RECORD: Darwin, C. R. [1866-1870]. [Lepidoptera] Rhopalocera / Heterocera [numbers of males and females table]. CUL-DAR81.84-86. (John van Wyhe ed., 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online, http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed and edited by John van Wyhe 2.2022, 12.2025. RN2
NOTE: See record in the Darwin Online manuscript catalogue, enter its Identifier here. Reproduced with permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library and William Huxley Darwin. The volumes CUL-DAR80-86 contain material for Darwin's book Descent of man (1871).
84
(1) A. Rhopalocera |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
(2) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
Thais Cerisyi |
12 |
25 |
Hycaena Coretas |
6 |
8 |
— Rumina |
10 |
15 |
Trochilus |
8 |
10 |
Dortis Apollinus |
25 |
35 |
Optilete |
3 |
5 |
Parnassius Delius |
5 |
8 |
Pylaon |
10 |
15 |
Pieris Kruesreri |
40 |
50 |
Hysimon med |
5 |
8 |
— Ergane |
6 |
12 |
Eroides |
8 |
12 |
— Callidice |
5 |
7 |
Amanda |
3 |
4 |
Anthocaris Belia |
3 |
4 |
Agestor |
4 |
6 |
— do var |
5 |
8 |
Dorylas |
2 |
3 |
Ausonia |
6 |
8 |
Daphnis |
3 |
4 |
— var, simplonia |
6 |
8 |
var. |
5 |
10 |
— Eusrheno |
3 |
4 |
Rippertii |
8 |
10 |
— Gruneri |
20 |
50 |
hefebvrei |
8 |
12 |
— Damone |
30 |
50 |
Damon |
2 |
3 |
Colias Palaeno |
4 |
5 |
Sebrus |
6 |
10 |
— Pelidne |
12 |
20 |
Coelestina |
10 |
15 |
— Nastes |
20 |
30 |
Diomedes |
2 |
3 |
— var |
30 |
40 |
Arcas |
3 |
4 |
— Erate |
7 |
9 |
Nemeobius Lucina |
3 |
4 |
— hibanotica |
50 |
80 |
Asratura Iris |
6 |
10 |
— Aurorina |
60 |
70 |
Clytie |
4 |
8 |
— Phicomone |
3 |
4 |
Himenitis Posruli |
6 |
12 |
— Edusa |
2 |
3 |
Melitaea v. Aetherea |
5 |
8 |
Thestor Ballus |
5 |
10 |
Argynnis v Ossianus |
12 |
20 |
Polyommatus Thersamon |
3 |
5 |
v. Hingal |
12 |
20 |
— Hippothoë |
5 |
9 |
v. Arsilache |
4 |
6 |
— var |
4 |
6 |
v. happonica |
6 |
8 |
— Gordius |
6 |
8 |
Freija ; med |
15 |
25 |
|
387 |
583 |
56 |
169 |
263 |
84v
(3) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
(4) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
Araymnis Dia |
1 |
2 |
Satyrus, v. amalthea |
15 |
25 |
Arge v. Procida |
4 |
8 |
Iolaus |
10 |
12 |
hachesis |
4 |
6 |
Arethusa |
2 |
4 |
harissa |
6 |
8 |
v. Allionia |
4 |
6 |
herta |
4 |
8 |
Cordula |
4 |
6 |
v. Cleanthe |
8 |
12 |
Actaea |
5 |
8 |
Psyche |
5 |
7 |
Pararga Roxellana |
20 |
25 |
Erebia Mnestra |
6 |
8 |
Clymene |
10 |
15 |
Ceto |
4 |
6 |
v. hyssa |
8 |
12 |
Medusa |
2 |
4 |
v. Meone |
5 |
7 |
Pirene |
4 |
8 |
Dejanira |
4 |
8 |
Evias |
6 |
10 |
Epinephele v. Hisrulla |
2 |
4 |
Alecto |
6 |
10 |
v. Telmessia |
12 |
16 |
Glacialis |
7 |
11 |
Pasiphaë |
3 |
5 |
Scipio |
12 |
18 |
Coenonympha Oedipus |
8 |
12 |
Esristygne |
12 |
16 |
Hero |
2 |
4 |
Tyndarus |
2 |
4 |
Philea |
3 |
4 |
Ottomana med. |
10 |
20 |
Davus |
2 |
3 |
Gorge |
4 |
6 |
Syrichthus Proto (Graecia) |
4 |
6 |
Goante |
4 |
6 |
Cribrellum |
10 |
12 |
Medea |
2 |
4 |
v. Moeschleri |
5 |
10 |
Higea var. happ |
4 |
6 |
Cacaliae |
8 |
10 |
Euryale |
2 |
4 |
Centaureae |
25 |
30 |
Embla |
40 |
50 |
Phlomidis |
20 |
30 |
Disa pap. |
20 |
30 |
Euerate |
5 |
8 |
Chionobas Norna |
25 |
40 |
Erynnis Marloyi |
40 |
50 |
Taygete |
15 |
20 |
Hesperia Actaeon |
3 |
5 |
Satyrus Anthe ✓ |
25 |
20 |
Carterocephalus Paniscus |
3 |
4 |
Anthelea |
20 |
30 |
Silvius |
10 |
12 |
|
264 |
382 |
|
252 |
353 |
