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CUL-DAR63-65
Note:
1870--1882
[Notes on worms for Earthworms, including (1) castings; (2) furrows & ploughed land; (3) experiments at different locales etc.]
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, thinking this they wd be of use wd then been left there for the 35 years (June 11 I have looked at stones; it is clear that ends must have been some height above ground when first laid down. —no doubt partly filled up by worms and partly subsidence of stones by burrows beneath. The 2 upper stones which rested chiefly on bricks stone rubbish cd have small but very little by mere pressure or weight — Lower earth sand fragments stone.) N.B in thickest part of mound are plenty of very large
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CUL-DAR63-65
Note:
1870--1882
[Notes on worms for Earthworms, including (1) castings; (2) furrows & ploughed land; (3) experiments at different locales etc.]
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hypocaust is 8 in thick His pavement is protected by a roof: no worms come through as far as we saw. The pavement is level except for some bulgings which correspond with the position of a big tree which grew in the middle of the pavement The bath room B has a pavement over hypocaust: an old stump of a tree has been left growing on a low party wall to show the extent to which the remains were covered by soil. The vertical distance from the pavement to the bottom of the stump is 3'-4 The room marked P
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CUL-DAR63-65
Note:
1870--1882
[Notes on worms for Earthworms, including (1) castings; (2) furrows & ploughed land; (3) experiments at different locales etc.]
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rounded, other bit lost. (6) 2 of cinder decidedly rounded — 3 of flint of which only one with Edges decidedly a little rounded. (7) rose-thorn — 2 of cinders 1/2 rounded — 4 of flint, one of which with Edge hardly at all blunted, 2 partly well rounded. From intestine of same worm, 3 of coal or cinders — 1 of flint 1 of mortar, little well rounded — others in same state as those in gizzards The number of bits of cinder — soft stone brick come as if the worms produced softish substances, yet a good
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CUL-DAR63-65
Note:
1870--1882
[Notes on worms for Earthworms, including (1) castings; (2) furrows & ploughed land; (3) experiments at different locales etc.]
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, drawn into hole by middle, of course doubled crumpled Gravel walk orchard 1 narrow V by apex, extreme tip doubled. 4 Broad buried by one of basal angles, in no case drawn far in, angle of course much crumpled. 1 Drawn in by middle of course doubled crumpled. These broad papers are the stuff from other basal angles to go in hole. Could cold weather have made worms work slovenly? [CUL-DAR65.65-74_005
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CUL-DAR63-65
Note:
1870--1882
[Notes on worms for Earthworms, including (1) castings; (2) furrows & ploughed land; (3) experiments at different locales etc.]
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Note on the amount of Earth thrown up on the surface by Earth-worms in the course of a year. Many years ago I read a paper on the subject before the Soc. which was published in Transacts illustrated by woodcuts. My object in publishing it was partly to illustrate a considerable effect produced by very slight apparently inefficient cause [acting] during my years partly because I had been pushed by having [2 words illeg] , a coin some depth beneath the surface of meadow. I could not conceive how
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CUL-DAR64.2.4
Note:
1871
1842 Sept 14 Come to Down — Parkland laid down 1 year before ie 1841 or
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It may appear ludicrous, but we have seen good reason to believe that the earth-worms is not altogether an insignificant geological power
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 90 But do worms burrow vertically to surface? [diagrams] Hole 2 feet deep nails sink so my sides vertically 10 may [illeg] dome shape 9
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online [52] Annals Mag of Nat Hist. 1871. Nov. p. 372 Phosphorescence of eggs of Glow-worms Jousset de Bellesme, Georges Louis Marie Félicien. 1871. On the phosphorescence of the eggs of the common glowworm. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4th ser. 8 no. 47: 372. [CUL-DAR.LIB.PER-U326] PD
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CUL-DAR64.2.4
Note:
1871
1842 Sept 14 Come to Down — Parkland laid down 1 year before ie 1841 or
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 1 1842 Sep. 14 Came to Down — [Parkland] laid down 1 year before ie 1841 or 1840, I am not sure when — so we will say (now 1871) — 30 years in the time 2.5 inches of earth deposited ie 30.) [calculations] so that 12 years for 1. inch. Leith Hill 6 1/2 I think some quicker, be very difficult to judge, as measurement in a cast of roots varieties in the ground, - shown by presence of worms in ground c. (over) 1
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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negative characters; it can hardly be said to possess a brain, vertebral column, or heart, c.; so that it was classed by the older naturalists amongst the worms. Many years ago Prof. Goodsir perceived that the lancelet presented some affinities with the Ascidians, which are invertebrate, hermaphrodite, marine creatures permanently attached to a support. They hardly appear like animals, and consist of a simple, tough, leathery sack, with two small projecting orifices. They belong to the
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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belief that such characters in the higher classes have been acquired through sexual selection, which depends on the will, desires, and choice of either sex. Nevertheless some few apparent exceptions occur; thus, as I hear from Dr. Baird, the males of certain Entozoa, or internal parasitic worms, differ slightly in colour from the females; but we have no reason to suppose that such differences have been augmented through sexual selection. VOL. I. Y [page] 32
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F937.1
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray. vol. 1.
