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Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3d. Serie Botany. (Q)

Tom I. p. 259 De Candolle sur la Famille des Apocynacees— M. Griesbach has shown that the how difficult it is to separate Gentianacees from Apocynacees — The æstivation of corolla has been thought by him to have uniform torsion in latter, but Decandolle shows that it is of two kinds in both. — Gentiana moorcroftiana & G. Caucasica has a torsion different from that which Griesbach attributes to all Gentianacees, — but Griesbach answered by sending flowers of G. Caucasica in which the torsion varies. It appears that this character is less constant in Gentianacees than in the Apocynacees (case of specific character varying & individually varying) This is reversion & in fact variation of Beak of Tumbler is reversion—

torsion means (I presume) the direction in which the corolla is folded in the bud.—

or change not completed

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Tom. 2. p. 163 Dutrochet "sur la Volubilité des tiges" In the Solanum Dulcamara, feebly voluble or spiral & remarkable that about half are spiral in one direction & half in another — The spire of leaves, also, varies in this plant & the direction in which the young stem twists on itself (These 3 facts always go together)

Says souvent on same individual, spires of leaves varies in its course— Now is the spirally climbing tendency in certain direction generally generic but if especially in Solanum in differs in diff. species, then in S. dulcamara, we have individual variability. (I see in Persoon out of 138 species, only Solanum lacinatum, stellatum, scandens, glandulosum lentum, have caula scandente, besides dulcamara — ie only 6 altogether. Duval on Solanum ask Bentham & likewise whether he turned 50 species into S. nigrum.

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Bot. Tom 3. p. 166. M. M. Barnéoud remarks that in the Cruciferæ, the embryonic classification of Decandolle is artificial — for p. 167 Schizopetalon & Perreymondia are two genera that they differs solely, & have been instituted solely by the difference in the embryo: in these genera, all have the former belong to the Spirolobées & the latter to Notorhizées

p 248. Schow, Conifères d' Italie — the Alps was contain all the conifers of N. & central Europe, but in N. Europe, the forests of conifers cover a much larger space or are more numerous in individuals. (like Hookers case in N. Zealand.) We may infer perhaps that species are not created, where circumstances most favourable for any kind, but where struggle for existence is severest & conditions of life most various— & where the form is dying out??

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Tom 4. p. 136. Duchartre sur l' organogenie de la fleur des Malvacées — in some the andorcée (ie support of stamens) form a largish globule, whilst petals are mere scale; whereas, more commonly, in others the petals are developed, so as to form envelope & passing the androcée — (with respect to balancement— no it does not apply so well as changes in an egg or seed.).

Tom IV. p. 19. Gærtner sur la Fécondation

Kölreuter says requires 50 to 60 pollen grains completely to fecundate Hibiscus Trionuus — in Mirabilis 1 grain is sufficient (??) in another place says 2 or 3 grains. — Gærtner finds pollen of one whole anther enough in 4 Genera. In Malva mauritania 40 grains was proved not nearly sufficient quite completely to impregnate usual number of seeds — This, perhaps, explains non-crossing of Hollyocks? Is against intercrossing & strikingly against hybridising — Nearly same result in Tropæolus by Gærtner, as in Malva

Perhaps few grains of pollen of another variety may act

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Bot. 3d series. Tom V. p. 63

p 63. De Mélicocq Monstruositiés Vegetales on vigorous branch of Antirrhinum majus, observed flowers like the variety with white throat whilst others were completely red. — A Sport.— Are the vars of Antirrhinum hereditary? Barely

p 306 Gasparini "Origine de l' Embryon"

The wild fig or caprifiguier does really contain male & female flowers, & he speaks of insect coming from it — but in domestic fig the seeds are fecund without fecundation.

Tom VI. p. 194. Chevreul sur l' espèce (first part of Paper, copied elsewhere) M. Sageret & Van Mons accords in thinking that the disposition of plants to vary is so much the more, as they have already departed from their type

p. 198 205. M. Michaux thinks our vines come from 10 or 12 wild species, while M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamp thinks from common Vitis vitifera.—

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p 270 Tom 6. Barneoud sur les Ranonculacées &c M. Schleiden & Vogel (in Act. Nov. Cur. Nat. Bonn Vol XIX p. 61-84) (Q) have shown that in Pap. flowers at first, parts all equal, & regular

p 271. In Aconitum napellus, at first sepals equal & regular, then 2 sepals grow larger & one of these grows quicker than the other, & covers all the others, this will be the casque.—

p. 285. sepals & petals confound are equal & regular at first even in Orchideæ; of the petals. the cupula "a peine ebauchee se confound completement avec la verticelle exterieure! (Hence the soldering a true fact; in true monopetalitious flowers, it now seems that petals always united) The three segments in Orchis at first are equal, but one soon grows larger than the others, which is to be the labellum, its development is much more rapid than the others

p 286 In the labiata, segments of calyx & coroll also equal; in Lanium two sepals soon unite & confound together

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to form the casque: this complex segment grows much more quick than the others; the two other side teeth of labellum, so apparent in their origin, remain always small & are as it were mashed in the adult flower.

