[3]

(2

Aug 8th Utricularia

The Bladders are mainly situated near the base of the side branches, (or divisions of the leaves) & represent one of the 2 divisions, into which each branch is repeatedly divided; & probably the 2 so-called antennae represent the next bifid divisions beyond the bladder. The 4 long & sharp spines on valve directed to gateway wd prevent any creature entering laterally on that side & only lateral entrance wd be near front margin of valves; but from vertically above or beneath they might strike valve. The spines however wd direct them to opening edge. [sketch]

[4]

(3

Aug 9th put yesterday bits of raw meat on 2 valves & found them firmly caught, but only mechanically by spines surrounding valves - bears on Franks case of Entomostracan. Are they not entangled & in escaping dash against valve.

Specimen very clean: on margin of orifice there are spiracles; a little lower the row of small globular glands; lower, the long-headed glands, which have longer & longer footstalks, pointing towards the hinge. The glands with long footstalks on the valve, point towards the lateral margin. The round-headed glands on the apex of the valves graduate into the long-headed glands. On each margin of orifice there are 4 long spines.

The glands on this spec. which had raw meat were moderately shrunk, with numerous particles, exactly like those in the quadrifid spines, & undergoing strong Brownian movements

[5]

(4

Utricularia

Aug 13

Examined youngish bladder with no prey - glands with particles & protoplasm very little shrunk yet not touching walls; the spherical glands however on valves with contents considerably shrunk - I think these are glands on margin along line of hinge.

no

Examined another very small bladder, & there certainly is a thick row of glands on margin along hinge between antennae (but are not these on the valve itself?) so that the depression in which valve lies is surrounded by glands.

no

(The glands in the small specimen were filled with N. B homogeneous very fine pulpy matter, almost touching the wall - no doubt a utricle of protoplasm)

We here see structure of diamond-shaped cells which support the quadrifid. Each 1/2 filled with circular delicate utricle or protoplasm & in middle of this small circle within which still smaller circle from each angle of diamond walls of larger cells proceed.

[sketch] (See [2 words illeg]

[5v]

10º 30' put into raw-meat

I believe quadrifids project right into bladder thus, with 2 shorter spines below upper [sketch]

(On margin into which valve rests - the 4 lateral spines are not all in same row but one rather below the other 3)

[6]

(5

Examined a bladder with some brown pulpy matter, & hints of algae & infusoria - I saw only the usual particles with Brownian movement, but no aggregated masses of protoplasm.

Aug 14th a small bladder after 23º 30' in water with a little bit of raw meat - glands on valve now more shrunk than yesterday - the spherical ones greatly shrunk - in most of glands a solid spherical or elongated particles; can this be modified nucleus?

Examined another very small bladders in the raw meat & only slight shrinking yet a few particles in glands.

Another small, yet larger & in all the glands immense contraction of protoplasm —(N. B. In these specimen antennae bent down over valves; this has nothing to do with meat, for it occurred in other specimen only of water; imperfect development)

[6v]

Aug 15 compared 2 small bladders, one in water for 24º & the other in weak infusion of raw meat for 24º very little difference, perhaps a little more contraction of protoplasm in latter. Examined a rather larger bladder, yet small, after meat the glands on margin & on valve; each with 3 of 4 elongated particles, like, but or elongated, the several sometimes seem in the quadrifid spines. Normally there seem only one particle or nucleus in the glands. No I have now examined a water spec of same size, & I see in glands besides supposed nucleus many particles in each, but these are much smaller & not so much elongated than in the meat spec.)

The bit of ribbon-like tissue with fine cells elongated in direction of ribbon, form the front of margin of valve, opposite hinge & on inside: outside covered with stomata I suspect the quadrifid spines an homologous to spiracles stomata on the leaf turned inside & edge confluent

[7]

(6

Aug 15 bladder in raw meat for 48º - glands on margin with contents somewhat shrunk & nucleus seem much larger - Most of the quadrifids contain 2 or 3 particles - N.B [illeg]

[sketch]

The quadrifids now seem to arise from a circular cell, & of these correspond with stomata Each half-guard-cell has been developed into a long & short spine.

[several lines illeg]

Aug 19th a projecting stomata.

The walls of 2 guard cells curl inwards & unite with tube which run down an angle between cells.

[sketch] Crown of spiral vessel.

[8]

(7

Aug 17 - The ribbon formed of curious transverse cells, in pairs extends in front from end to end of valve, on foot of bladder - By chance I have seen obliquely the bifid spines on inside near to orifice of bladder - Each rises on very short footstalk from a rounded protuberant cell See A

[sketch] A This close to ribbon

[sketch] (gland) valve - I believe no glands outside of valve.