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general habits of life, the more brightly-tinted individuals would succeed best and would increase in number; but this would be a case of natural and not of sexual selection. Sub-kingdom of the Vermes or Annulosa: Class, Annelida (or Sea-worms). In this class, although the sexes (when separate) sometimes differ from each other in characters of such importance that they have been placed under distinct genera or even families, yet the differences do not seem of the kind which can be safely
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CUL-DAR133.16.1
Printed:
1871--1872
Address 22 January 1872 read at the anniversary meeting of the Entomological Society of London `Transactions of the Entomological Society': li-lxxv [3-27]
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organs to become abortive or developed in different parts of the body. We have seen that this is to some extent the case with the former organs, but it occurs to a much greater extent with the latter. The most generalized form is to be seen in the intestinal worms, each segment of which possesses a complete hermaphrodite reproductive apparatus; so that, in this respect, no less than in their capacity for spontaneous fission, these creatures are really what we should expect the early type of
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CUL-DAR75.33
Abstract:
[1871--1882.04.00]
Abstract of `Annals and Magazine of Natural History' 1869-1871
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369 On Blind cave animals, Cope. Cope, Edward Drinker. 1871. Life in the Wyandotte Cave. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8: 368-370. 374 Phosphorescence of Eggs of Glow-worms Jousset de Bellesme, Georges Louis Marie Félicien. 1871. On the phosphorescence of the eggs of the common glowworm. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8: 372. [CUL-DAR.LIB.PER-U326] PDF 381 Distrib. of F. Water fishes in N. Africa Playfair, R. L and Letourneux, M. 1871. Memoir on the hydrographical system and the
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CUL-DAR63.4
Note:
1871.01.31
Visited pasture field beyond stony field but could not succeed in
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slope 2.25 inches angle of slope 7° (2) Length 2.35 ∠ = 8° 30' (3) Length 2.10 ∠ 6° 30' One disc, much subsided, apparently originally from 2 worms all found together was 4 1/2 inches in length down slope. The weight of above all 3 very damp castings above Hole 447 grams The weight of do beneath Hole grain 916 gram (without bags) (Bag. 53 gram
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A270
Review:
Wallace, Alfred Russel. 1871. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. By Charles Darwin, M.A., F.R.S., &c. In two volumes with illustrations. John Murray, 1871. The Academy 2, no. 20 (15 March): 177-183.
