A

July 9th /73/

Dionæa 8˚ 20'

Leaf with white thread under 1/10 of inch square of white & egg (boiled 1/2 hour) & parallelogram of pure gelatine 2/10' long & 1/10th broad, moistened with saliva.

(July 11d 8˚ leaf open in not capable of shutting, all filament touched or midrib touched; with a little acid liquid along line of midrib. & a very minute moss film of brown matter fibrous with fungus & with a few decayed glands which had dropped off.— clearly remains of albumen, more than plant cd absorb.)

Leaf with black thread with albumen 1/10' of inch square except that only 1/20' of inch thick & gelatine as above

July 17' 9˚ 20'. cut open leaf & examined carefully under microscope; not a vestige of any solid atoms, much fluid very slightly adhesive, could be just drawn out into very short threads, very acid— Glands present a beautiful appearance each consist of a symmetrical group of purple dots, owing to aggregation of contents of each cell.— (8 days enclosed) no trace of decay or fungus fibres as in albumen & gelatine on moss. (The purple much aggregated masses slowly change form, certainly I saw 2 almost divided masses become confluent.

Leaf with black & white thread— do cubes of albumen & gelatine as before moistened with water. (disc at ∟ to pedicel.) N. B gelatine 1/20 square pure diffusion very thin sheets. (over)

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July 11th 8˚ 30' Red stick & Black wool latter did not close well— White of egg 1/20 of inch broad & thick & 3/20 long.— Gelatine 1/10 broad 2/10 long — White wool. do.

(Black wool July 14th 8˚ 30' is now well closed) (July 23d 8˚, Black leaf now open but torpid will not close when touched: no vestige of any object, but a very little fluid at one end of ditch by midrib.

Red Wool

July 11' 9˚ 30 cut into 1/10th of inch long above & below tentacles parallel to midrib.

& 2 rather longer ones at ∟' to midrib.

[Section crossed, not transcribed]

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1873

Dionæa

July 10th— Compared touched tentacles after 23˚, & which were pale purple & could see no segregation; so this must be given up.

The sensitive filaments including joints are rather above the 1/20' of an inch in length viz 6/100 by micrometer—.

The angle of lamina of leaf to pedicel, does not change after clasping an object.

As the leaves do not close at first close together, there are oval orifices between the bases of the spike left for some little time open, through which any small insects could escape; these orifices in their smallest diameter in large largest leaves are from above the 1/20th to 1/10th of an inch —

The two lobes of the leaves do not lie are far from lying flat or horizontally but are inclined to each other at an less than a right angle; of each lobe, is curved outwards— I have observed more carefully angle a little less than right angle. The 2 lobes being thus inclined to each other most manifestly favor catching an insect.)

I have seen 2 leaves with no trace of central sensitive filament, nearest to midrib & I formerly saw one with them rudimentary

[Av]

(July 12th It is all nonsense about the spiral vessel in spikes ending in cells. —)

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1873

Dionæa

July 11. Exposed 2 leaves to S. Ether (30 minim in 1 oz measure) for 30' one closed after a time, as did the other, whilst removing the glass. These seemed killed

24˚ [+] 21 [=] 45

Examined leaf July 11. 11˚30', white & black string on which on July 9th 8˚ 20' a cube of albumen 1/10 of inch. has been exposed & parallelogram of gelatine 1/10' of in. broad & 2/10' long— Cut open leaf abounded with acid fluid so as to drop off. — The albumen was in a very different state from that wh had been exposed for equal time on leaf of Drosera, for it was hardened, & compressed by pressure of leaf & angles very little removed, but it was beautiful to see how the little glands had corroded an exact model, or could it have been prolonged pressure??—

Anyhow the gelatine, at the decaying end of leaf, where fluid wd. have most collected, the gelatine was completely rounded & a little removed. Manifestly the angles had been completely corroded & dissolved. Good! [sketch]

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July 14th 8˚ 30' Dionæa

Touched 2 leaves which had slits two parallel slits to midrib (made on the 11th) & on inner both sides of filament 1/10th of an inch long & they moved, but very slowly after a long interval — This proves that stimulus can be transmitted indirectly, at right angles to midrib; both laminæ moved. —

A leaf with 2 slits at right-angles to midrib moved much more quickly when touched.