85
|
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
(5) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
|
|
|
B. Heterocera. |
|
|
1st column |
387 |
583 |
Sesia Astatiformis |
5 |
7 |
2nd " |
169 |
263 |
Braconiformis |
10 |
12 |
3rd " |
264 |
382 |
Aerifrons |
30 |
35 |
4th " |
252 |
353 |
Paranthrene v. Brosiformis |
8 |
15 |
([illeg]) 114 |
1072 |
1581 |
Ino Globulariae |
3 |
4 |
Average |
9.4 |
13.86 |
Budensis |
3 |
5 |
|
1072 |
1581 |
Amsrelophaga |
8 |
12 |
|
25 |
20 |
Zygaena Dalmatina |
20 |
30 |
113 |
1047 |
1561 |
Kadenii |
30 |
35 |
1561: 1047:: |
100 : |
67 |
Dorycnii |
20 |
25 |
Or this is better |
|
|
Baetica |
12 |
20 |
1047 : 1561 : : |
100 : |
149 |
Naclia Ancilla |
3 |
5 |
|
|
|
[Babyedea] |
|
|
|
|
|
Nudaria Mundana |
2 |
4 |
|
|
|
Setina Irrorella |
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
Roseida |
3 |
6 |
|
|
|
Kruhlweinii |
5 |
8 |
|
|
|
v. Romosa |
3 |
5 |
|
|
|
Hithosia Pallifrons |
10 |
15 |
|
|
|
Emydia v. Punctigera |
8 |
10 |
|
|
|
Arctia Flavia tiger moth |
100 |
140 |
|
|
|
Epialus Velleda |
4 |
6 |
|
|
|
Carnus |
8 |
12 |
|
|
|
Zeuzera Aesculi pl.9 4.5 ✓ |
10 |
6 |
|
|
|
Phragmataecia Castaneae Rube ✓ |
10 |
8 |
|
|
|
Endagria Patherina |
6 |
8 |
|
|
|
Himacodes Asellus dun pl 16.8 ✓ |
15 |
10 |
|
|
|
Bubyilk |
337 |
445 |
So that on average if a male cost 100, a female cost 149 — or the price of male to female is as 100 to 149; consequently by standard for every 100 females there wd be 149 males.
(Species & Vars (are they all European?) So that the price of each female on average being called 100, a male costs only
There are in list of 300 of butterflies, & of these 113 differ in prices by sex: that males in all cases but one being the cheapest or commonest Mr D. says probably many are bred.—
(D. O. Staudinger Lepidopteren — Doubblettren Liste no. X. Dec. 1866.—)
Cited in Descent 1:312. "Mr. Doubleday has called my attention to Dr. Staudinger's64 list of Lepidoptera, which gives the prices of the males and females of 300 species or well-marked varieties of (Rhopalocera) butterflies. 64 'Lepidopteren-Doubblettren Liste,' Berlin, No. x. 1866."
85v
(6) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
(7) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
Esrichnopteryx Intermediella ✓ |
6 |
3 |
Thalpocares Arucuinna |
6 |
12 |
Orgyia Dubia |
8 |
12 |
v. Ingrata |
20 |
30 |
Ocneria Rubea |
7 |
9 |
Suava |
10 |
12 |
Dasychira Hascelina |
3 |
4 |
Jucunda |
16 |
30 |
Selenitica ✓ |
8 |
6 |
Mesotrosta Signalis |
10 |
16 |
Populifolia ✓ |
45 |
40 |
Catlocala conversa |
10 |
12 |
Endromis Versicolora |
5 |
7 |
Flaveolaria |
6 |
8 |
Aglia Tau |
3 |
5 |
Ochrata |
3 |
4 |
Hyybocampa Milhauseri |
45 |
55 |
Sericeata |
2 |
3 |
Notodonta Dictaeoides B. |
4 |
5 |
Pallidata |
3 |
4 |
Agrotis Speciosa |
45 |
60 |
Obsoletaria |
5 |
10 |
huecogaster |
32 |
40 |
Pecharia |
15 |
20 |
Corrosa |
30 |
40 |
Rubricata |
2 |
3 |
habyrinthica ✓ |
60 |
40 |
Immutata |
3 |
5 |
Dryobota Robris |
4 |
6 |
Strigaria |
6 |
8 |
Dichonia Aeruginea ✓ |
7 |
5 |
Decorata |
2 |
3 |
Coenobia Rufa |
10 |
20 |
Ochondontia Adustaria |
8 |
10 |
Tapinostola Extrema (Bondii) |
40 |
50 |
Ellopia v. Prasinaria |
5 |
7 |
Caradrina Palustris |
8 |
12 |
Metrocampa Margaritata |
4 |
8 |
Pachnobia heucographa |
16 |
24 |
Eugonia Alniaria |
4 |
6 |
Scotochrosta Pulla |
8 |
10 |
Hyposlectis Adssersaria |
6 |
8 |
Cleophana Baetica |
