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Zeischrift für Wissenschaft Zoolog.  B. 17. – 1867

[p. 351, n23: "Zeitschrift für wissenschaft. Zoolog.' B. xvii. 1867, s. 152-158"]

Dr. H. Landois Die Ton- und Stimmapparate der Insecten.

p. 114. In Acridida, the base of femur is rubbed against ridge on wing-covers, which are thus made to vibrate & sound - whole apparatus closely resembles fiddle & the bow.

p 115 In ♀ traces of the teeth on femurs & of the projecting veins on wing-covers - but not enough to make sound.

p. 116 ♂ resemble the ♀ before the last [illeg]. The ♀ is in same state as male before last metamorphosis. p. 116

p 117 In Achetida, the wing-covers are bowed & rubbed against each other

p 118 first one wing is rubbed over the other, & then the movement is reversed, for both wings have the same structure & either will act as the bow & either as the fiddle.

p. 120 rudiments in ♀

p 121 Locustidæ Right wing-cover lies under left, Left wing use as the bow lies over right-wing, which serve as the fiddle & right serves as the fiddle, whilst the left serves as the bow - On right wing, near base there is a space formed of fine transparent membrane, the [illeg] bristle, surrounded by ridges. On under side of left-wing in corresponding position, nerves furnished with transverse teeth - As wings differ cannot reverse their movement. But on one under side of right wing, rudiment of toothed musical ridges.

p. 121 (say as I cd plainly see in a British

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Landois

p. 122 In ♀ in this group in a Decticus, no rudiment of the musical instrument of male:

p. 123 Shows that Coleoptera emit sound by rubbing part of body together furnished with special apparatus

p. 131 on Ticking of Anobium pertinax - answers to sound - difficult to decide what part of body strikes surface - References to Paper.

p. 153. Cicada in ♂ on underside of Metathorax 2 scales, covering 2 holes, lined with thin structureless iridescent membranes, these act together with other more complex part only as a resounding apparatus.

p. 155 the orifices of the spiracle, which rested close by these cavities, near base of post. legs are very remarkable, & Dr L is convinced the current of air, set into motion by the tracheæ, cause the lips of the orifice to vibrate & emit a sound -  so sound may be called a voice.

157 In ♀ whole apparatus especially the lips of orifice of spiracles, are present, but are far less developed. = (All about muscles a mistake) - Other insect emit sound by means of the spiracles of their Tracheæ

Is "spiracles" right—? He says "stigmas"