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June 5 /73/ Saaft-maal (what is maal?) Nectar-guide or nectar spots Nectar-marks or lines or nectar-guiding lines marks

After biting shows sense. — jaws of Bombus much stronger, (Lubbock) than of Apis — then case of K. Bean. These facts for long time led me to doubt about nectar-marks of C. K. Sp. — certainly not required by H. Bees Is Vicia sativa endemic? ─

In bracts of Vetch & glands on base of leaves of for by leaves of Laurel not endemic, no analogous case, glands very minute on near side of laminæ of leaves near base.— Sagacity of Bees. — But H. Müller believes, & this has led me lately to observe as far as I could & facts seem hardly explicable on any view except the [3 words illeg] The nectar guides may be consists of a plainly different tint, either following line of veins or vessel, or between them, & spaces between these may be rendered white & veins alone remain coloured. They may lie on one petal alone or on 2 or 3 of upper ones, or on 2 or 3 of lower ones; but in as Glacoma as in Ajuga & Rosemary. They are far commoner on asymmetrical flower in which the nectar is secreted or stored on one side alone, or the passage is on one side alone thus on open symmetrical one, & as far as I have seen no they are incomparably commoner so placed, that

[107v]

Many symmetrical flowers have central tube marked by ring of colour, as [illeg] vinca— Viscaria oculata — & Myosotis

The diversity of position & of number of petals so marked, either on upper or lower side of corolla seem strong arguments in favour of view that they are developed for special purpose

In the climbing act Linaria Cymbelaria— at mouth of entrance yellow marks on lower petal & blue streak on upper petal — so both above & below, but different

On Geranium, though symmetrical & on Cranberry — guiding marks; so I must say of all the flowers that have such a very large proportion are asymmetrical & seem most to require such marks

[108]

they do serve as a guide— Some insects may not be so sagacious as Hive Bees.—

Objection present in one case (Muller?) where no nectar, but latter may have been lost; we have every reason to believe some nectariferous flowers have been made anemophilous.— Poppies have black spot which may be so considered (a) — Ivy-leaved Pelargonium case — spreading of colour?

Note necessary as believe both show [2 words illeg] tissue

Considering all cases I believe they do serve as C. K. Sprenger believes & it seem to me extremely curious fact that not only general conspicuous colour, but even small & elegant marks shd have been developed for so special a purpose; but knowing as we do the present importance of visits of insects, we have no reason to be astonished.

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(a) In Papaver orientalis very large black mark in middle of each Scarlet petal, the lower margins of which generally end in streaks which point to where nectar ought to lie, but does not do so. The black marks as but as good a claim to be so considered as large circular black mark on each wing petal of common bean, or those on Orchard Stanhopea— possibly serve merely to make flower more conspicuous & recognizable

The nectar-guides on Broom too slight to be of any service — perhaps rudimentary —

[Slip of paper pasted on] An insect wd save a fraction of a second by alighting on right side of flower, & such flower wd be visited oftenest in given time─