(80

Chapt. 11.

be willing in concert with others to defend his fellow-men & would be ready to aid them in any way which did not too greatly interfere with his own welfare & his own strong desires.

The social animals which stand low in the scale are almost exclusively guided, & those which stand higher, are largely guided in the aid which they give to the members of the same community by special instincts; but likewise by mutual love & sympathy, assisted apparently by some slight degree of reasoning power. Man has no special instincts to tell him how to act in aid his fellow-man; but he still has the impulse, & from his intellectual faculties being highly advanced, he would naturally be much guided by reason & experience. From retaining sympathy, he would value the approbation of his fellow-men, & would attend more or less to their wishes, as expressed by their features, gestures, &

[Descent 1: 85-6: "He would from an inherited tendency still be willing to defend, in concert with others, his fellow-men, and would be ready to aid them in any way which did not too greatly interfere with his own welfare or his own strong desires.
The social animals which stand at the bottom of the [p. 86] scale are guided almost exclusively, and those which stand higher in the scale are largely guided, in the aid which they give to the members of the same community, by special instincts; but they are likewise in part impelled by mutual love and sympathy, assisted apparently by some amount of reason. Although man, as just remarked, has no special instincts to tell him how to aid his fellow-men, he still has the impulse, and with his improved intellectual faculties would naturally be much guided in this respect by reason and experience. Instinctive sympathy would, also, cause him to value highly the approbation of his fellow-men;"]