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external organs, while the female has retained hers; and female glow-worms, as well as many female moths, have lost their wings. Such varied adaptations of one sex alone could only occur if the rule were almost universal, that variations were limited to the sex in which they originally appeared; but we have seen that the contrary is nearer to the truth, and it seems more probable that the phenomenon of strictly limited sexual transmission was actually produced by natural selection as soon as the
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CUL-DAR64.1.5
Note:
1871.08.07--1871.08.20
Worms / After longish interval when there were no castings in open places
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 5 Down 1872 [7 August] Worms After longish interval, when there were no castings in open places, now Aug 7th worms have begun to work again on open lawn. — Aug 10-20 I observe on open field plenty of fresh castings at Leith Hill. — The height of which Lucy made her square is about 700 ft, on open common land, but not near the Tower. Keep for Habit. [At the start of 1872, Darwin wrote to his niece Lucy Caroline Wedgwood (1846-1919) asking her to have a
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CUL-DAR64.1.2
Note:
1871.11.14
The white sand in Gower St thrown up on bare garden ground — in wood of
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 2 Nov. 14/71/ The white sand in Gower St thrown up on bare garden ground — in wood of Sandwalk about 2 years ago — Settled lime casting at top, 23 inches from ground castings result of the red sand mingled with dark earth. — I traced some of those down found the open paper coated with black earth — whether sand yielded hole thus been too large was coated with the worms' voidings. — or whether sand was too rough, I cannot say — It wd appear that same
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CUL-DAR64.2.5
Note:
1871.11.15
Pokelands harrowed & laid in grass 1 year before our arrival — a layer
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without least reason — remained much longer uneven. Now nearly equally covered perhaps about 2 1/2 inches. — so worms have been worked rather quicker, I can plainly see by castings, owing perhaps to better drainage, are more numerous
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CUL-DAR64.1.3
Note:
1871.11.21
There were not so much reiterated casting up of the same earth as I
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 3 Nov 21/71/ There were not so much reiterated casting up of the same earth as I thought, for though worms must surface perhaps through the earth beneath to surface a while, but lately passed through their intestines, they were the same passage or high round from below for some time thus make larger heaps of castings on same spots brought up from some considerable dept
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CUL-DAR64.2.17-18
Note:
1871.12.02--[1872].01.03
I put chalk on field near K[itchen] garden Nov 1842 & today dug a trench
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years agao —yet mould from chamber only 4 1/8 to 4 3/8 in thickness —I suppose worms did not like the coarse stuff red clay; though now many castings on the spots.— I presume at least till for grass to grow slowly over or perhaps covered [illeg] the turfs
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CUL-DAR64.2.17-18
Note:
1871.12.02--[1872].01.03
I put chalk on field near K[itchen] garden Nov 1842 & today dug a trench
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time, another layer; I have dug a trench here found many cinders at the depth of 7 5 1/2 in. from surface where the chalk was the thickness of vegetable mould was 9 1/4 in. beneath this many flints; I feel sure this was all earth thrown up by the worms because close above one of the large flints there was a small pebble of flint. The field had been evidently laid down in grass several yrs before 1842, but it was poor pasture. If we assume that it had been laid down about 30 yrs then the
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CUL-DAR64.2.20
Note:
1871.12.29
Had a Trench dug in field near House in middle wh[ich] has probably been
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 20 Dec 29 71 Had a trench dug in field near House in middle which has probably been laid down as pasture a century — Here fine earth without stones varied much in thickness with atoms of bricks or tiles red pebbles at bottom in same trench, measured from surface in parts only 6 1/2 in or part 8 1/2; so not thicker than in other field — 7 miles wd be faintest average — If worms threw up in one spot then in another near by, Many lurking process wd begin
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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ANIMALCULE. — A minute animal: generally applied to those visible only by the microscope. ANNELIDS. — A class of worms in which the surface of the body exhibits a more or less distinct division into rings or segments, generally provided with appendages for locomotion and with gills. It includes the ordinary marine worms, the earthworms, and the leeches. ANTENNÆ. — Jointed organs appended to the head in Insects, Crustacea and Centipedes, and not belonging to the mouth. ANTHERS. — The summits of
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth with Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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When a species, owing to highly favourable circumstances, increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract, epidemics—at least, this seems generally to occur with our game animals—often ensue; and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals, been disproportionally favoured: and here comes
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F391
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1872. The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray. 6th ed.; with additions and corrections. Eleventh thousand.
