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(1) Boston Journ. of Nat. Hist. vol 4.

p. 468 "Mr S. Haldeman Enumeration of the recent fresh-water mollusca common to N. America & Europe" about 5 per cent excluding some families unequally developed. - gives list of 8 species common to Europe & U. States.

p. 472 alludes to Rüppell having discovered that mummy cat is Felis maniculata of Noubia. - & Bell says our domestic cats neither this nor the wild cat of Europe.

p.473 now ascertained that some of the species of Unionidæ differ less from each other, than the varieties of some of the same species

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(2)

p. 475 accounts may be accounted for hiatus in geological sequence of varieties by some becoming extinct; & apparently assume that the varieties first arise well-marked.

p. 476 In the young of Paludina subcarinata assuming the form of a Cyclostoma elegans, & actually departing from its normal character of its genus, as to construct a cyclostomoidal opercle

p 475 Many salt-water gasteropods have a siphon, now one single shells in one river in U. States has one & was called by Say Fusus fluvialis (it is allied really to fresh-water Melania armigera) now this river the Holston, rises in a salt-region. he instances this as possible transmutation, of a Melania by salt-water & the Paludina as descended from terrestrial Cyclostoma.

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(3) Boston Journ of. N. H. Vol 4.

p 477 S. Morton contends 5 races of man endowed with distinctive character also invite. absurd to call them races - call them fertile species.

p 479 says Erichson (what has he written?) of Brachelytra of 220 American species (excluding Mexican) 5 1/2 per cent inhabit Europe. More truly from recent discoveries may be taken a 5. per cent = of genus Philonthus 22. Amer. species & with Mexico 33 of which 8 occur in Europe!

3 Brachelytra common to Europe Asia & America

3 to & S. do

1 to N. & S. America

p 480 Erichson cite as example of northern X insect being found on mountains of temperate region. Tachinus elongatus (is it winged?) in Sweden. Unalashka & Swiss mountains here refers to Pickering's Bot: Map. in Amer. Phil. Trans: Vol 4.

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(4)

p 480 Westwood says a Cybister (aquatic) Senegal C. of Good Hope Madagascar Mauritius Indian Arch - an Isopleurus India Rocky Mountains (Kirby) a parasitic crust or bivalves common to Rio & the Morea Certainly Cancer irroratus inhabits Atlantic & Pacific coasts of N. America - (Ehrenberg) 2/3 of protozoa of N. America inhabit Europe.

p 481 Mr Lea has Alasmodon Megaritiferus from various parts of Europe & America including Columbia river.

p 481 argues against those who think an identical form coming from distinct quarters must be a distinct species (wd apply well against double or treble creations) for he says Cynthia cardui wd be from 3 to 7 species according to the extent of country required to constitute a zoological province, as it is found in N. & S. America Europe. N.W. & S Africa Madagascar Bourbon Bengal China Java & Australia. Colias edusa is found in N. America Europe Caffraria & Nepaul.

p 484 Paludina vivipara found in N. America, Britain to Sicily. Now on above view he asks, if Ireland was in middle of Atlantic wd its Paludina vivipara, be a

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new & third species or wd it rank with the American or European imaginary species

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(5) Boston Journ. Nat. Hist Vol 4.

p 482 remarks that an insect having more parts than a worm gives more room for more species in a genus, than with worms. "Moreover whilst we admit there may be 500 species of Helix, we cannot allow the possibility of 200 Ancylus, allowing the usual amount of character, because the shell is of the most simple form"

p 484 remarks that there can be no intermediate forms in the local insular varieties - says two shells have been described as distinct, one having strong shell living in rough water & the other thin, from living in smooth. - says Jenyns doubts the reality of the close species from distant localities Mag. Zool & Bot I. p. 25.

Engelman (in Am. Journ. Sciences Vol XLVI p 94) says there are geographical varieties, where no specific distinction can be shown, but where the American & European variety can always

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(6) be distinguished by some points of minor importance." According to this Botanist 10 out of 12 American Equisetums are found in Europe

p 484 Schlegel famous herpetologist believes that the American Rana halecina & sylvatica are identical with European species - it seems these frogs are also found in N. Africa, Asia & Japan.

N B. the case in Zoolog of Beagles voyage of toad identical on two sides of Cordillera & a very close species in America & India?

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