, had I not 2 K 2[page] 500 SLAVERY. [CHAP. XXI
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Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1860. Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R.N. London: John Murray. Tenth thousand. Final text.
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, habits of, 136 Skunks, 80 Slavery, 20, 24, 499 Smelling power of carrion-hawks, 184 Smith, Dr. Andrew, on the support of large quadrupeds, 85 , on perforated pebbles, 149 Snake, venomous, 96 Snow-line on Cordillera, 244, 322, 325 Snow, effects of on rocks, 318 , prismatic structure of, 325 , red, 322 Society, state of in La Plata, 41, 157 Society, state of, in Australia, 443 Archipelago, 402 , volcanic phenomena at, 475, 481 Soda, nitrate of, 362 , sulphate of, 78 Soil, frozen, 88, 248 Spawn on
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A4667
Periodical contribution:
Huxley, Thomas Henry. 1865. On the methods and results of ethnology. Foreign Review 1: 257-277. [Darwin Pamphlet Collection]
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imported by a French colony, who, by the very effect of the subordination involved in slavery lost their own diverse languages and adopted that of their masters, would vanish. And metaphysical philosophers, observing the identity of Haytian French with that spoken on the shores of the Seine and the Loire, would argue that the men of St. Domingo with woolly heads, black and oily skins, small calves, and slightly bent knees, are of the same race, descended from the same parental stock, as the Frenchmen
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A1013.2
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2.
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extinction of the Papuan race. A warlike and energetic people, who will not submit to national slavery or to domestic servitude, must disappear before the white man as surely as do the wolf and the tiger. I have now concluded my task. I have given, in more or less detail, a sketch of my eight years' wanderings among the largest and the most luxuriant islands which adorn [page] 45
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A1013.2
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2.
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Singapore, sketch of the town and island, i. 31; inhabitants a mixed race, 31, 32; commerce of, 32; Chinese in, 33, 34; Jesuit missionaries, 35; character of the island, c, 36; tigers and tiger-pits, 36, 37; vegetation and insects, 37, 38. Skulls (see Crania). Slavery at Ternate, ii. 11; abolition of, 13. Sleeping shed, ii. 84. Snake on board, ii. 71. Snakes, after rain, in Maros, i. 376, 377; in Amboyna, 465, 466. Soap-springs, in Oeassa, i. 291. Social position of England, ii. 463; its evils
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A1013.2
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 2.
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American advocates of slavery; they could not see an easy, comfortable way out of it. In our own case, however, it is to be hoped, that if a fair consideration of the matter in all its bearings shows that a preponderance of evil arises from the immensity of our manufactures and commerce evil which must go on increasing with their increase there is enough both of political wisdom and true philanthropy in Englishmen, to induce them to turn their superabundant wealth into other channels. The fact that
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A1013.1
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1.
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and finally exterminated, by contact with European civilization. A few words in conclusion, about the government of Sar wak. Sir James Brooke found the Dyaks oppressed and ground down by the most cruel tyranny. They were cheated by the Malay traders, and robbed by the Malay chiefs. Their wives and children were often captured and sold into slavery, and hostile tribes purchased permission [page] 14
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A1013.1
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1.
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should ever do more than copy a few of the least beneficial customs of civilization, without some stronger stimulus than precept, very imperfectly backed by example. If we are satisfied that we are right in assuming the government over a savage race, and occupying their country; and if we further consider it our duty to do what we can to improve our rude subjects and raise them up towards our own level, we must not be too much afraid of the cry of despotism and slavery, but must use the
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A1013.1
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1.
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slavery; his house was no longer burnt over his head; his crops and his fruits were now his own, to sell or consume as he pleased. And the unknown stranger who had done all this for them, and asked for nothing in return, what could he be? How was it possible for them to realize his motives? Was it not natural that they should refuse to believe he was a man? for of pure benevolence combined with great power, they had had no experience among men. They naturally concluded that he was a superior being
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A1013.1
Book:
Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. vol. 1.
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fashionable way of escaping from their difficulties. A Roman fell upon his sword, a Japanese rips up his stomach, and an Englishman blows out his brains with a pistol. The Bugis mode has many advantages to one suicidically inclined. A man thinks himself wronged by society he is in debt and cannot pay he is taken for a slave or has gambled away his wife or child into slavery he sees no way of recovering what he has lost, and becomes desperate. He will not put up with such cruel wrongs, but will be
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [27] (34 Chapt. 4. indisputable advantages, yet have perished from failing in other points. The Greeks may have retrograded from the want of coherence between the many small States, from the small size of the whole country, from the practice of slavery, or from extreme sensuality; for they did not succumb until they were enervated corrupt to the very core. *(23) The Western nations of Europe, who have surpassed immeasurably surpassed in all ways their
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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reproach, for the loss to a nation of a single individual is not felt: whatever the explanation may be, suicide, as I hear from Sir J. Lubbock, is rarely practised by the lowest barbarians. It has been recorded that an Indian Thug conscientiously regretted that he had not strangled and robbed as many travellers as did his father before him. In a rude state of civilisation the robbery of strangers is, indeed, generally considered as honourable. The great sin of Slavery has been almost universal, and
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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advantages, and yet have perished from failing in other characters. The Greeks may have retrograded from a want of coherence between the many small states, from the small size of their whole country, from the practice of slavery, or from extreme sensuality; for they did not succumb until they were enervated and corrupt to the very core. 25 The western nations of Europe, who now so immeasurably surpass their former savage progenitors and stand at the summit of civilisation, owe little or none of
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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hardships. If from any cause any one of these checks is lessened, even in a slight degree, the tribe thus favoured will tend to increase; and when one of two adjoining tribes becomes more numerous and powerful than the other, the contest is soon settled by war, slaughter, cannibalism, slavery, and absorption. Even when a weaker tribe is not thus abruptly swept away, if it once begins to decrease, it generally goes on decreasing until it is extinct.31 When civilised nations come into contact with
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F937.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2.
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personal appearance.13 The very ugly men would perhaps altogether fail in getting a wife, or get one later in life, but the handsomer men, although the most successful in obtaining wives, would not, as far as we can see, leave more offspring to inherit their beauty than the less handsome husbands of the same women. Early Betrothals and Slavery of Women. With many savages it is the custom to betroth the females whilst mere infants; and this would effectually prevent preference being exerted on
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F937.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2.
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. SEXUAL characters, secondary, i. 253; relations of polygamy to, i. 266; transmitted through both sexes, [page] 463 SEXUAL. INDEX. SLAVERY
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F937.2
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 2.
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; differences of, in the sexes in man, ii. 317; artificial modifications of the shape of, ii. 340. SKUNK, odour emitted by the, ii. 279. SLAVERY, prevalence of, i. 94; of women, ii. 366. [page] 464 SLAVES. INDEX. SPECIES
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