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May 31. 74.

Pinguicula.from N. Wales

Leaves thickly covered with minute drops of viscid fluid not acid — Horace & Marshall says catches insects.

8º 40'. put on atoms of albumen, fibrin, meat, & casein on same leaf & bit of glass

9º some inflection

9º 40' acid under Casein (Casein self acid) not under glass.

10 30' I feel sure secretion has incurved round all (acid?)

(width from edge to edge between good 2 lots ⊙ ⊙)

12º I am sure secretion increased; not acid round albumen; acid round meat, but then I find the meat is acid. —

Much incurved round casein — not much or at all under glass— but acid

2º 30' secretion has spread widely round & below albumen & meat less so round casein & fibrin

9º 30 i.e. after 8h. the viscid secretion, which can be drawn out in threads has now now run down

3/40th of an inch below the end of bit of albumen, the leaf here sloping, & so round meat, but more laterally — the involuted edge wd be very valuable if secretion copious— I think lower end of albumen certainly rounded. — rather less round casein & fibrin; & none has run from glass. — Secretion round albumen I think not acid, but am not positive there is not a shade of pink. —

Digestion

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June 1st

Pinguicula

8º 45' ends of albumen rounded — secretion is found by the inverted edge into which it has run. — Albumen broke by a touch; ends of upper portion now square. Very doubtfully acid & so with less secretion round fibrin

no secretion from glass — Fibrin much disintegrated(?)

Jun 3d 8º 30' not all the meat, albumen casein or fibrin dissolved, but they were small atoms — much of albumen dissolved; all dry except lower bit of albumen.

(9º 5' put small drop of skimmed milk where blue glass stood.)

(9º, 9' put large fly on old leaf. red stick.) 7º P.m much secretion.—

(12º milk & fly excite secretion) — (I think milk curdled.)

7º milk certainly curdled (Jun 3d 8º A.m. almost all the curds dissolved & what little is left seem to consist chiefly of oil globules

1st 2º 30' 4 atoms of albumen & 3 of fibrin on old leaf stick with pin, (7º have both caused much secretion.)

Jun 2d. 8º The bit of meat excessively softened, cannot be touched with needle without separating. —

Albumen rendered very transparent, excessively softened— rounded — the lower bit almost dissolved.— The secretion round albumen very doubtfully acid.

(The secretion rather drying up round the fibrin)

I now feel certain that secretion round albumen is fully acid— having dipped tip of the litmus twice into it, after drying first time

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Pinguicula

Jun 2d. 8º Am (put on June 1. 12º) The fully killed fly has excited very much secretion, more than other objects, & is distinctly acid.

—Jun 2d 8º still secretion much round fly.) 4th 8 Am. beginning to dry, secretion still acid: 5th secretion almost dry.

(I have tried the 4 bits of albumen with litmus paper & certainly acid.)

2d 8º 35 — on the same leaf (upper border) with the 4 bits of albumen, a bit of wood — dry starch — & white sugar.

(9º 45' sugar deliquesced & made very large drop which run down into marginal furrow, exosmose.) (12º the fluid has now run far down furrow, not at all acid.)

(2d 2º no secretion from wood or starch. (2º secretionfrom sugar now drying up & certainly not acid.)

Jun 2d 8º 35. on leaf opposite to fly by pin a parallelogram of moistened pure gelatine (leaf touched with indigo.)

(2º has excited very little secretion)— later, excited some, & now Jun 3d. 8º Am all liquefied & secretion acid: is gelatine acid? (yes slightly) Certainly gelatine is not liquefied so quickly by water

Jun 2d 12º Meat & fibrin now dry— albumen less secretion.

― 2d 2º of the 4 bits of albumen (about 1/50 & 1/60 cubes) 2 have quite disappeared. The glands are now dry around the dried bits of nutriment — (put on Jun 1' 2º 30)

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Pinguicula

June 3d. a rather large bit of dry starch put on yesterday & it did not for 5º 30; cause any secretion, but after an additional 2 hours or three, I saw a good deal, & this morning it has run down lateral furrow in quantity for nearly 3/4 of inch— I have never seen so much secretion: certainly not in the least acid. Some of the starch seems to have been dissolved. (Probably some gluten in starch)

June 3d. 8º 30' the 4 bits of albumen placed on leaf (p. 2) on Jun 1st at 2º 30' have now disappeared & all the secretion absorbed; of the 3 bits of fibrin can still be seen but consist of brown pulp.

