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June 1. 1861. Saxifraga. London Pride (Bentham says (?) S. umbrosa same Fam. as Drosera) so important: flower stems & footstalk of leaves clothed with short hairs, composed of many cells bearing globular head, formed of many polygonal cells each cell contain mass of spherical balls of bright pink matter or fluid with granules no spiral vessel, no stomata - no cells with spiral thread, so considerably different structure; but the heads secrete yellowish viscid fluid, which catches a good many minute Diptera; (like glands on flowers of Azalea or buds of Horse Chesnut) - The hair do not bend towards the caught fly, & probably are of no use, merely accidental effect of viscid excretion or as a protection against enemies - Hence perhaps structure of Drosera arose from accidental cause since utilised, but how movement arose God knows. - The glands exposed to C. of

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Ammonia. (4 gr to oz) had footstalks transparent & colourless; but after exposure to solution for a few minutes, a collection of granules were aggregated at basal end of cells, The skin with glands were torn off, & this action always (I tried several times) affected lower cells & gradually travelled up the pedicle, till it reached the globular head, which then changed colour & the [2 words illeg] matter in the many polygonal cells became more aggregated. This reverse to what takes place in Drosera. (Though there must be passage of sap to gland for copious secretion in Drosera.) (On other hand, I found globular heads of hairs which had caught gnat, dead for some time, colourless & apparently almost empty - was this death from dead body; but it shows that there must be some absorpt. There were some star-shaped Hairs on stalks very long stems like Dionæa [sketch]

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(Saxifraga)

I have now tested the colourless heads which had caught fly with ammonia & I see in one clearly that segregation in pedicle has worked down from top to bottom as in Drosera - very curious. All the rest affected as before. The content of the star - not affected by C. of Ammonia - no segregation. The segregation in pedicles of hair, first fine granular, almost collect into almost solid masses.

June 2d. Examined anothr piece with dead-fly. Several Hairs with pale dirty purple colour & contents of cell as differ again generally looking softened & more aggregated, ie with the little globules

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or granules of red matter in polygonal cells more confluent; but sometimes these are larger & mor spherical. - Stripped rind off & left in C. of Am. (4 gr. to i oz) & same process as before took place in all the bright red-headed hairs & likewise in the basal cells of those which had touched flies; (it is mistake or no general rule aggregation at upper end of cell; (but those Hairs which had touched the fly, presented this remarkable case, that some of the cells near the head were filled with segregated granular matter, which I never saw in other hairs but a small collection alone of such matter at basal end of cell I think this proves that the sap had absorbed something from the fly, which made an abundance of sap in adjoining cells ready to be aggregated by C. of Amm; & scarcely a doubt useful to plants.

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(Saxifraga)

June 3d

I have worked all & have changed opinion: (1') Examined in dry state hairs to which 4 minute flies were attached colour not differnt. 2d no vast number of Flies caught, & when caught generally by wings or end of tarsi. -3d Very little power of Heads; for when I took off strip of rind with hairs, the act of segregation always proceeded up the hairs from cell to cell: I observe segregation in these bits of rind is always at that end of cell at which the C. of Ammonia is absorbed. (N. B red matter in pedicles of some of the Hairs.)

Put a bent stem with not cut end, in C. of Amm. (4 gr. to 1 oz) for 1 1/2 hour; & only a few

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heads were discoloured, in very conspicuous manner; there was no segregation in cells of rind or bark. —

Left another bent stem in for 3 3/4º; again some of the head dark blackish-green - much dull purple; some hardly changed - no segregation in pedicle or in cells in rind. – (There can be hardly any absorption.)

June 4 Bent stalk after 23º in C. of am. Heads all much blackened; great segregation forming spherical ball of granular matter had run down, & clearly had run down all the pedicles of Hairs, & had even spread apparently into cells of back at base. But this not quite certain, for few spheres elsewhere; but what is certain nothing like the action in a cut off piece of rind. A few of smaller Hairs were still purple. This same specn, when peeled & put in C. of Am. in 15' showed much segregation in cells of rind at cut ends

this proves that C. of am. permeates much quicker from cell to cell internally than through glandular Heads, but very considerablyquicker through glandular Heads than through exterior walls of cells in rind.

[bis 6]

I tried some Barberry flower with sol. of C of Ammonia, does not cause movement – touch with human hair on inside of filament does cause it.-

Exactly as in Drosera

This is important part. {

Here we have possible genesis of Division{

/over

[6v]

(Put 4 atoms of meat on Hairs & left for 23º. no clear effect produced - Examined another fly no effect - We must conclude that no use made of caught flies.

All that we can say greater potential permeability to C. of Ammonia than in skin or outer-cells of Bark.

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June 9th 61. Eliz sent me a Saxifrage. with longer hairs on flower-stalks; heads pale brown - in 30' to C. of ammonia 4 gr to 1 oz these became bright yellowish green ,& segregation in many had proceeded down 2 or 3 segments - so much more absorption than in S. umbrosa. No segregation in stems not exposed to C. of Ammonia. In a cut-off bit put in C. of Ammonia the 2 cut ends absorbed & segregation ran up the hair, near these 2 ends. Segregation always at nearest end to absorption

I believe the Saxifraga was S. rotundifolia