RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1866-1870]. [Lepidoptera] Rhopalocera / Heterocera [numbers of males and females table]. CUL-DAR81.84-86. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed and edited by John van Wyhe 2.2022, 12.2025. RN2

NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volumes CUL-DAR80-86 contain material for Darwin's book Descent of man (1871).


84

(1)

A. Rhopalocera

Male

Female

(2)

Male

Female

Thais Cerisyi

12

25

Hycaena Coretas

6

8

— Rumina

10

15

 Trochilus

8

10

Dortis Apollinus

25

35

Optilete

3

5

Parnassius Delius

5

8

 Pylaon

10

15

Pieris Kruesreri

40

50

Hysimon med

5

8

— Ergane

6

12

Eroides

8

12

— Callidice

5

7

Amanda

3

4

Anthocaris Belia

3

4

Agestor

4

6

— do var

5

8

Dorylas

2

3

 Ausonia

6

8

Daphnis

3

4

— var, simplonia

6

8

var.

5

10

— Eusrheno

3

4

Rippertii

8

10

— Gruneri

20

50

hefebvrei

8

12

— Damone

30

50

Damon

2

3

Colias Palaeno

4

5

Sebrus

6

10

— Pelidne

12

20

Coelestina

10

15

— Nastes

20

30

Diomedes

2

3

— var

30

40

Arcas

3

4

— Erate

7

9

Nemeobius Lucina

3

4

— hibanotica

50

80

Asratura Iris

6

10

— Aurorina

60

70

 Clytie

4

8

— Phicomone

3

4

Himenitis Posruli

6

12

— Edusa

2

3

Melitaea v. Aetherea

5

8

Thestor Ballus

5

10

Argynnis v Ossianus

12

20

Polyommatus Thersamon

3

5

 v. Hingal

12

20

— Hippothoë

5

9

 v. Arsilache

4

6

— var

4

6

 v. happonica

6

8

— Gordius

6

8

Freija ; med

15

25

 

387

583

56

169

263

 

84v

(3)

Male

Female

(4)

Male

Female

Araymnis Dia

1

2

Satyrus, v. amalthea

15

25

Arge v. Procida

4

8

 Iolaus

10

12

 hachesis

4

6

 Arethusa

2

4

 harissa

6

8

 v. Allionia

4

6

herta

4

8

 Cordula

4

6

v. Cleanthe

8

12

 Actaea

5

8

Psyche

5

7

Pararga Roxellana

20

25

Erebia Mnestra

6

8

 Clymene

10

15

Ceto

4

6

 v. hyssa

8

12

Medusa

2

4

 v. Meone

5

7

Pirene

4

8

 Dejanira

4

8

Evias

6

10

Epinephele v. Hisrulla

2

4

Alecto

6

10

 v. Telmessia

12

16

Glacialis

7

11

Pasiphaë

3

5

Scipio

12

18

Coenonympha Oedipus

8

12

Esristygne

12

16

 Hero

2

4

Tyndarus

2

4

 Philea

3

4

Ottomana med.

10

20

 Davus

2

3

Gorge

4

6

Syrichthus Proto (Graecia)

4

6

Goante

4

6

 Cribrellum

10

12

Medea

2

4

 v. Moeschleri

5

10

Higea var. happ

4

6

 Cacaliae

8

10

Euryale

2

4

 Centaureae

25

30

Embla

40

50

 Phlomidis

20

30

Disa pap.

