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Geotrupes squeaks from distress & when held by hind legs, or at least shows some signs of anger –

Chiasognathus evidently from anger & defiance. What cause of Acalles, whether fear or anger cannot be told, but Mr Crotch informs me that in the Canaries he used to bite the dried [illeg] & then by listening could hear the stridulation at the distance of some feet & so ascertain whether there were specimen within; also when placed in pill-box.

/over

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But the noises made from these varied emotions are a reason why they vary but are their voice, if it may be so called, for making love; for birds, use their true voice under similar emotions.

It is quite incredible, but Mr. Crotch thinks wd frighten [few words illeg] the few individuals which devour the larger coleoptera, - Owls & birds of Prey, probably Hedgehogs & Foxes eat Geotrupes.

[Darwin cited this in Descent 1: 384-5.]