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1873

Dionæa

Jan. 16 11° A.m. Leaf with white wool, put bit of pure gelatine at distal end & half-cooked

(I) meat at proximal end — Leaf closed instantly.

(Jan 27th open. after 11 days.) → Gelatine disappeared — black much meat almost disappeared

do— (II) Black wool oldish leaf which had caught small fly — bit of

Feb. 9th leaf died without opening.

(III) do do meat Black & white wool like no I

(Jan 17th 8° A.m. a little open.)

11° 5. pinched open leaf & put on bit of raw meat to see if secretion.

After the opposite spikes of rather small leaf have crossed before the margins touch, there are is a space in young leaf of 7/100 (ie like 1/70 + 1/10 of inch) of inch wide thoug through which small insect which small insect could escape— The movement is so rapid they could not escape during act of movement;— so after the other passage what I have said, & say after leaf has closed, but before the margin are brought into contact, one small insect could escape.

p. 1A

Jun 30th /73/

Dionæa

I pla left the sensitive filament, cut off, in a dozen few drops under thin glass in sol. of C. of Am.

(1 2 gr. to 1 oz) for about 1° 1/2, & there was strongly marked segregation, though there was none before, for the filaments has been examined.

The filament was a very pale one, with only a trace of purple in some of the elongated spindle-formed cells; now almost, all the cells contained only a few more or less globular masses— Often 2 in pair, & sometimes many smaller globules.—

These were undergoing constant change of forms; joining each other & partially separating again.

The segregation extended down whole length. The masses though always in shape. Kept in the same place.

I could now no longer perceive the current of protoplasm in the walls, which I had previously seen Ø

[1Av]

; but there were some dark atoms in strongly marked oscillation & which seemed to revolve, though occupying the same general position; & this I suppose indicates a movement of fluid round the walls, with the atom still connected by a thread to the wall. — Or can the atom of protoplasm have spontaneous power of revolving, as well as of altering shape.

(p. 1B

Dionæa

Jun 25 /73/ Compared 2 tentacles, one after 1°. 20' & the other after 2° 30' & both showed some segregation, when viewed in water, (but seg. not visible when dry). — I cd see no difference, but them these filaments were colourless.

Jun 30. Touched 2 filaments & left 2 untouched & after 25° compared them, but cd perceive no difference in segregation: they were, however, very pal pale filaments, — I saw, however, distinctly, the flowing of protoplasm round walls of cells of one of the touched filaments.

The above leaf I observed had caught a fly, (not very small), on the 20th, perhaps several day before & on the 25' was well open again, but I think this leaf was in rather feeble state.

(p 1C)

May 30th 73/

Dionæa

(June 20th I see that a cut parallel to midrib & rather near it (see below) kill the leave in a broad radiating segment at ∠ to midrib & extending to circumference-line of [few words illeg]

8° A.m. 1st with cut above & below fil. parallel to midrib — 2d leaf with 2 cuts at ∠' to midrib Both white wool. —

June 2d. I see I made mistake & made only one cut parallel to midrib & near it, & when I touched the fil. leaf closed.

In the second leaf with 2 cuts at right-angles to mid rib— leaf closed very slowly after several touches to the filament & this look as if excitement radiatedfrom all sides. June 13th I touched them again, but no movement, & no filament caused any movement. Perhaps leaf too old.—

This morning I made 2 cuts parallel to mid-rib on the third leaf on this plant. — June 13th the portion between the slits died

Jun 13th The leaf with 2 slits parallel to midrib here figured & distances of slits given; the slits are open & daylight can be seen through, When touched very slo closed very slowly & it is a very odd circumstance that the opposed lamina of leaf also moved; showing that irritation travelled to opposite side, but did not affect the same lamina. [sketch] cut →from midrib

slits. 08 apart. 12 long

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Jan 16 1873

Do not say that glands are fewer near & round the 3 sensitive filaments for this is not always the case —

(—Leaf can be broken rather thin when opened)

X Put bit of 1/2 raw meat on one lobe at 11° 5' & with pinchers kept open. — at 2° 45' ie 3° 40' meat with s all with wet with secretion, & secretion very acid, but no other glands in the least humid, as far I can see — Probably spreading Spread by capillary attraction, when the two lobes closed==

Filament was touched & leaf closed as much as it could. 6°. 50' secretion less! 10° P.m. meat almost dry not damp

Jun 17' 9° 30 A.m. meat in same state — surprisingly softened. (compared with in water) leaf though curled curled. when pincers removed shut! (Plain match) Leaf injured. Feb. 9th Half dead & more opened)

Jan 16th Morning Black Thread apparently a woodlouse woodlouse already caught— see the state of the inside of meat when the leaf opens — (& Red Stick)

Jan 17th 9° 50' leaf meat not now very damp. Shut on filament being touched

Feb. 9th Half dead & some opened

Jan 16 at 3° Put bit of raw 1/2 raw meat on leaf damp & did not touch filaments

6° 50' not much or any secretion —4°

Jan 16' 10° P. m. fluid about meat & strongly acid— 7°

Jan 17th 9° 30' A.m. meat only damp — touched filament & leaf closed — (Marked by Plain match)

(Jan 23rd. Morning leaf opened — 6 days winter)

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Feb 12 /73/

Dionæa

10° 40' A.m.

