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& hang losely loosely, as do his lips, but not very closely to the head, & are depressed; and his lips hang loosely. From the falling drawing back of the ears, the eyelids become elongated, & the eyes no longer appear round & staring. Not one of these movements, so clearly expressive of affection, are of the least direct use service to the animal. They are explicable, as far as I can see, solely from being in incomplete opposition or antitheses with to the attitude & movements, & attitude which from intelligible causes are assumed when the animal is preparing intends to fight, & which are consequently expressive of hostility of anger.

We will now turn to the Cat. When this animal is threatened by a dog it arches greatly its back in a surprising manner, erects its his hair, opens its mouth & spits, but We But we are not partic here concerned with this well-known attitude, expressive of terror combined with anger; but we are concerned with the expression of rage or anger alone by itself. This is not often

[Draft is in the hand of Henrietta Litchfield with corrections by Darwin. It corresponds to Expression, pp. 55-6.]

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depressed." At last the poor man seemed to feel make up his mind that he must part from with his goat, & then, as Mr Scott saw, the eyebrows became slightly oblique, with a marked the characteristic puckering or swelling at the inner ends, which is a highly; but the wrinkles on the forehead were not present. He then The man thus stood thus for a minute, then heaving a deep sigh, burst into tears, raised up his two hands, blessed the goat, turned round & without looking once again went away.) without once looking again.

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On the cause of the obliquity of the eyebrows under suffering. —

During several years no expression appeared seemed to me so utterly perplexing as the present one. Why should grief or & anxiety cause the central orbicular nerve central portion fasciæ alone of the frontal frontal muscles, together with those round the eyes & mouth be contract to contract? Here we seem to have a complex movement solely for the sake for the sole purpose of expressing grief; & yet it is a comparatively rare expression, & one often overlooked. I believe the explanation is not not so difficult as it at first appears. I have Dr. Duchenne has given a drawing f (fig) photograph of the young man before referred to, who when looking upwards at a bright surface involuntarily contracted in his grief muscles in a greatly an exaggerated manner. h the grief-muscles. I had entirely forgotten this statement by photograph

[Expression, p. 188. Fair copy in Ebenezer Norman's hand is in CUL-DAR59.1.7r.]

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On the same axis as to wh. these wheels are fixed two rollers run idly and one side each arm of the fork shown in the diagram passes against one of these rollers & their forces the carriage backwards & forwards.

The fork is close by a spring to prevent back lash.

At the end A of the rod AB there is a swivel connecting it with a flat rod iron bar wh. slides in the hollow shafting. At the other end a chain is fixed, wh. is fastened to the small rigger (K) & this tends to twin the shaft (I); on the thin shaft is supported by brackets fixed to the rigger & this rotates with the main shaft.

Same shaft is fixed and this rigger to wh. one end of a short a chain is also fixed; (M) at & the other end of this chain is fixed the a sector of a circle fastened to the side of the idle rigger.

The rigger (M) N is driven by betting from

[George Darwin's notes.]