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[in another hand:] (A version of this in The different forms of flowers. 1877 pp. 235_

Conclusions. Red Cowslips. 1865 — not quite so fertile as common cowslips

From seed from sent me by Mr Scott saved from a red Cowslip which presented the remarkable anomaly of the pistil being of the same length with stamen & may therefore be called equal-styled, I raised 20 plants. All these had red flowers of nearly the only slightly varying shades & sizes & like their parent; this deserves notice because it has been stated in Hort. works that colour is never transmitted by vars, of Primula,— a belief arising no doubt from ignorance that these dimorphic plants are always crossed by insects with by some adjoining individual.

Of these 20 red-colo flowered plants, to se only two ar were properly long-styled, resembling both in position of stamens, & sti of pistil & in male & female function ordinary long-styled cowslips.

Six plants were equal-styled, but the length of the pistil varied a little, the stigma being actually surrounded & pressed by the anthers, or standing a very little below them. This point however, was variable, for on in some tresses of flowers in two of the plants, the p stigma was at first a little beneath the anthers, & in others rose a little above the anthers. & some plants were short & long-style in most years

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Conclusions, Red Cowslips. 1865

The remaining 12 plants were short-styled, but here again the length of the pistil varied & in some was considerably longer than in a true short-styled wild cowslip. —

These 18 plants equal-styled & short-styled plants in the position of the anthers at the top of the tube of the corolla were all strictly resembled short-styled wild cowslips, as did they in the size of the pollen-grains (mingled, however, with some shrivelled & bad grains), & in the its generative power of the pollen: for I fertilised heteromorphically legitimately with this pollen from an equal-styled plant, so flo long-styled flower of the common cowslip flowers & got 6 pods, yielding an average of 34.4 seed, whereas seven pods of a short-styled common cowslip, homomorphically illegitimately fertilised with the same pollen yielded an average of of only 14.5 seed, which proves that the pollen of in function, as in size, resembled that of the short-styled common cowslip

These 18 plants which are identical in their male attributes with Short-styled Cowslips & the majority of which resemble in structure of female part the same form differ in a remarkable manner in their powers

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Conclusion Red Cowslips 1865

of reproduction. We know that short-styled Cowslips (look to my paper) are absolutely sterile when insects are excluded; & when fertilized with their own pollen they they set but few pods & these yield only an average of about 10 seeds per pod, & only few of these seeds germinate. Now most of the flowers in all (I believe), of the short-styled & equal-styled Red Cowslips produce pods which yielded from an average of 41 pods 34 seeds & if 4 pods be excluded with less than 15 seeds each, the average rises to 37 seeds. (The several plants differ a little in fertility, thus one equal st. gave an average for 9 pods of no less than 45.2 seeds, another short-st self fertilized gave 35.6 seeds for 10 pods. Some others were a little less fertile. These seeds moreover germinated profusely. The explanation of this remarkable contract between the wild short-st. & the Red short- & equal-st. is that as with some insects one side is male & the other side is female, so with these Red Cowslips the 2 sexual forms which ought to be on separate plants are here united in the same flower;— the male organs being short-st, the female organs being in function tho' not in structure long-st. Hence their union is heteromorphic & fully fertile (this view will require by experiment further confirmation

Mr Scott has stated that the parent equal-st Red Cowslip was more fertile with its own pollen

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Conclusion Red Cowslips 1865

than with that of the Common Cowslip. (see his paper what pollen was used). With my seedlings this conclusion is only in appearance & not strictly true; for 20 flowers were fertilized with their own pollen & they they produced only 10 pods, which yielded an average of 26.7 seed. 26 flowers were fert. by both pollens of the Common Cowslip (for I did not know then which to use) & they produced 17 pods having on an average 27.0 seed so that a greater proportional number set, & yielded a little greater average.

If all poor pods with less than 15 seed on both sides be rejected a greater number will have to be rejected in those fert. by their own pollen, & the average no. of seed produced by the pollen of the common C. is considerably increased. But we have seen that the average of the spontaneously self-fert. flowers is 34 34 & so considerably greater, & if a very few viz 4 poor pods with less than 15 be rejected the average rises to 37. But this greater fertility of the spontaneous self-fert. flowers over those artificially fert. by their own pollen may be accounted for by the absence of manipulation in the former case (as Gärtner has shown) & the repeated natural applications of their own pollen on the best days & hours. Hence I conclude that the view above given is correct & that these Red Cowslips are a sort of compound Hermaphrodite formed by the union of one sexual form from each of the two Hermaphroditic forms.

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add about Inheritance, including colour — crossed plants grandchildren—