(25

[Note in another hand:] pp. 163/4

(25

Ch VI.

Causes of the secretion of tears. ─ it is an important fact which must bear on be brought into account any theory of the copius secretion under certain emotions of tears urge thatwhenever the muscles round the eyes are strongly & involuntarily contracted in order to compress compress the blood-vessels & thus to protect the the eyes, tears are secreted, often in sufficient abundance to roll down the face; & cheeks. This occurs under the most opposite emotions, or under no emotion at all. The sole exception, & this is only a partial one, to the existing existence of some relation to their relation between between the a strong & involuntary & strong contraction of these muscles round the eye muscles & the secretion of tears, is that of infants whilst through screaming with their eyelids firmly closed, do not weep, until they have arrived at attained the age of from two to three or four months; though their eyes then become suffused with tears at a

[pasted over] when [pasted over]

much earlier age. It would appear, as already remarked, that the lacrymal glands have do not, from the want of practice or some other cause, come to full functional at a very early period of life. With children, at a somewhat later age, the crying out or wailing

(18

[Note in another hand:] Desc. of Man pp. 116/7

(18

Ch. 3

strength of their coats. When our Kidney disappears cease acting from disease, the other grows grows larger & does double work. Bones increase not only in thickness, but in length, from carrying a greater weight.*(18) Different occupations habitually followed lead to modified changed proportions in various parts of the body: it was clearly ascertained by the United States Commission*(19) that the sailors employed in the late war, though on are  average shorter than the soldiers, had legs 0.217 of an inch longer; on an average that those of the soldiers, whilst their arms were shorter by 1.09 of an inch, & therefore out of all proportion to shorter compared to in relation to their lesser height. In the sailors, also, the girth of the neck, & the thick depth of the instep are greater, whilst the chest, waist & hips were less in circumference than the corresponding [text excised] in the soldiers.

[text excised] modification ofthe

[Note in another hand:] Desc. of Man p. 155

most defenceless animals in the world, & that in the early & less highly developed condition must he would have been the case in an equal or greater degree during his earlier states. Thus, as equally or still more defenceless. The Duke of Argyll, for instance, insists*(66) that the human frame has diverged [text excised] in the direction of