(July 17th One leaf with the 2 slits parallel to midrib did not move till touched 2 or 3 times & this both sides. — The second leaf did not move at all when filament touched repeatedly; but when pricked at base shut, but this was effected by the closure of the opposite lamina.— (July 22d touched fine leaf with like 2 slits parallel to midrib certainly opposite lamina alone moved.)

Touched one with 2 slits at ∟' to midrib, & here again the opposite lamina alone moved.— so that it seem that the slits prevent or check movements in the one operated on, but does not prevent transmission of influence to opposite side. (over)

[Cv]

July 20th I tried one of leaves with slits parallel to midrib when filament was touched the opposite lamina alone moved.

A second leaf wd not move when thrice touched, but when needle driven in parallel near to base of filament, opposite lamina alone moved. In the third leaf with slits at ∟' to midrib, the same thing as in the last case occurred, but perhaps the same blade of leaf did move in slightest degree.

These cases show that power of transmission is retained after power of movemnt is lost. on one side of leaf.— 3 leaves

CC

July 26 17th. 8˚ 30' cube of cheese & albumen, 1/20' of inch, put in leaf which closed well yellow & Brown. —

July 26th 8˚ 15' the end with cheese open & the cube very little dissolved, but surrounded by fluid—

The end with albumen still closed, but I am not quite sure that not stuck together. (July 28th 8˚ opened leaf quite dry, a mere vestige of the albumen blackened left; the cube of cheese softened very nearly of original size.) (Dionæa)

[in margin:] One end of leaf will open independently

A cube of roasted Beef 1/10' of inch & a little sphere of Bread put on leaf on the 21' 8˚ 15' — open on 29th 8˚ & not sensitive to touch with much fluid on midrib so that it run off into a glass fully acid. Meat consists of separate small atoms in a very fibrous condition & disintegrated atoms of white bread— fluid very little viscid. The fibres of the meat all separated at slightest touch; owing Frank says to Santorium long been acted on. — some of the fibres consisted of little spheres of fat (?) held together by flocculent matter. Great many other fibres showed transverse striae — No trace of fungus or decay.

July 30th I have been examining with Frank, under Compound, the fibres of meat — some show no trace of transverse striae — others merest trace, & others, probably from centre, quite plain striae. The globules are probably fat. —

CCC

(Dionæa)

July 14 11th /73/ 8˚ 30' (White wool) Cab albumen 1/20' of inch broad & thick & 3/20 long; & gelatin 1/10 broad & 2/10 long put in leaf — On 24th 8˚ Am. I found leaf firmly closed & half withered. Everything absorbed & disappeared, except an atom of brown matter at one point. I know not whether albumen or gelatine

Brown & Blue wool (continued from other page B) the atom of cheese orange & quite soft, I think a little reduced. The closed end of leaf opened in same afternoon of yesterday (viz July 23d) & there was here a large drop of viscid matter, not acid.— The leaf cd. not digest all the albumen — Leaf quite torpid. As yet I have never found leaf which had closed over fly or any organic matter which was not torpid when it opened — sometimes dies closed.

(D

Dionæa

July 17th.— Cutting off leaf through foliaceous pedicel & driving pin through it near leaf causes no movement. (I put small leaf in boiling water, I think the laminæ diverged. I then took fine large leaf & with horn [sketch] estimated the divergence at 80° & put it in vertically into boiling water & it suddenly diverged; so that the angle was afterwards 90°.— In The purple glands become colourless & white but not so soon as with Drosera & the appearance presented is not so striking as with the glands of Drosera. — The divergence of the lamina is like that of tentacles of Drosera in boiling water — Does it indicate that when killed the diverging force is stronger than the converging, & that there is always tendency to diverge as in split stems of dandelion.—

