[75r]

16

p. 125. (A) text

distance or separation, as a general rule, from the shores which are only fringed with reefs, and which have remained stationary or have been appraised,

[Coral reefs, p. 152]

p. 126. (A) text

There is also a close resemblance between atolls and ordinary islands in the manner in which they are grouped, as well as in their shapes;

[Coral reefs, p. 165]

p. 127. (A) text

washing away and desolating the islets to an extent which astonished the inhabitants:

[Coral reefs, p. 166]

p. 127. (C) text

All these appearances accord well with their belief that these islands have recently subsided; through not proving the fact.

[Coral reefs, p. 166]

[76r]

15

p. 124. (B) text

and which are believed to owe their origin either to widely different movements, or in the case of red to a stationary condition,

[Coral reefs, p. 163]

p. 124 (C) text

by the same movement of subsidence. Thus all the Society Islands are encircled by barrier-reefs, and to the N. W. and S. E. there are several scattered atolls. To the eastward lies the great Paumotu or Low Archipelago, consisting entirely of atolls; and still further to the N. E. we meet with the Mendana or Marquesas islands, which, (*Coral and Coral Islands. 1842. p. 325) from their abrupt and deeply indented shores Dana* believes have probably also subsided; though barely any coral-reefs exist there, which might have afforded additional evidence of subsidence.

[Coral reefs, p. 163]

[77r]

42

Chap. IV

this is the true explanation may be inferred from the close relation which exists between the manner of fighting & the relation of the ears by very many animals.)

All the Carnivora fight with their canine teeth, and all, as far as I have seen, draw back their ears when feeling savage. They draw up at the same time their lips, so that they may be out of the way of their teeth This may be daily seen with dogs when preparing to fight in earnest, & with puppies fighting in play.

The movement is different from the falling down and slight drawing back of the ears by a dog, when he feels pleased and is caressed by his master. The retraction of the ears may likewise be seen in kittens fighting either in their play; and in full-grown cats when savage (see the previous illustration fig. 7) though this cannot often be [illeg]. Notwithstanding that the ears of cats are thus to a large extent protected, yet they will often be found in old males to have been much torn during their mutual battles. The same movement of the ears is very striking with tigers, leopards &c, whist growling over their food in menageries. The lynx has remarkably

[Expression, pp. 111-112]

[78r]

(

Chap. IV

in larger numbers which were the best fitted for the dangerous work of killing and devouring venomous snakes; then in the one case as in the other, beneficial variations, supposing the characters in question vary, would commonly be preserved through survival of the fittest.

[illeg]

The Drawing back and Pressure of the Ears to the Head

The movements of the external ears are highly, expressive; but some animals, such as man, higher apes & many ruminants are deficient in this respect. A slight difference in the position of he ears expresses in the plainest manner a different state of mind, as we see in the dog; but we are here concerned only with their being drawn closely backwards and pressed to the head. A savage frame of mind is thus shown only by those animals which fight with their teeth. The case then takes by such animals to present their prominent ears being seized by their antagonists account for their position and when they feel even slightly savage, or pretend in their play to be savage, down go their ears through habit & association that

[Expression, pp. 111-112]