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Ann. d. Sc. Nat. (2d S. Z.) Tom 2. p. 147.

Rathké Recherches &c whatever doubts might be held about relation of legs & jaws in Crust articulated animal after Savigny researches — they will fall after examining the development of the Asellus vulgaris (an Isopod.— The embryo is motionless when excluded from egg & in extremely imperfect condition. —

Tom. 3. Flourens sur la symetrie des organes vitaux. p. 45.— shows that locomotive organs abort by pairs, not so vital as one generally does (seems to consider most of the single organs not as two confluent, but as one having aborted)— one can trace a second oviduct in young birds — a left lobe of liver or rather a veritable left liver in some young mammifers. —(If my theory be assumed to be true, in these facts we can see many laws.

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p. 145. M. Dugès sur le Couleuvre de Montpellier (Coluber monspessularis) the hind tooth is channelled & larger &c, but there is no trace of part of the salivary gland having poisonous structure — states that these fangs differ very little in essential structure from the other teeth.

In this vol. there are some capital papers by Ch. Morren, showing the great importance (by graduation) of light in the development of animal & vegetable infusoria. (quote to show importance of light in effecting conditions, though hard to believe)

Tom 3. p. 321. M. Edward obser. sur les changemens dans les Crustacés

p 322. there are some, which when first excluded except in bulk quite resemble parents— the kind of metamorphose vary not only from family to family, but even between close genera. (give cases)

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Zoolog Tom 3. p. 323 but all follow some general laws — principles which are also followed in the changes which the embryo undergoes in egg & which he think common to all. — One great principle that the period of development varies much. (this (a) is against my law that of corresponding times?) thus in Cymothees an extra pair of legs are developed late in life whilst in some other Isopods & Decapods they are developed at first, with proper number, — again in some they are never developed, as if this late development was stage in abortion.

p 327. considers a type as an idea form, which represents all the structure in the class & the medium degree of develop. —

The young of the great division resemble each other closely (what no case so striking as Cirripedes, Entomostraca, & Epizoæ)—

M. Edwards seems to overlook all cases, where larva has to seek its own food & so developed. Now his observations chiefly made on eggs hatched in pouches, where

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(a) My law will not apply so much to great organic changes, such as the production of extra legs &c

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the young wd not have at first much independent existence — A great distinction between larva of Mammifers, where life never independent & larvæ of insects. — the former must reveal resemblances more perfectly —

Tom 4. p. 266. Duvernoy Etudes sur le Foie, remarks that most organs may be considered as physical mechanical? or chemical in their nature — the form of former is all important as in movement as in eye — the intimate structure of latter & in which a variation in form cannot be important. — Good distinction.—

Tom. V. p. 70 Pictet says that though metamorphoses so different in the Neuroptera, yet if we divide it into truly nat. families, those of same families have similar metamorphoses.

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(Q) Tom. V. p 224. Lettre de M. Gay.

the same species of Saurian which lay eggs near Santiago are viviparous near Valdivia — an innocent snake is there viviparous — several Iguanians all are viviparous*— — most of the Batrachians are viviparous, but the Rhinella (see z. of B. voyage) is vivip. — thinks several species of latter.— (Bosborocates 2 spec. Pleurodema I dont know which)

(Q) p. 291. Buccinum undatum ranges from N. Cape to Senegal, becoming modified as it proceeds & it is easy to distinguish 3 or 4 variations belonging to 3 or 4 of the principal stages in the climate.

Tom VI. p. 182. Dugès— sur les Aranéides. Disputes importance given by Latreille to respiratory organs "Can one rationally separate separates Chelifers & Scorpions?... How keep a division based on the nature & number

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of the respiratory organs, in presence of the feet that les Ségestries & Dystères, (where come in Nat. System) in which (Q) M. Sundeval has found 4 stigmata, but only two lungs, the two posterior stigmata giving birth to tracheæ"— these tracheæ differ in not ramifying as the two tracheæ of insects & scorpions. —

Q idem. p. 196. a Lycosa will carry away a ball of cotton as eagerly as eggs, but if choice given knows its own & will not always take the bale of cotton a second time (reason with instinctive impulse) (Q) The Satticus Le "Sattique Frich" lodge in Helix-shell to lay eggs & to feed her young is obliged to renounce the ordinary manner of hunting in Satticus, "elle tend au dessus de la coquille une grande toile verticale soutenue sur les chaumes environnans — so does another wandering spider, the Philodrome. (⸮ like sparrows feeding with caterpillars.)