I think this overlooked

Jun 2d 24º [+] 12 [+] 6 [=] 42

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Pinguicula

Jun 3d 9º A.m.

Leaf with pin — on upper part 3 bits of starch (dry)

(10º 15' one bit of starch has excited secretion) (2º 2 others have do

 6º 45' — atom of starch with festooned margin —

(4th 8º 30 the atoms of starch, & the bits of rice & pea are still wet I suspect a trace of albumen in starch or coloring matter.

Jun 5' 8º the bit of Pea still moist.)

do 9º — towards end of leaf 2 bits square of boiled rice.

2º some secretion excited.

6º 45' look very wet & transparent (4th. 8º 30' still wet

(4th. 9º. 30' I can perceive no difference under C. m. between the one of these slices & a slice kept for same time in water.) (Jun 5' 8º, the other bit of starch still wet.

Starch. 4th 8º 35' put 3 put atom of dry starch on glands close to head of pin — very minute. (5th. 8º not in the least dissolved.)

(I judge from water acid that common starch probably contains some gluten.)

(I am nearly sure minute glands hard to see secrete)

(Jun 5 I am certain minute minute glands secrete glands with very short footstalks secrete whole surface thicky covered with them)

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Pinguicula

June 3d. 9º 10' leaf with red stick at end

Towards base slices of Pea soaked for 1º (2º some secretion)

6º 45' both bits look very wet (4th 8º 30' still wet) (& s. acid)

I have now compared one of little slice with slice from pea kept for same time in water: the only difference is that latter with a multitude of fine granules, making water white & muddy, whereas in spec.from the leaf, whole slide far clearer & brighter, & granules of starch clearing, as if the granular matter had been absorbed or had become aggregated which some appearances furrowed; no there are larger aggregated masses in the water spec.— I think this is dissolution of the fine granular matter by Pinguicula, but not of starch—

Jun 3d. 9º 10'

Towards tip — seed of lettuce, cabbage & Cassia.—

6º 45 a good deal of secretion round cabbage seed. Jun 4th 8º Am so much secretion round cabbage that seed has flowed rolled off & is caught by involuted margin & secretion has flowed down edge of leaf in the channel: the secretion has flowed from place where seed first placed .35 of inch — Sec. so acid that in removing litmus paper I drew out thread at least 18 inches long— secretion acid — it may be albumen which is destroyed (Jun 5th still secretion

(Lettuce no secretion; cassia mimosoides some; but look so very thick & hard I am not surprised action slow— I changed its position.

Rice & Seeds

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Jun 4th 8º 45' Seeds soaked for 1h.

Trifolium pannonicum— Canary grass— Atriplex hortensis put little amt [illeg] on leaf with pin — 2 of each kind.

(4º 45' no secretion from any seed, or from Cassia)

Jun 5th 8º no secretionfrom any of above— Cabbage seed still most copious secretion

(Jun 7th 8º 15. 1 of clover seed has now excited secretion!

(Cabbage)↘

(Seeds) & Glass

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Jun 5' 8º A.m put on seeds of mustard— cress— Radish & Linum grandiflorum— soaked for 5m, which caused cress to be surrounded by layer of mucus. — & 3 bits of glass not quite ripe Buttercup Ranunculus & Carex at 1º —9 more more cabbage seed at (At 5º I saw a little secretion under cabbage seeds & at 7º decided under all 9 seeds.) at 5º certainly some from Ranunculus. (6th 2º ver much secretion from buttercup)

(5th. 2º very much secretion from butter-cup)— feebly acid

(Jun 6th. 8º A.m. Immense secretion from all 9 cabbage seeds)!! so as to run down to 2º. 30' some leaves (7th. 8º some cabbage seed germinating. XXX

―  great secretion feebly acid from 3 Ranunculus seeds & Carex (?) these green seeds no secretion from blue glass— (8th, 8º 15' Ranunculus still secreting Carex (?) much less at any time & now dry)

Jun 6th 5º P m Linum causes secretion

[7v]

Jun 7th 8º 20' the carex seed have certainly excited a little secretion

― Linum radish & mustard all have excited secretion — (one cress rather dry has germinated largely but I have put radicle into secretion

Jun 5th. 7º 45'

These glands now very decidedly granular but green, I think they must have been dying glands from near tip of leaf─ contents of pedicels in any case shrunk.

(7A

June 6' 8º Radish & cress & mustard now all causing secretion— radish very copious — cress & mustard seed germinating! Secretion has run down nearly 1/4 of inch from Radish seed.