I strongly suspect valve united at 2 ends to "ribbon" & entrance due only to flexibility of middle part.

see separate page for description

[sketch] (z)

A I now think different cell

[9]

(8

Aug 17 I believe the so-called spines on valve which appear like B, are like in profile.

[sketch] A [sketch] B

In large old bladder, which had caught no prey, all the glands were full of brown granules - pulpy matter, & so some so-called spine like A & hence I suspect same function - In this spec. the contents of the more spherical glands were shrunk into columns. The glands on valve are confined to margin & side & posterior part leaving middle transparent.

Description of (z) inside of old bladder - I saw no stomata within. The stomata outside do not correspond in position with quadrifids; but both occupy the angle of the union of wall of larger cells - the stomata prolonged by tube through thick outer layer of cells. Each quadrifid & bifid spine arises from a slightly convex protuberance.

[9v]

Aug 19th The rounded protuberance which bears the short cylindrical footstalk (which bears the 2 or 4 spines), has so defined an outline & differs in being plainly lined with protoplasm, must I think be a distinct cell & probably answer to pipe of stomata - which is narrow & then bifurcate or 4-furcates & form the spines & perhaps answer 2 guard cells, each of which has become divided.

The protoplasmic lining of the thin footstalk is evidently a prolongation of the protoplasmic layer lining the convex protuberance.

[10]

(9

which projects from an irregular, oblong square or sub-triangular, small cell. These smaller cells with the quadrifid do not occur at the junctions of all the larger cells. The protuberance is lined by a utricle. On the middle of the protube. there projects a short foot-stalk & this contains a utricular layer. (Apparently this foot-stalk penetrates the protube: no no no like the tube from the Stomata.) The summit of the short foot-stalk divides into 4 or 2 of the so-called spines, & owing to the crowding of their bases, the junctions are angular.

These spines may correspond with the guard-cells of the stomata, & the footstalk to the pipe, rendered prominent. [sketch]

[11]

Aug 19th Section, diagram, longitudinal through middle of valves

[sketch] spines valve

Ribbon & Valve keep orifice of same size whatever size of Bladder may have

X I see plainly that there is bundle of fibrovascular vessel rung along ventral surface & dividing some way before valve & I imagine many round margin of valve. This look as if stem hollowed out.

Glands thick on valve near hinge but not on hinge or back of it.

The "ribbon" is certainly continuous with lower lateral margin of valve. The ribbon consists of an inward freely depending curtain & needle can be pushed up between it at A & wall of bladder; it would probably yield to push - the ribbon is curved like saddle & like valve.

No

I have looked carefully over whole inside of bladder & no stomata within.

[12]

(11

Aug 22 In the bladder on dorsal surface over the valve, there are quadrifid spines. The thick row of bifid spines rises just where the ribbon is attached to bladder.

The vessels along the medial, dorsal surface extend to & die out near middle of hinge of valve.

The vessels on ventral surface divide a little posteriorly to the attachment of the ribbon, & send a thick branch on each side some way round orifice, but the 2 branches were not traced. All this opposed to my former notion on homology.

[13]

(12

(Southampton)

Aug 23d I found a moderately sized bladder with bifid & quadrifid spines; but none fully developed - Many were in state of A & some like B

[sketch] a a b b A apparently grow long

division corresponding to opening of stomata

The greater & less length of these seen in the better developed specimen

[sketch] B

The bifids apparently correspond to a a not divided & with b b not divided.

I ought to look to good quadrifids & see if main division is between the pair of long & pair of short spines. These imperfect spines resemble pretty closely stomata - There was not one perfect stoma in this bladder or in any other which I have examined closely.

Stomata on both sides of every Branch.

In very young utricle stomata on all sides - circular outline with antennae characteristic visible as small projection.

Theory of formation - depression in each summit, but I do not understand - I saw what I believe was trace of formation of new bladder in fork between 2 moderate branches - Can it be 2 branches flattened & united by edges & one growing more than other & curved over

[sketch] (no)

(over)

[13v]

[sketches] ordinary branch

2 Branches with edges soldered - the bifurcation of one forms the antennae. The bifurcation of other forms margin of orifice, with the exteriorly lateral spines - The "valve" & "curtain" are strictly homologous with corresponding glands: i.e. free projection of part between a bifurcation.

Orifice in bladder is not an opening but has never been closed.