At bottom of 2 laminæ there is a narrow flat space, the surface of which presents a different appearance from the end of the leaf though it has some glands— Now I fastened unexp open leaf on microscope & carefully measured width between 2 points on the

(E

extreme margin of this ditch, & found the 17 division of (1/200 micrometer weak eye-piece tube closed) & then touched a tentacle & leaf snapped together,

I then measured between the 2 point & found the distance only 15 divisions.—

(I have now sliced off the surface of the ditch & base of the 2 blades, & then turned the slice upside down, so that I had a section just below the ditch & there is a conspicuous difference in the structure: underneath the ditch (& ∴ some way above the bundle bundle of vascular vessels in the mid-rib.) there is thick layer of small orbicular cells, which abruptly change in lamina on both sides into irregular cells twice as large. — It is these small cells which contract.

July 18th Plane of leaf, when open nearly flat, moves inwards as it shuts, & if organic matter, afterwards closes closely. This latter movement one of the most remarkable which occurs, as different from that excited by mechanical contact & specialised

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(Dionæa)

July 18th. 73/ I have been trying several large leaves which had caught flies & had opened & all more or less torpid. — (Dionæa Paper)

(I put a fresh & vigorous looking leaf which had caught a fly some time before & would not close when touched, in boiling water & I again distinctly saw the 2 laminæ open a little.)

Boiling Water on Drosera

(I put some inflected leaves of Drosera (by decoction of cabbage into boiling water, & those that were only slightly expanded became straight, but not those greatly inflected. — The inflected tentacles only become slightly curv uncurved; so that boiling water acts rather differently on inflected & on normal tentacles)

[Left margin:] (It is certain the well-inflected tentacles do not expand by boiling water)

[Right margin:] (Keep) Drosera

(Leaves, which are half torpid with a fly or other animal matter incurled & which do not close well, subsequently in a day or 2 are acted on by the animal matter & close quite closely)

a Remnant We here have a trace of of the power possessed by of Drosera viz of [illeg] when glands [illeg] by acting on Ether we may call it a remnant, if I believe Dionæa is descendent from some form with structure & habit like Drosera.—

[Fv]

In t. of central disc

[110]

Section of leaf of Dionæa

July 19th [sketch]

At bottom of ditch the cells are smaller than bel in middle of lamina of leaf & within midrib

These smaller cells are full much fuller of granular matter

[110v]

[Draft of Expression]

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(Dionæa)

The flat base is so narrow that I cannot measure with compass.—

I suspect whole mid-rib thick as well as base. [sketch]. 36 of inch.

As leaf become curved midrib must bend.

on July 11th I put some white of egg 1/20th of inch thick & broad & 3/20 long (Red stick), & piece of thin gelatine 1/10' broad & 2/10 long in leaf, & on July 18' opened the leaf— all had disappeared & only moderate ament of fluid in leaf.

July 20th Exposed leaf for 20' to 15 minim of sulphuric Ether; but the leaf closed partially & was then insensible to filament being touched) (21st closed when touched but rather torpid after 24˚)

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July 20th /73/

I had a leaf out of which I cut out a square square piece (X). & aft after leaf had [sketch] X

opened again I put on with needle some minute spot of indigo blue, I sa close to the mid-rib, where the surface appeared quite flat & measured their distances, under 1 inch object (tube drawn out 2 inches) & 1/200 micrometer. —[sketch]

I then touched filament & leaf closed — the surface near midrib still seemed flat, though the marginal part of blade had become greatly incurved. I measured the same identical spots again, & the two nearest nearest to the mid-rib were 1/1000 or 2/1000 nearer together, & the distance between the 2 furthest dots were 5/1000 or 1/200 of an inch nearer together. As the total distance between the most distant point was originally 80/1000 of inch apa apart, & were after inflecting inflection 75/1000 apart the inner surface of leaf had contracted contracted 5/80 of measure or 1/16 of whole. distance first measured. The contraction

(over)

[Hv]

July 25th I have just f. a leaf, which had caught a moderately sized fly & had opened, & which closed rather slowly, when filament was touched.—