(Q) p. 287. The Corolla of Antirrhinum, Linaria & Scrophularia, in youngest state have equal dimensions "mais bientôt on remarque entre elles, une difference de grandeur d' autant plus forte et plus précoce (a) que la fleur est plus irreguliere a l' etat adulte

p 289 In Fumaria outer envelope at first largest, but soon the calyx is arrested in development

p. 300 Ad. Brongniart Rapport sur le mem. precedent — in the Delphinium, a venticel, which is incomplete in mature flower, but is complete in young state by the existence of rudimentary organs, which

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p 290 term repeated: must mean development greater than other divisions.

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disappear afterwards by atrophy "il y a donc là un avertement positif et visible." (a) (a)

p 301. In the Violet, even in youngest state, a there is inequality in segments of perianth which "quoque extrement faible est sensible.".

[in margin:] Any case of a rudiment appearing in these orders of Scropholariæ — Barneoud has shown p. 286 in Didynamous plants, that the 2 tall stamens appear before the shorter one, & except in Scrophularia; & Penstemon, no trace of the 5th stamen: so even here a probable rudimentary organ has disappeared.

(It appears from all this, that a much altered element does not appear before others, but at the same time, & then grows more quickly & the more quickly, as it will become more irregular: here hence of food safe nutritive element is a given quantity to a bud, the more quickly developed part must draw nutriment from whole flower or from certain related parts. The increase in size not being primordial, but effected by growth in young state, is the point which concerns me respecting balancement compensation. In Violaceæ?? the inequality can advance in age youth so as when first visible, the parts to be unequal.

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(a) Barneoud (p 282) says distinctly the dimension are all equal at earliest period in the Violaceæ — What does Brongiart mean? his own observation?

(a) (a) "comme on en voit si souvent dans l' ovaire, pendant le development du fruit."—

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p. 379 A. de Candolle Germination des Graines de Diverses familles Malvacea, (after 15 years) & Leguminosæ evident advantage over other families

p 381 These 2 fams: have grains more or less deprived of albumen, but the Cruciferæ & Compositæ, which are the worst for keeping, have even less albumen. Gramineæ & Umbelliferæ which have much albumen, are bad keepers.— Therefore preservation no direct connection with albumen, though in Cafeiers & some Umbelliferæ, certain kinds of albumen certainty prevent preservation.

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Botany

Annales des Sc. Nat. 3d. series. Tom. 8. 1847.

p. 348. Barneoud says indusium of Goodenia is formed by 2 divisions enlarged of style of young flower.

p. 352. shows that irregular flowers often have absent part present in very young but, but is often quite absent & the place which it ought to occupy marked by open space.

Tom. 9. (1848) Planchon sue les Droseraceæ — The variation of the leaves & gland-bearing hairs, better define the order than other point of structure, which in the placentation, embryo &c present remarkable differences in different genera.

p 82. several of the Droseras catch flies, but not all

p 83 There are several remarkable analogies in structure, form & chemical composition betwen Drosera & Pinguicula, not due, accordng to Planchon, to direct affinity.—

p. 90 The genera most normally distinct in Droseraceæ & in Drosera itself includes types of organisation extremely varied, & which would suffice in a thousand other cases to define distinct genera.—

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Tom. 9. p. 231. Barneoud on Trapa natans — speaking of alternate different rates of growth of the petals & stamens says "Le jeu du balancement des forces se remarque dans l' evolution des fleurs d' un grand nombre de plantes phanerogames."

p. 271. Duchartre says describes certain additional stamens which are added in certain genera of Nyctaginées to the same whorl of stamen beyond the usual & norm number of the groups are added later & are smaller at first than the normal stamens; & he has observed same fact in a monstrous bud of Mirabilis jalapa, in which one additional stamen was added. —