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Australian trees are dichogamous, the same result would follow as if they bore flowers with separated sexes. I have made these few remarks on trees simply to call attention to the subject. Turning for a brief space to animals: various terrestrial species are hermaphrodites, such as the land-mollusca and earth-worms; but these all pair. As yet I have not found a single terrestrial animal which can fertilise itself. This remarkable fact, which offers so strong a contrast with terrestrial plants, is
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CUL-DAR64.2.21-22
Note:
1872.01.05
The whole of the Abbey has disappeared except a portion of the South
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2 Beaulieu Abbey other places without tiles above it exists underneath these tiles and is penetrated by the worms (this should be confirmed by crumbling a casting under a magnifying glass) About 15 to 20 from this spot 5 yards from W End of Nave. I had a hole dug; the depth was 8 3/4 inch down to a solid concrete pavement, the first 2 3/4 being pure worm mould the remaining 6 inches being full of rubbish tiles, stones, slates, bits of concrete or hard mortar, an oyster shell, but all mixed
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CUL-DAR64.2.21-22
Note:
1872.01.05
The whole of the Abbey has disappeared except a portion of the South
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[page in Darwin's hand] Jun 22d 1877 Visited the Abbey Abbey very large — Tiles about 5 1/2 inch square. The cement by which joined in most places quite sound impenetrable by worms; but they have brought castings up in certain points when they have been able to penetrate; there was a good many in 2 of the square places (the 3d place permanently closed), although the place had be cleared out about a month ago! — The general appearance of turf over whole surface like that of most of field. It is
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CUL-DAR63.111
Note:
1872.01.14
When I speak of carbonic acid in soil refer to the quasi-pebbles embedded
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 111 Jan 14/72 When I speak of carbonic acid in soil refer to the quasi-pebbles embedded for 29 years; for according to my experience angular fragments wd not have been nearly so much dissolved, if exposed to air for the period. Mem: no frost in Tropics yet plenty of vegetable mould. Besides worms, moles, Geotropes, the dung-beetles which bring up so much fine Earth from beneath much acid in leeway slopes. The extreme thickness of mould on the Down
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CUL-DAR64.1.7
Note:
1872.01.29
The great majority of castings on Lawn are dark but occasionally
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 7 Jan 29/72/ The great majority of castings on Lawn are dark but occasionally angular a yellow casting cast up just wetter few last days many yellow have been cast up, so I had hole dug found the yellow clay only 5 inches from surface Have worms work chiefly under the surface, then again with the hole in field, which had been filled up with red clay yet turf have been covered with dark castings — (It is [illeg] the worm carry from depth many deposit
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CUL-DAR64.1.8
Note:
1872.02.03
What can worms live on as they frequent earth under paving stones or
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 8 Feb. 3d. /72/ What can worms live on as they frequent earth under paving stones or Tiles — where very little vegetation (or near as in Roman's case can live between joints, I think I must have erred in regard to Lawn a day or 2 ago is saying that worm live almost eating within 5 inches of surface, for I find in my own field in Red clay worm at some feet depth after long period. Does the casting get mixed with black earth, so not commonly appear red
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CUL-DAR64.1.9
Note:
1872.02.03
In garden-earth often dug many worms & few castings & now I have
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 9 Feb 3/72/ In garden-earth often dug, many worms few castings now I have positively ascertained that they throw their castings in the old burrow, which are but wasted. celery earthed With celery earthed up there are spaces between them, there I find casts filled up with the castings — Does that not indicate that they come to nearest point to cast up? Or do they go there for decayed leaves
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CUL-DAR63.34
Note:
1872.02.22
Worms / Dr Forbes says he has good reason for believing that changes of
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 34 Feb 22/72 Worms Dr Forbes says he has good reason for believing that changes of temperature not only the sun even deep down, owing to percolation of water has important influence of disintegration. — Water with carb acid not only removes matter, but combine form new minerals (not yet published) exerts purpose by expansion. Agrees about frost Tropics — Agrees that fragment in bath of water carbonic acid more acted on the freely exposed rocks
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CUL-DAR63.112
Note:
1872.03.07
Worms / After showing that castings washed down — give evidence from Teg