Placed leaf with midrib in water for 35' & then ran some drops of thinnish sol. of white sugar (1/2 oz to 1 oz of water) down midrib— & down midrib of 2d leaf— & this caused no movement.— I dropped repeatedly, for drops cd not adheres, drops on sensitive filaments, but no movement.

I then immersed 3 2 above leaves & a third in the same solution, & in a few seconds all 3 leaves closed very rapidly.—

I then washed with stream of pure water throughout marginal outline leaves.

They One opened a little on morning of 14th (so keep shut longer thanfrom ordinary touch.)

A second leaf opened Feb 19th — the third leaf opened Feb 21st. —

Immerse whole leaf in water — Paint surface with sugar.

Try midrib in strong solution for 1/2 Hour & then touch filaments.—

Try 1/2 minim drop of much stronger sol. of Sugar on filaments dropping If they do not move I may feel confident it was solution acting on whole surface of leaf by exosmose.— Appearance looks as if inferior surface in tension & as soon as upper surface released closes

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Feb. 25 11°. A m Painted whole leaf, except close to sensitive filament with brush with sol. of sugar (1/2 oz to 1 oz) & left for 5-10' no movement — then placed a drop on sensitive filament, & leaf instantly closed. (Blue Stick). Washed leaf by stream opened Dionæa.—

This show filaments sensitive to exosmose & upsets all former trials.

Feb. 25th. 11. A.m. put leaf in small bottle with 5 drops of sulphuric ether & it closed spontaneously in 3' or 4'. (Yellow stick) Feb 26' 9 A m a little opened.

do.— Put another leaf in larger bottle closed with cotton wool — for 4' with 4 drops of ether, did not close, when all sensitive filaments repeatedly touched; but when I cut off end of leaf, beyond the s. filament, it closed! so sensitive to so strong a stimulus. —

(Red stick.) open Feb 27th 8 A.m. a little. The filament only had a drop of the sugar & so did not suffer so muchfrom exosmose, as the immersed leaves. This looks as if leaf wd not open till sensitive leaf recovered.

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March 5 /73/ 10° 30' A.m. Dionæa Cut off all 3 sensitive filamentsfrom leaf. (of which end had been before on Feb 25th cut off) in order to see whether the leaf can open again — It was now very sensitive. But if it however does open again, I must repeat experiment on younger leaf. —

March 11th 8° A m. A little open again

― 13 open in widest part 2/10 of inch

April 10th I hearfrom L. never opened the least more & after some weeks died.

Dionæa

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Dionæa 1873

April 14th 8° 45'. I see Leaf with 2 red sticks has caught Hairy long Legs for reopening May 19th partly open but with no power of reshutting 16/5

[in margin:] Effect of sugar slow for influence

Ap. 14th 8° 40' cut off 3 sensitive filaments on one side of 2 leaves marked with white wool.

April 15' 8° 45 one leaf partly open; the other I think beginning to open.

April 16. 8° Both leaves 2/3 open; so that cutting off all filamentsfrom one lot dies not injure leaf— & I remember cutting square holes & large portion of whole leaf did not prevent opening. N. B.

(Pinching end of leaf between thumb & finger, causes it to close?)

In a leaf with filaments cut off on one side pricking base where one removed sufficed to cause movement

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April 17 8° A. m one of leaves with white wool (now marked with black & white wool) wh. had 3 filament cut off on 14th & had opened, had now 3 others cut off & closed well.

April 19th This leaf open!!!

so cutting off all filament does not prevent opening

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Dionæa

May 1'— 1873. 2 days ago I cut drove new eye-scalpel (broad?) through leaf on inner side of 1 of upper filaments, & outer of one on opposite of leaf. This morning on touching former no effect, but on touching one on opposite side, that side of leaf alone curled in, showing that cut exteriorly to filament does not prevent movement. — I never before saw such complete independence of movement of 2 sides of a leaf. On touching other filament on side of leaf with the first filament (with cut on inner side) leaf did close in feebly (but the leaf old) & this goes to show that cut on inner side had really paralysed the leaf

A second leaf, however, with a cut with eye-scalpel on inner side, but not very close to filament, did not paralyse the leaf, both sides closed when it was roughly & twice touched, showing radiation of influence on all sides. —

8A

Dionæa

May 20th. 2° 45' P.m.

Cut with lancet 1 central filament on inner side of central sensitive filament & opposite sides on opposite outer dies of filament; a fine large leaf. —

(White wool. —)

May 23d. 8° A. m. I measured the lancet cut close on inner side of filament & it was nearly. 15 of inch in length. Whist measuring leaf closed, I suppose I touched it — try again

May 24 — touched same again, just a trace of movement, but too soon, leaf had not fully recovered — (To day (24th 8 A.m.) also made slit with lancet outside same filament, so that filament lies between 2 slits both parallel to midrib of leaf. — May 28th Touching this filament produced no effect, but pricking bit of leaf between the 2 slits caused leaf to close. Ø

[8Av]

May 23d

A large leaf formerly operated on with eye-scalpel, in which there is now large open hole on inner side, but not very close, to base of one of outer filaments, when touched caused leaf to close. May 24th This same leaf with hole on outer side of filament when touched closed in — (May 28th Repeated this observation with same result) so that cut outside or inside filament does not prevent transmission of excitement