(31

[Note in another hand:] p. 168

(31

Ch. VI.

made with ordered the old & young elephant to trumpet; & we repeatedly all three distinctly, saw with both animals that just as the trumpeting began the orbicular muscles, especially the lower ones, were distinctly contracted.  On a subsequent day occasion the keeper made the old elephant trumpet much more loudly, & invariably both the upper & lower orbicular muscles were strongly contracted, & now in an equal degree.

It is a singular fact that on two occasions, at the interval of a year, the African elephant the African elephant, which however is so different from the Indian species that it is placed by some naturalists in a distinct sub-genus, were when made on two occasions to trumpet loudly, but exhibited no trace of the contraction of the orbicular muscles.) could be detected.)

From the several foregoing distinct cases with respect to man, there can, I think, be no doubt that with man the contraction of the muscles round the eyes, during violent expiration, or when the expanded chest is forcibly compressed, is in some manner, intimately related to connected with the secretion of tears.

This holds good under widely different emotions, & independently of any emotion being at the time aroused experienced.

(24

[Note in another hand:] Desc. of Man, p. 121/2

Chapt 3

power of speech; yet they but are much given to imitation.

They are strong, & remarkably active, & continually gamboling, jumping about & make & making grimaces. They are apt to often ascend stairs on all-fours; & they are curiously fond of climbing up furniture or trees. We are thus reminded of the delight shewn by almost all boys in climbing trees; & this again reminds us how lambs & kids, originally alpine animals, delight to frisk on any little hillocks however small.) in this flat pastures.

(Reversion. — Many of the cases to be here given might have been introduced introduced under the last heading. Whenever a structure is arrested in its development, but still continues growing until it resembles in a striking manner a corresponding structure in some lower forms member of the same group, we may consider it as probably a case of reversion. For The lower forms in any members in a group give us some idea how

[Fragment of Descent 1: 154 draft on piece of paper pasted on:] various [text excised]

been acquired by man at a very early period through sexual selection.) as we shall see when we treat of this