20

30

 Euerate

5

8

Chionobas Norna

25

40

 Erynnis Marloyi

40

50

 Taygete

15

20

Hesperia Actaeon

3

5

Satyrus Anthe ✓

25

20

Carterocephalus Paniscus

3

4

Anthelea

20

30

Silvius

10

12

 

264

382

 

252

353

85

 

Male

Female

(5)

Male

Female

 

 

 

B. Heterocera.

 

 

1st column

387

583

Sesia Astatiformis

5

7

2nd "

169

263

 Braconiformis

10

12

3rd "

264

382

 Aerifrons

30

35

4th "

252

353

Paranthrene v. Brosiformis

8

15

([illeg]) 114

1072

1581

Ino Globulariae

3

4

Average

9.4

13.86

 Budensis

3

5

 

1072

1581

 Amsrelophaga

8

12

 

25

20

Zygaena Dalmatina

20

30

113

1047

1561

 Kadenii

30

35

1561: 1047::

100 :

67

 Dorycnii

20

25

Or this is better

 

 

 Baetica

12

20

1047 : 1561 : :

100 :

149

Naclia Ancilla

3

5

 

 

 

[Babyedea]

 

 

 

 

 

Nudaria Mundana

2

4

 

 

 

Setina Irrorella

1

2

 

 

 

 Roseida

3

6

 

 

 

 Kruhlweinii

5

8

 

 

 

 v. Romosa

3

5

 

 

 

Hithosia Pallifrons

10

15

 

 

 

Emydia v. Punctigera

8

10

 

 

 

Arctia Flavia   tiger moth

100

140

 

 

 

Epialus Velleda

4

6

 

 

 

 Carnus

8

12

 

 

 

Zeuzera Aesculi pl.9 4.5 ✓

10

6

 

 

 

Phragmataecia Castaneae Rube ✓

10

8

 

 

 

Endagria Patherina

6

8

 

 

 

Himacodes Asellus dun pl 16.8 ✓

15

10

 

 

 

Bubyilk

337

445

 

So that on average if a male cost 100, a female cost 149 — or the price of male to female is as 100 to 149; consequently by standard for every 100 females there wd be 149 males.

(Species & Vars  (are they all European?) So that the price of each female on average being called 100, a male costs only

There are in list of 300 of butterflies, & of these 113 differ in prices by sex: that males in all cases but one being the cheapest or commonest Mr D. says probably many are bred.—

(D. O. Staudinger Lepidopteren — Doubblettren Liste no. X. Dec. 1866.—)

Cited in Descent 1:312. "Mr. Doubleday has called my attention to Dr. Staudinger's64 list of Lepidoptera, which gives the prices of the males and females of 300 species or well-marked varieties of (Rhopalocera) butterflies. 64 'Lepidopteren-Doubblettren Liste,' Berlin, No. x. 1866."

85v

(6)

Male

Female

(7)

Male

Female

Esrichnopteryx Intermediella ✓

6

3

Thalpocares Arucuinna

6

12

Orgyia Dubia

8

12

 v. Ingrata

20

30

Ocneria Rubea

7

9

 Suava

10

12

Dasychira Hascelina

3

4

 Jucunda

16

30

 Selenitica ✓

8

6

Mesotrosta Signalis

10

16

 Populifolia ✓

45

40

Catlocala conversa

10

12

Endromis Versicolora

5

7

 Flaveolaria

6

8

Aglia Tau

3

5

Ochrata

3

4

Hyybocampa Milhauseri

45

55

 Sericeata

2

3

Notodonta Dictaeoides B.

4

5

 Pallidata

3

4

Agrotis Speciosa

45

60

 Obsoletaria

5

10

 huecogaster

32

40

 Pecharia

15

20

 Corrosa

30

40

 Rubricata

2

3

 habyrinthica ✓

60

40

 Immutata

3

5

Dryobota Robris

4

6

 Strigaria

6

8

Dichonia Aeruginea ✓

7

5

 Decorata

2

3

Coenobia Rufa

10

20

Ochondontia Adustaria

8

10

Tapinostola Extrema (Bondii)

40

50

Ellopia v. Prasinaria

5

7

Caradrina Palustris

8

12

Metrocampa Margaritata

4

8

Pachnobia heucographa

16

24

Eugonia Alniaria

4

6

Scotochrosta Pulla

8

10

Hyposlectis Adssersaria

6

8

Cleophana Baetica

60

100

Cuastoloma Flavicaria

6

8

Anarta Melaleuca

30

40

Dysemon Caliginearia

20

25

 

