[74]

1 X As much difference in breeds in India as in England

X 1 (Q) Duns, with zebra make common in a cross from Arab & Kutch p 243 mare (& spotted Horse

71 Ld. Moretons case — Mare sold to Sir G. Oswestry (Q) p 347 Reference Part I

76 Feral Asses

101 Great variety of colour in Arab-Breeds (211. do, not Duns. Q)

106 on spotted Horses — 112-199 (Q)

109 Median Horses all Dun (Q)

116 Ponys of Corsica & Sardinia

120 Indigenous Ponys in Cæsars' time: Britain

135 In 930 Athelstan imported Horses & ordered Horse not to be exported.

140 Kings John imported 100 Stallions

148 Forster & Pallas thought Horses of Ukraine feral; of different colours. 160, 163

156 (Q) Duns with Zebra marks: wonderful stripes 158— 163—184 — 275 X —Chief — 280 (Q)

168 on great antiquity of piebald Horse, near Rome

175 on origin from crosses of Pampas Horses, variously coloured. 179

208 The 5 Stocks (Q)

274 Chesnut very hereditary colour

288 on different colours Java Ponies. Dun

304. A species barred on legs (Q)

318 Cross on [Heniona] sometimes (Q)

339 Wild laws of inheritance in crossing species

345 Colours of common mules — more males than females

[76]

Part II Distrib of naked Slugs p 167, 168, 170: Part 3 p 389. p. 396

351. Typical wide ranges aberrant small chiefly from extinction

351 Unity of generic centres (but I remember Forbes talks of double centres) New Zealand.

352 says Kirby one of the first who protested that distribution cd be explained by climate.

353 Warmer seas divided into 3 great divisions

355 Arctic shells very variable

[Variation 2: 256: "A more genial climate, however, is far from necessary; the kidney-bean, which is often injured by our spring frosts, and peaches, which require the protection of a wall, have varied much in England, as has the orange-tree in northern Italy, where it is barely able to exist.7 Nor can we overlook the fact, though not immediately connected with our present subject, that the plants and shells of the arctic regions are eminently variable.8
8 […] Mr. Woodward, and a higher authority cannot be quoted, speaks of the Arctic mollusca (in his 'Rudimentary Treatise,' 1856, p. 355) as remarkably subject to variation."]

362 Canary Isld & Madeira Azores

363 In Mediterranean about 30 from Red Sea

364 Aralo-Caspian

367 C. of Good Hope shells peculiar 1/2 per cent; if not identical several close species with Europe

369 In Indo-Pacific great Province, littoral shells peculiar on each coast. (Good in same class)

370. Australo-Zelandic Province very peculiar. odd considering Crust. & Fish; is it that they travel slower?

373 Relation of E. & W. Coasts of S. America

375 Littoral shells common to Panama & Galapagos

Land & F. W. Shells.—

381. Barriers not always separating Land Faunas

382 Naturalised Mollusca.

382 F. W. wide rangers in generic forms (& old in time)

382 Old & New worlds Provinces of paramount importance.

383 Land shells rare in Arctic regions; (hence none on Alpine heights of Britain

― Deshayes has published Brit. Mus. Cat. of Cyclas.

― British Land shells 74

385 Mountains of Europe have each several peculiar species of Land shells

386 All isld of Mediterranean some peculiar even Sicily 40 & Limasol: (contrast with Plants:)

386 Madeira, 132 Land molluscs (from Wollaston) Proportions of living & Extinct very good

388 Azores — shells in common to Madeira & Canaries & C. de Verdes

388 Canary Islds, 4 common to W. Indies — Naked Mollusca. Currants & Trees on Canaries from W. Indies

389 Relation of St. Helena — shells related to America

390 C. of Good Hope, Land-shells 41 all peculiar

391 Mauritius & Bourbon, land-shells all peculiar

393 Ceylon, Land shells all peculiar, related to Neilgherry (Glacial)

394 Philippines each isld has peculiar species, but many are perhaps vars.

396 New Zealand, all peculiar Slugs & F. W. Shells

397 Distribution in Pacific islds

398 Fluviatile 398 Sandwich isld. Each isld has land-shells of special sub-character.

399 Division of F. W. Mollusca or 2 sides of Alleghany

403 Galapagos

405 Juan Fernandez related to mainland in certain genera of Land Shells

(2

407 Supposes 4,600 land shells

408-30 changes of Life in world

410 Each Geolog formation = 3 times of average life of Species

411 Each species in time is [sketch] thus

― Deep-sea shells ranges further in time & space than littoral

411 Genera distributed like species in time — it is important & true as general law (when means of distribution is mundane) p. 412

415 Table, whence mine constructed to show coming in of Families.

416 Families attain their maxima more rapidly than they become extinct & new more new Families appear than become extinct.

[in right margin:] How is this in Agassiz

417 Highest & lowest formerly flourished most

― The Families in each main division which are most like, flourished first.

418 Fossils of successive strata mostly representatives, like geographical representatives

419 Good remarks on Embryology

421 Glacial Sea did not invade (from North?) Aralo-Caspian

― Generalises relation of shells recent to extinct in same country

439 Some littoral shells have no free-swimming larval state.

454. Var. in species, analogous to difference in sex of another species

465 Testacella makes a cocoon. cd it float?

My Queries to Woodward — (Wide Range of some F. W. shells p. 3)

p 4. Antiquity of Land & F. W. some recent in Eocene; this is contradiction to varying so in different localities

p 4. On range of shells peculiar to Tertiary deposits & recent in America

[2v]

[Not in Darwin's handwriting:] Unknown Alo 43