[B4]

(a) We must bear in mind that in this difference between savages & civilised natives, that a reduced number due not presently gives more food to [3 words illeg] this farmer with savages doing

the periodical farmer, a slight decrease in number few cause new previous causes, wd not give — so much relief as might be expected, so as to save number from perishing, for the difficulty of gathering food in its being hardly scattered & the long search to obtain it.

During prolonged stormy weather in T. del Fuego, it is not signify whether there were few or many, all wd suffer. So it wd be if the Buffalo or other such animal had been under man by [illeg] double

[In box:] With civilised natives this is a stock of food & of 1/4 run left from remainder

(Ch 3)

[B4v]

Extinction

Savages for generations having been exposed [hardship] & less nutrition as food been led to [illeg] & habit which has been bred & not easily altered— probably lessened fatality — long suckling — wandering habits — wars. Especially infanticide — licentiousness. (a) Now we have seen that these numbers are always kept down by checks [illeg] kind different with different nations — Most difficult to bear than is ruined — Therefore it is not so mysterious as it at first appears. Thus any new check introduced (The [illeg] is common to all animals) — new diseases — interference — shd lead to rapidly decreasing numbers.— & to Gerlands fact that a tribe when beginning to decrease, give [2 words illeg] extinction, when are small it could by weakness lead to other tribes increasing.—

Gerland, Georg. 1868. Über das Aussterben der Naturvölker. Leipzig: Friedrich Fleischer. PDF