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 112 March 7/72 Worms After showing that castings washed down — give evidence from Teg Down Valley [Winchester] with wood-cut — thickness in bottom wd have been much greater had it not been for flow during storms — 2d percolation with Chalk [3d] dissolution of chalk (for mould casting consist largest of carbonate of lime carbon) The dissolution explains thickness of mould on chiller downs These go on the old Ridge Furrows Also old Ruins. Percolation of
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CUL-DAR63.113-114
Note:
1872.03.30
I have been considering again William's section of Teg Down & looking at
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that worms live almost exclusively in surface — In certain considerable spaces of the valley the castings the mould whitish chiefly formed of C. of Lime. — What can make the worms percolate the chalk in these spaces alone? I buried leaves in Garden 6 weeks ago lately looked at then, all rotted worms abounded; Frank finds bits of bark straw in gizzard so that I believe they certainly select decaying veg. matter swallow so much Earth at least in large part, as means of burrowing. This shown by
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CUL-DAR63.113-114
Note:
1872.03.30
I have been considering again William's section of Teg Down & looking at
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the worms; considering how much matter annually passing through their alimentary canal, thus triturating action in the formation of the finest mould ought not to be quite [implanted] considering the disintegration of mushy beneath the turf
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CUL-DAR63.113-114
Note:
1872.03.30
I have been considering again William's section of Teg Down & looking at
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formed? If much adding worms burrowing into chalk it wd contain as much carb. of lime — On other hand the castings when turn on surface wd have been dissolved — Yet. W. [William] is convinced as I am that there is much washing down. — This rather greater thickness of mould at bottom of valley agrees with them, the percolation of mould elsewhere into the chalk. — In fact when mould only few inches thick many castings then quite black; here we hope evidence, as I had in my field over red clay This
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King (p. 3) on the washing down of the big-castings disintegrated by the sun rounded by light showers. Washed down the mountain-sides during rains.— Second-query p. 3. disintegration of casts during dry season— this is very marked. ready for dispersal by wind.— do also Dr King. saw them in similar [illeg] during dry season— do in Sikkim p. 3 measurements of castings (over) [The remainder is the transcription from Correspondence vol. 20, pp. 423:] p. 3. (b) has never seen worms below 2 1/2 feet
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online (1 Abstract of J. Scott on Worms. Sept 25/72/ p. (1) Error in last letter. ─ very soon ater the water has disappeared from the Rice field, the surface is studded with full-sized castings. Also very soon after the Rice-fields are flooded are dry the surface studded with castings appear, but long existed them before, in very large numbers on any small [illeg] track which remains dry. Mr Scott does not know whether the worms migrate from the flooded
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CUL-DAR63.81-82
Note:
1872.10.22--1872.10.24
After several wet days & much rain last night almost all the recent
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Worms Oct 23d / 72/ 3) Knole — There is artificial bank, behind Rifle largest in Park, the sides of which slope at angle of about 45° or 50°. One side (N) covered with thick, long coarse grass, but worms bring their castings to surface. There others on opposite side had flowered much down; other older ones were crumbling rolling down. There can be no doubt that a steep turf around trenches wd in the course of several centuries become gully [illeg] slope [illeg] by action of worms. Oct. 24th
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CUL-DAR63.81-82
Note:
1872.10.22--1872.10.24
After several wet days & much rain last night almost all the recent
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The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online 81 Knole Oct 22. 1872 Worms After several wet days much rain last night, almost all the recent castings have subsided; those on the steep slopes even where covered with coarse grass, have manifestly flowed a little downwards. This was manifest from the shape of the smooth, flattened, conical heap, was proved in some cases in which I found the orifice. These castings had a larger diameter down the slope than transversely. Mem. dry pellet during dry
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CUL-DAR133.3.1
Printed:
1873--1882
[Letter to F. W. Hutton, 20 April 1861]. In Hutton, Darwinism a lecture by F. W. Hutton
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years, it cannot add up and perceive the full effects of the many slight variations accumulated during an almost infinite number of generations, and he ends as follows: It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing in the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so
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A293
Periodical contribution:
Cobbold, T. S. 1873. Notes on Entozoa-Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 736-742, 1 plate.