558

683

 

228

321

86

(8)

Male

Female

(9)

Male

Female

Hibernia Bajaria

5

7

Cidaria Munitata

4

8

Anisopteryx Aceraria

1

6

 Didymata

3

4

Boarmia Rhomboidaria

5

7

 Malvata ✓

12

10

Gyophos Sordaria

6

10

 Corticaata

4

6

 v. Scarlettaria

20

30

Eupithecia lanceata

5

8

Psodos Alfrinata

2

4

Pyralis Massilialis

6

10

Colutogyna Husca

4

12

Botys Ramburialis

10

12

Egea Pravata

10

12

Crambus Radiellus

3

6

Hidonia Hamula

5

7

 Combinellus

3

4

Athroolopha Pennigeraria

15

20

 Jucundellus

6

8

Eurranthis Phimistaria

4

7

 Saxonellus

4

6

Selidosema Plumaria

2

4

 Inquinatellus

3

6

 Taeniolaria

6

10

 Eromene Bella

4

6

Phasiane Scutularia

5

8

Endorea Ochrealis

3

5

Scodonia Conspersaria

6

8

 Valesialis

5

8

Eusarea Badiaria

8

12

 Sudetica

2

4

 Jacularia

10

15

Pempelia Palumbella

2

3

Aspilates Mundataria

6

8

Hypochalcia Decorella

5

8

 Gilvaria

3

4

 Germarella

5

8

 Citraria

3

4

Tortrine Semialbana

4

5

Cleogene Illibata

20

30

 Gerningana

3

5

Sterrha Anthophilaria

10

20

 Flavana

6

10

 v. Rosearia

25

35

 Amplana

5

8

Hythria Sanguinaria

15

20

 v. Dohrniana

6

10

Ortholitha Plumbata

2

3

 Rusticana

2

3

 Cervinata ✓

4

3

Atychia Appendiculata

3

5

Hobophora Sertata

12

18

Incurvaria Muscalella

2

4

Cidaria Hirmata ✓

12

10

Chimbabacche Phyganella

3

8

 

226

334

 

123

188

 

86v

(10)

Male

Female

 

Male

Female

Megacraspredus Imparellus

6

10

5th Column

337

445

Pleurota Rostrella

3

8

6th "

558

683

Butalis Cuspidella

4

5

7th "

228

321

 Clavella

6

8

8th "

226

334

Choreutis Dolosana

5

7

9th "

123

188

 

24

38

10th "

24

38

There are about 2000 species & vars. Of Heterocera moths in catalogue. Exchange those with Aplennes females of these 141 differ by sexes in female; in only 11 the males are dearer than females; in 130 the males are cheaper in proportions given. However sexes do not differ apparently in number as often in moth as with butterflies & difference not quite so great & this agrees with less apparent results of sexual selection.—

 

 

141

1496

2009

 

 

average

10.6

14.24

 

 

 

1496

2009

 

 

 

189

141

 

 

130

1307

1868

 

 

 ♀ 1868 : ♂ 1307 ::

100

70

 

 

♂ 1307 : ♀ 1868 ::

♂100

♀143

 

 

So that on average the price of males to that of females is as 100 to 143: consequently by the standard for every 100 female moths there must be 143 males.—

[piece of paper affixed to page:]

Males dearer than ♀

 

 

10-

6

 

10-

8

 

15-

10

 

6-

3

 

8-

6

 

45-

40

 

60-

40

 

7-

5

 

4-

3

 

12-

10

 

(11) 12-

10

 

189

141

 

♂189 : ♀141 :: ♂100 : ♀74.

So that in these 11 for every 100 females there would be only 74 males —

The exceptional cases of male moths dearer than females.—

Are these beautiful??


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Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)

File last updated 27 December, 2025