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Tom VII. p. 21. Vrolik considers Rhinoceros of Africa Asia Java & Sumatra as different — small incisors under gum in lower jaw

(Q) Tom VIII. p. 284 M. Brullé sur les tarses des insectes — in some of the closest allied Coprophagus insects, some species have tarsi & some not & in Phanæus, the males are deprived of them in their front legs, whilst the females almost always have them (I presume this applies to species not individuals) — so some the females of some species of Onitis have tarsi, whilst all other species, both male & female, are deprived of them.

Curious series. —

Tom 8. p. 61 — The Antilles have 13 13 carnivora 12 bats, & see Sorex Insectivores from North? paradoxus of Haiti, & & 7 Rodents — perhaps Didelphis craneivora & How are Soundings?? Armadillo of Tobago—

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Tom X. p. 99. G. Breschet— Squalette des Vertébrés — gives cases of several bones in sternum of man, apparently variable number & of two little knobs at upper end, which are sometimes present, & which are rudiments of one end of ribs, probably belonging to the 7th cervical vertebrae. — It seems two ends of bones are apt to be more consistent in rudimentary bones, than other parts. (N.B. I see Owen explains every p thing, like Cuvier, by adaptation in his First volumes, explains that every part on may occur in its first origin (except ornamental tufts of feathers) except man rudimentary must be preserved or formed by adaptation; it unites these two grand classed of views) ("Cuvier & his illustration [illeg] shows how every part, most probably is explicable by adaptation" & so my view explains this.)

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(Q) Tom XI. p 125. Owen sur les Orangs considers Borneo & Sumatra orangs as different species — absence of nail on great toe not effect of age, reported by many cases, where in very young specimens "Moreover where this nail exists, the second phalangeal ungueal also exists, where the nail is absent, this phalange is absent."— important.

― p. 145. Helfer sur les vers a soie translated by Journal of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal there are many species, he describes seven new ones.— choose for breeding some of those coccoons, which happen to be most numerously produced on same day.—

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Tom XII p. 165

M. Bellingeri travaux relatifs à la fecondite des animaux vertebre Rapport par Flourens. (Lu a Acad. des Scien, Sept 9. 1839.)— Rapport here given — Tables in original, approved of, I suppose published consult. — None of the larger quadrupeds breed rapidly ⸮ because safer? pigs chief exception, & they are small pachyderms.—

p. 174 [table]

p. 265. Flourens sur l' instinct, quotes F. Cuvier. "tout dans l' instinct es aveugle, necessaire et invariable" tout dans l' intelligence est electif, contingent, et modifiable

p 266. F. Cuvier & Condillac have accurately compared instinct & habit (c)

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Can fossil Anchenia in cases of Brazil be used as argument for former colder climate?

Case of fowls & ducks very good to prove the Domesticity improves fertility.

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Tom XII. Flourens sur l' instinct.

p. 273.— The only monkeys of old world, which have bred in the Menageries are the macaques — viz un maimon, un macaque proprement dit, un rhesus, & a hybrid, from "le bonnet chinois et le macaque prop. dit".—

p 278. The Chacal of India & Senegal have bred the renard rouge de N. America had bred also.

Tom XIII. p. 164 Marcel de Serres Ponte des Oiseaux — vultures & other birds of prey few eggs because cannot find food for young — Table given, but hopeless to calculate from number of laying not given.—

p. 174. number of eggs not same in same fam order, thus amongst Palmipedes, the stormy Petrel only lays one, yet many of these the most fertile birds.