60 |
100 |
Cuastoloma Flavicaria |
6 |
8 |
Anarta Melaleuca |
30 |
40 |
Dysemon Caliginearia |
20 |
25 |
|
558 |
683 |
|
228 |
321 |
86
(8) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
(9) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
Hibernia Bajaria |
5 |
7 |
Cidaria Munitata |
4 |
8 |
Anisopteryx Aceraria |
1 |
6 |
Didymata |
3 |
4 |
Boarmia Rhomboidaria |
5 |
7 |
Malvata ✓ |
12 |
10 |
Gyophos Sordaria |
6 |
10 |
Corticaata |
4 |
6 |
v. Scarlettaria |
20 |
30 |
Eupithecia lanceata |
5 |
8 |
Psodos Alfrinata |
2 |
4 |
Pyralis Massilialis |
6 |
10 |
Colutogyna Husca |
4 |
12 |
Botys Ramburialis |
10 |
12 |
Egea Pravata |
10 |
12 |
Crambus Radiellus |
3 |
6 |
Hidonia Hamula |
5 |
7 |
Combinellus |
3 |
4 |
Athroolopha Pennigeraria |
15 |
20 |
Jucundellus |
6 |
8 |
Eurranthis Phimistaria |
4 |
7 |
Saxonellus |
4 |
6 |
Selidosema Plumaria |
2 |
4 |
Inquinatellus |
3 |
6 |
Taeniolaria |
6 |
10 |
Eromene Bella |
4 |
6 |
Phasiane Scutularia |
5 |
8 |
Endorea Ochrealis |
3 |
5 |
Scodonia Conspersaria |
6 |
8 |
Valesialis |
5 |
8 |
Eusarea Badiaria |
8 |
12 |
Sudetica |
2 |
4 |
Jacularia |
10 |
15 |
Pempelia Palumbella |
2 |
3 |
Aspilates Mundataria |
6 |
8 |
Hypochalcia Decorella |
5 |
8 |
Gilvaria |
3 |
4 |
Germarella |
5 |
8 |
Citraria |
3 |
4 |
Tortrine Semialbana |
4 |
5 |
Cleogene Illibata |
20 |
30 |
Gerningana |
3 |
5 |
Sterrha Anthophilaria |
10 |
20 |
Flavana |
6 |
10 |
v. Rosearia |
25 |
35 |
Amplana |
5 |
8 |
Hythria Sanguinaria |
15 |
20 |
v. Dohrniana |
6 |
10 |
Ortholitha Plumbata |
2 |
3 |
Rusticana |
2 |
3 |
Cervinata ✓ |
4 |
3 |
Atychia Appendiculata |
3 |
5 |
Hobophora Sertata |
12 |
18 |
Incurvaria Muscalella |
2 |
4 |
Cidaria Hirmata ✓ |
12 |
10 |
Chimbabacche Phyganella |
3 |
8 |
|
226 |
334 |
|
123 |
188 |
86v
(10) |
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
|
Male ♂ |
Female ♀ |
Megacraspredus Imparellus |
6 |
10 |
5th Column |
337 |
445 |
Pleurota Rostrella |
3 |
8 |
6th " |
558 |
683 |
Butalis Cuspidella |
4 |
5 |
7th " |
228 |
321 |
Clavella |
6 |
8 |
8th " |
226 |
334 |
Choreutis Dolosana |
5 |
7 |
9th " |
123 |
188 |
|
24 |
38 |
10th " |
24 |
38 |
There are about 2000 species & vars. Of Heterocera moths in catalogue. Exchange those with Aplennes females of these 141 differ by sexes in female; in only 11 the males are dearer than females; in 130 the males are cheaper in proportions given. However sexes do not differ apparently in number as often in moth as with butterflies & difference not quite so great & this agrees with less apparent results of sexual selection.— |
|
|
141 |
1496 |
2009 |
|
|
average |
10.6 |
14.24 |
|
|
|
|
1496 |
2009 |
|
|
|
|
189 |
141 |
|
|
|
130 |
1307 |
1868 |
|
|
|
♀ 1868 : ♂ 1307 :: |
100 |
70 |
|
|
|
♂ 1307 : ♀ 1868 :: |
♂100 |
♀143 |
|
|
|
So that on average the price of males to that of females is as 100 to 143: consequently by the standard for every 100 female moths there must be 143 males.— |
|||
[piece of paper affixed to page:]
Males dearer than ♀ |
|
|
♂ |
♀ |
|
10- |
6 |
|
10- |
8 |
|
15- |
10 |
|
6- |
3 |
|
8- |
6 |
|
45- |
40 |
|
60- |
40 |
|
7- |
5 |
|
4- |
3 |
|
12- |
10 |
|
(11) 12- |
10 |
|
189 |
141 |
|
♂189 : ♀141 :: ♂100 : ♀74. So that in these 11 for every 100 females there would be only 74 males — |
||
The exceptional cases of male moths dearer than females.—
Are these beautiful??
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 27 December, 2025