[B40]

Besides claspers the male Rays eyes to others recent species have cluster of spines outside the eyes & a regular row "towards the upper, outer surface of the pectoral fins." The males of some species which in others under the [illeg].  Dr. G. suspects that these species which are only temporarily developed during the breeding season – are inward brought into action the doubly [illeg] of the side of the as prehensile body organs. - The ♀ larger than male - It is a more remarkable & singular circumstance that the ♀ alone of some sp., as of R. clavata has large their back studded with large spines.

Again in some species as R. clavata the ♂ not only when adult acquires sharp pointed teeth, whilst those of the female are blunt & figures are given of them in Yarrell Hist of B. Fishes Vol 2 1836 p 416); & as in so many analogous cases both sexes of other sp. have similar sharp teeth, (Mr. Bates) whilst both sexes of often have blunt teeth

We may suspect that as Rays are bold & fiercer fishes thus sharp teeth are used for sexual warfare

[in margin:] after [illeg] tells.

(over)

[B40v]

p. 432 in the R. maculata - in which both sexes have sharp teeth, they are acquired earlier by the males, that is when the male is smaller, was [illeg] hereafter meet with analogous case with birds, both sexes of which when adults have similar plumage: & when will be said as one proof that such plumage they come to both is sexual in its nature

This is evidence that sharp teeth known to both sexes - in other case neither sex has acquired them.