(Q) p. 175. The ostriches reared in S. of France, who live many years most healthily — have never given annually more than 12 to 15 eggs — We have never succeeded in hatching their eggs by artificial incubation the most careful — is supposed in his own country to lay from 25 to 30 eggs. N.B.

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F. Cuvier's theory about domesticity being sociability is a humbug. — it is mere nonsense to say a cat is not as domestic as a pig, cows, sheep. — Does peacock, & common fowl live in troops, I doubt?

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Mem: the Rhea— this is good argument that fecundity is not proportioned to size — Crocodile? as in mammalia.—

p 177. The vultures &c do not begin to lay till 3 or 4 years old & lay only 2 to 3 eggs & only once a year "aussi est on frappe du petit nombre d' individus de ces oiseaux chez lesquels l' age adulte arrive si tard"— This shown to be false, by case of vultures & might be good example to quote.

p. 178 reason to suspect that those birds which lay most eggs, lay oftenest in year.—

Tom XIII. p. 373 L. Lalanne — Architecture des Abeilles — argues with some show of truth that "On voit donc que les abeilles ont en elles les instrumens et le sens rigoreusement necessaires aux constructions geogratiques, (a figure given to show how angles result from certain position qui viennent d'etre indiquées" & it is useless to search either in their organs or in the bits of wax the angles of 109° &c & which characterise the losanges at bottom of their cells. —

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XVII: p. 230 A. d' Orbigny sur les Cephalopodes. — not only, p. 239, do the species almost all change in the those 5 principal stages of the Chalk, but the genera also change, some appearing & some disappearing, & this makse me believe in his views — considering that so many genera finally disappear in Tertiary stage, it is wonderful how rapid these changes in genera have been; there must be more rapid creation than I have thought.—

He overlooks all geographical-consideration, believes Baculites disappears from the world in one middle or Gault stage.

p. 246 more difference between Cretaceous & Jurassic cephalopods, than between the several stages of the Cretaceous system

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"Compensation" good word for Balancement of organs.

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p. 253. From distribution of species, concludes that thrice the circumscription of seas have notably changed — always seems to think these changes sudden if slow, wd harmonize with my views of subsidence & with mineralogical changes.— The little changes in Gasteropods from earliest times blinds us to length of intervals between stages & successive formations.

p. 362. Al. d' Orbigny Mem. sur deux genres nouveaux de cephalopodes.—

p 364. the shells of Spirula & Sepia Seiche offer the most distinct forms, & yet he ⸮ believes enquire the animal's structure show that they are closely allied, & he here describes the Spirulirostra, which form a beautiful passage, for a shell like a Spirula terminates in a calcareous laminated mass, like

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is lodged in a rostrum like that of many Sepias. composed of successive cones & radiating fibres. (an interesting woodcut might be given of all three.)

(Here we have possibly another kind of passage, namely an organ composed of two parts, one of which aborts in one set of descendants & the other in another set.—)

Tom XVIII. p. 266. A. d' Orbigny sur les Belemnites — The Belemnites have condensed first appeared on earth with the Lias & are at the maximum of numerical development of species!!

p 268 These results though on small scale show that the species of the six stages in the Jurassic system are all distinct, & that (p 269) the groups ie species of some of this one genus can be grouped into five divisions generally are confined to the different stages.

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Tom XX d' Orbigny —Gasteropodes de la craie p 30 to p. 38 p 39 Cretaceous Gasteropods all distinct from Jurassic & consist of 5 distinct series. The genera of the stages not nearly so distinct as with cephalopods.

p 45 Gasteropods increase in going up in number & variety, whilst Cephalopods have decreased in number. — Evidence of Geographical changes in surrounding area between the stages.

p 362 Van Beneden sur la Generation des Campanulaires — in larva state like Medusas, with distinct muscles ganglionic nerves, senses, which all afterwards disappear, because animal become (like cirripede) fixed.—

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p. 2 Pangenesis

p 8 Rudiment Man — ask Huxley — Arteries runs in layers