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Mem. présentés par divers savans, a l'Acad. Royale des Sciences

all References wrong. (1835)

Tom. VI. Recherches sur les Animaux Domestiques dans le Nouveau Continent, par M. Roulin.p. 324. wild pigs in hot valleys, constantly black — each upright — young individuals less dark "portant en lignes fauves la livrée comme les marcassins" (see in Bentham)

hair thin — p. 327 but the wild pigs on the Paramos (25,00 [multiplied by] 3 [=] 7500 metres) like French wild pigs — hair very thick & crespu — (good case of climate & hair) — in some hot places the wild pigs are not black, but red like the young pecari. — In the above hot valleys, some of the black pigs have white band on stomach, which commonly meets on back. — in this variety the young are like those of pure black (good facts on variation & on hereditary characters in young).

V. Azara for wild pigs, tame ones in Paraguay.

p. 329. Pigs are all white, as in parts of Spain.

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p. 223 clearly selection

[part text vague in image]

Carpenter says cannot live in Paramos or cold region.

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p. 329. Cattle introduced in S. America in 1493. in 65 years after introduction of cattle into New Spain. 64,350 hides in one year

p. 330. a certain quantity of salt necessary for cattle & hence in some districts will not continue to live (yet no doubt wild animals)

p. 332. skin of beast on the Llanos less heavy than those from plateau of Bogota, & & these yield, as well in thickness, of hair to those of the Paramos (good) Falklands —

p. 333. in some hot countries beasts are born with very thin hair but are not valued, as do not seem to be exported to towns in the Cordillera — hereditary, very sensible to cold, also some entirely naked — such are never born in the cold countries (naked mice).

p. 334. mammae of one domestic cattle much larger than in these wild (effect of use) & the calves here must be kept for the milk to continue to flow (instinctive connection also altered).

Donkeys not altered (N.B. difference in mules very great, though so little in donkeys)

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p. 336. Horse — half-wild — colour almost uniformly "bai-chetain" — in Hatos of the Cordillera, where more domesticated colours vary more & more difference in size. —

p. 337. from the Horse in New Granada being accustomed to amble, & then used as stallions, "il resulte de la une race chez laquelle l'amble est pour les adultes (CD) l'allure naturelle." called l'aguillallas."

p. 338. has remarked that mules that the bars are more numerous & apparent than with with ass, "surtout aux jarrets de derrière." thinks asks whether this does not show that originally either parent was more rayed

p. 339. Dogs at S.Fe without education learn to nest at belly of stag & so turn him over & not a head — near the Magdalena a bastard & degenerated race, has learned when first taken out to run round like shepherd dogs, the great herds of peccari another dog rushes into flock & is killed.

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Now in the above cases it has not been by the selection of chance of animals with this propensity — not care enough taken in breeding them & not enough killed — no doubt they would be "rogued". —

p. 341. In Antilles & Juan Fernandez dogs have become dumb — at latter place from pretty good evidence in 33 years — Ulloa states that they acquired the power slowly & badly when they were mingled with other dogs.

p. 346.

Cat no change, except no times for breeding & that it has lost habit of cat-a-whaling, as indicated by Gomara in 1554. —

p. 347. Sheep in the hot countries, though valuable, will not propagate & even in first valleys which separate Eastern from Middle Cordillera, they are rare & females not fecund, but 1000 to 2500 metres very numerous; in the above valley, if lambs are sheared as soon as wool grows to certain thickness, all goes on as usual, but if

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They are not, the wool "s'epaisit et se feutre" & detaches in flakes & leaves under it not young growing wool, but a short hair "brilliant et bien couché, very like that of the goats under same climate.

"Dans les places of body, pu ce poil a paru il ne renait jamais de laine."

p. 348. The most evident sign of domestication in our (European) goats l'ampleur des mamelles has almost entirely disappeared in this continent.

p. 349. Pintado appears more subject to variations in tint than in France (2)

p. do. Peacock, lays nearly same number of eggs as in France, & is absolutely similar in every respect — at first it was difficult to breed them according to Gomara.

p. do. The goose introduced sine last 20 years on plateau of Bogota has presented same difficulties.

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The pontes at first were few & composed of few eggs of which scarcely 1/4 were hatched & more than half of the young died. — second generation more fertile & now though not so fertile as in Europe tends to become so.

p. 350. According to Garcilasso, for first 30 years could not get chicken at Cusco & whole of that valley — though at two places 4 leagues off these bred abundantly; now the race is everywhere fertile; but English game-fowl lately introduced has not arrived at same fertility & in the first years thought fortunate to have 2 or 3 chickens in a hatch. — In the hot countries where Therm. does not fall under 20°. centgr. curious difference in chickens of this English & the country race, latter are born with little down & this they loose & become (hereditary in growth) quite naked, except feathers of wing; whereas English chicken are thickly covered as usual. — This nudity only happens with the poultry of the hot countries.

Blyth has some remarks on the naked fowls of Panama; being a further case

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