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afterwards lost, through the carelessness of an attendant. The worm was about four inches in length, much thicker than those in the heart, and of a dusky hue. The thoracic viscera were removed en masse, when the lungs were found studded throughout with miliary tubercle. The worms were chiefly in the right ventricle of the heart, entwined and laced amongst the column carne , being embedded and surrounded by blood-clot. The left side of the heart was quite free from worms; and there were none in the
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F1974
Periodical contribution:
Darwin, C. R. 1873. [Note on nematodes 'from the stomach of an American Ostrich at Bahia Blanca, North Patagonia, in 1832']. In Cobbold, T. S. Notes on Entozoa-Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 737.
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Darwin, C. R. 1873. [Note on nematodes 'from the stomach of an American Ostrich at Bahia Blanca, North Patagonia, in 1832']. In Cobbold, T. S. Notes on Entozoa—Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47 (18 November): 737. [page] 737 1. FILARIA HORRIDA (Diesing). The first number and private reference on the list of a series of parasites which I received from Mr. Darwin in August 18691 refers to a set of worms obtained by him from the stomach of an American
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A293
Periodical contribution:
Cobbold, T. S. 1873. Notes on Entozoa-Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 736-742, 1 plate.
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me that Dr. Little, of Shanghai, is diligently engaged in working out the structure and development of the parasite. Dr. Krabbe, of Copenhagen, has likewise supplied some interesting particulars; but, in the absence of any references, I am led to conclude time the Danish author's observations are based on the previously published statements of Prof. Leidy ( Husdyrenes Indvoldsorme, Tidsskrift for Vet. 2den R kke, ii. 1872). On the the 15th of April last I examined a number of these worms, two
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A293
Periodical contribution:
Cobbold, T. S. 1873. Notes on Entozoa-Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 736-742, 1 plate.
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prefatory remarks, it is only necessary to add further that in this serial record no particular order of description will be observed beyond that which a mere general group-affinity may occasionally suggest as natural, convenient, or suitable. 1. FILARIA HORRIDA (Diesing). The first number and private reference on the list of a series of parasites which I received from Mr. Darwin in August 1869 refers to a set of worms obtained by him from the stomach of an American Ostrich at Bahia Blanca, North
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A293
Periodical contribution:
Cobbold, T. S. 1873. Notes on Entozoa-Part I. [Read 10 October] Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 47: 736-742, 1 plate.
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the Filaria immitis appears to have been the sole cause of the death of the dogs in question, the ventricles and auricles being completely blocked by the presence of a large number of these worms. To Prof. Bennett of Edinburgh I am also indebted for a single specimen taken from another Chinese dog, the original preparation of the heart, as I saw it in 1850, resembling in all respects the specimens which I have now in my possession. As, in my recently published 'Manual of the internal Parasites
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F944
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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ckel maintains that it ought to form a distinct class in the vertebrate kingdom. This fish is remarkable for its negative characters; it can hardly be said to possess a brain, vertebral column, or heart, c.; so that it was classed by the older naturalists amongst the worms. Many years ago Prof. Goodsir perceived that the lancelet presented some affinities with the Ascidians, which are invertebrate, hermaphrodite, marine creatures permanently attached to a support. They hardly appear like animals
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F944
Book:
Darwin, C. R. 1874. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. 2d ed. 10 thousand. London: John Murray.
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195-6 { Darkness of skin a protection against the sun. 250 199-206 { Note by Professor Huxley on the development of the brain in man and apes. 256 209-210 { Special organs of male parasitic worms for holding the female. 275-6 224-5 { Greater variability of male than female; direct action of the environment in causing differences between the sexes. 290 235 { Period of development of protuberances on birds' heads determines their transmission to one or both sexes. 301 243-4 Causes of excess of
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