Tom X. 1848 p 210 Duchartre shows that the several cotyledons of sycamores in is due to only to their profound lobation The lobation is cotyledons following different law to that of leaves, being often down the middle & midrib.—

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Annales des. Sciences 3d series. Bot. Tom. VI (I believe 1843)

p. 142. Consid. Generales sur les Variations &c par M. Chevreul.—

p. 147. remarks resemblance of two species being less than two varieties of same species, may be only external

p. 151. definition of species ought to be added to, as long as kept under same circumstances (I shd rather remark without undergoing selection & effects of external conditions)

p. 160. M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps à excellent work on the Cerealia, remarks that the Secale cereale, varies uncommonly little & makes no race & is good contrast to Wheat. — 4 sub-vars of this, rye have been returned & M. Tessier by one autumnal sowing into the common var.

à Vilmorins Paper on carrot, change effected in 3d generations & chiefly by first sowing in midsummer instead of Spring

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p. 165. Hortcult. are unanimous that the three races of cherry, the Guignier, Bigarreautier, the Heaume, have been produced by culture; that th two first reproduce themselves by seed, — all three have black, red & white fruit

— Chevreul points out markedly variation in seeds, ie, from same capsule when external conditions cannot be cause

p 171 M. d' Albret has cultivated for 30 years consecutively in Jardin du Roi, at least 150 species of grass, & all come true — so also M. Pepin has done (no selection)

p 172. Alchimilla vulgaris & alpina, one alpine & one lowland have often thought to be only vars, but M. Bravais found them mingled in in Lapland

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p 177. quotes from Sagaret, many varieties of diff. fruits (thus especially Peach called télon de Vénus) many most cherries &c many plums which come true from seed.

p 180 Vilmorin insists on necessity of "épurations les plus rigoreuses" to keep frizzled & many other vegetables true —

p 181. as in Vilmorins carrot, M Pepin sowed the chou pê-tsaie in August produced very different plant, which produced flowers next spring, whereas seeds sown in spring flowered that summer on much shorter & different stems

p 183 at St. Domingo cabbages will not head, nor roots of turnips & carrots swell (so vars adapted to our climate)

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p 183. M. Poiteau states that in Virginia (45 years ago) seedling fruits were all very acid, which became less in successive generations & now yeald good fruits different from those of Europe — Chevreul suggest that good of now rebringing back seeds from America.

p 187. M. Sageret had hybrid (or mongrel?) from mother-melon of China & father "melon maraîcher" of which one branch bore true maraiche melon & the other opposite branch fruit participating in character of melon of China.—

p. 188 M. Gay says in Chile they get male hybrid from He-goat & sheep & cross it with sheep in order to get peculiar fleece, — sometimes after interval are obliged to go hybrid again.—

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p 188. M. Lafresnais gave hybrid to Mureau from male "Oie de Guinée" & a female "Oie a cravate" & these have reproduced themselves already seven times.

p 189 alludes to extreme vigour of some of Sagerets hybrids in genus Pommier & from mongrels remarkable abundance of fruit

p. 190. The most experienced horticulturists have all been struck with reality of great stability of specific forms viz M. Vilmorin, Poiteau & Van Mons believe it so firmly that he believes in the Ardennes he has found wild types of th all the different chief vars. of apples & pears.!

(read to end of p. 192)

p 17

Vol XI 1849 Bot. p. 12.

Ch. Martins sur la vegetation de Feroe very good paper. The European vegetation has travelled to Iceland Slowly p 18. but clearly some plants have come from Scandinavia. None are exclusively American

p. 365. Gasparrini on the Fig. embryonated seeds are produced without ordinary pollen but the ovules present some curious anomalies, as if they contained pollen.

Vol 14. 1850 p. 244. Thuret in describing the zoospores of Vaucheria saw one which got fixed in the orifice from the cell & became separated into two, both of which germinated. The zoospores are the same as the sphorozoids of Derbéz & Solier (p. 262) & are different from their anthrozoids. The latter are the male

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Vol. 14. 3rd series Botanique

element & I suppose that the Zooshpores are of the nature of buds & not fertilized, if so — important, as shewing superfluous protoplasm.

p. 324 H. Hoffmann sur le sommeil des plantes. Shews that heat & cold are chief exciting agents. capital Paper.

p 332. thinks that choroform & æther act only by cold.

Vol. 15 nothing Vol 16 17 nothing

Vol 19 1853 p. 141 M. Grenier describes many supposed wild hybrids but not proved to be so which vary greatly in character like my case of verbascum