Canary seed no effect

Atriplex no effect germinating

Trifolium no or little effect

Linum no effect or doubtful (acted subsequently, see other notes)

Seeds

Jun 6th 8º 20' 3 caraway— 2 turnip 2 anemone nemorosa leaf with red stick.—

7th 8º 25 Anemone great secretion— has run into channel & deflected

― Turnip some secretion

― Caraway, I think some secretion

8' 8º Anemone great— Turnip some— caraway at last some secretion plain

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Jun. 6th 9º 20' on same leaf

Wheat— onion — celery & Parsnip.—

7th 8' 7 30'— parsnip some secretion 6º 45 certainly onion, I think some. yes yes celery & wheat none, but on rather bad part of leaf

8th 8º parsnip some — one of onion some — celery none — wheat none (too big)

Seeds

Jun 7th. 8º 45' on leaf supported by stick — split lettuce seed— & bit of blade of Wheat. (2º 30; I am nearly sure secretion)

7' 6º 45 both have excited plenty of secretion

8' 8º considerable secretion slightly acid but nothing like below — We here have evidence that different kinds of seeds excite different degree of secretion on leaf supported by stick (with atom of meat & cartilage) split Trifolium pannonicum & Atriplex.— (2º 30' I am nearly sure secretion]

7' 6º 45 both copious secretion, especially Atriplex, which has run down channel —

(8' 8º A m. Prodigious (acid) secretion.)—

(So difference must lie in coats of seeds)

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Jun 8th 8º 30' — 7 of the 9 cabbage seeds put on leaves on (I believe on the 5') was taken from leaves & placed on damp sand; 2 having germinated. — (9th, 8º 2 now germinating)

15th the 3 others have not germinated & are dead; & now though cabbage seed not very good, not nearly so large a proportion as 3/7 failed to grow of seed of same lot

& 2 cress, one germinated (9' 8º the others germ. So both germinated

[in margin:] (Seeds on Sand)

& 2 mustard (9', 8º 1 mustard; both first mustards one germinating other died) germinated; the other germinated & then died — the 2 cotyledon of very unequal size, & appeared scorched scorched on outside in a patch, & radicle grew all curved crooked

& 2 radish seeds. (15th not germinated) 18th neither germinated, both seeds dead & rotten

Pinguicula

(see (over) about how good the seed was

Fresh seeds placed on opposite side of glass

[7cv]

I put at same time a large no' of fresh seeds of same lot

12th all mustard germin

all Radish except 3 (15th 2 other have germinated

all cabbage except 13

all cress (I think germinated)

15 all cabbage except 8 have germinated 16th do I fear a good many bad

Control experiment

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June 8' 8' 45' (Leaf by Pin)

2 atoms of orange Pea pollen Pollen (Gluten

9th 7º 45' has excited secretion & I think some dissolved (a single gland got an atom & has secreted copiously)

(9th 6º 45 P.m pollen nearly gone)

(10th 7º 45' almost wholly gone & nearly colourless

Over for Gluten,

8º 45' a split Celery seed which had been for 2 or 3 day on leaf & had excited no secretion

9th 7º 45 plenty of secretion from split seed; there is now a very little under fr two whole seeds placed on leaf on June 6' p 7B

(10º 7º 45' a very little under 2 old seed.

10th 7º. 30 I feel sure about incipient resecretion old on 2 old leaf, the one which was marked blue with indigo & other old leaf (see how many days, slower than Drosera) (p. 3 Jun 1' & 2d.)

Resecretion

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7D

July June 8th 10º 40' Wheat Gluten Gluten

1 bit (to right of split celery seeds)

4º 40' has excited secretion in all cases

Jun 9' 7º 45' has caused secretion, but none wholly dissolved or absorbed — one atom has flowed down into channel

(9' 6º 45' gluten by no means all gone) in any of the specimens.

(10' 7º 45 A.m gluten in same state, considerable secretion)

(3 2 bits of 3 bits on nearer side of leaf beyond 10th 7º 45' Pm these have disappeared)

Jun 11' 7º 45' A.m changed place of dry bit of gluten on lower leaf & of large bit (still wet) on further side of upper leaf.

1 bit (larger) on further side of do leaf

July 10 7º Pm all the gluten has disappeared from 3 place yet I saw it there then this morning humid, except no 1 which is now dry — I suppose chiefly absorbed, but as rendered nearly transparent, I suppose when forming these dry crust not visible on surface of leaf

(over