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May be said that head of ♀ when she comes out of hole wd be more conspicuous if crimson; but does not male incubate?? & too many of both sexes have equal or nearly equally crimson heads for this view. - & the breast in [illeg] . validus if crimson in ♀ wd. not be exposed. Fine gradation from head of ♀ with no trace of crimson, the heads of both sexes equally crimson. In a multitude of species throughout family head of male more crimson than that of ♀.

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Monographie des Picidées par Alp. Malherbe Malherbe. 1861.

Vol. 3. Pl. IX Megapicus validus validus male crimson on head, neck & whole breast, with some yellow on side of face, - ♀ pale brown wherever ♂ is crimson.

Pl. I. Megapicus imperialis, ♂ with crimson top-knot; ♀ with coal black topknot.

Pl. II. M. magellanicus do but ♀ with a little crimson round base of beak

P. III M. Boiei ♀with top (& in separate other species) of topknot black the rest crimson, but with white & black stripe beneath eye large.

III. M. robustus & M. rubicollus P. VIII & other species heads of sexes nearly alike & crimson

Pl V. M. Grayi ♀ no trace of crimson on head

Pl. XI. Dryopicus Galeatus in ♀the post. part of top-knot alone crimson, ant. part brown, when crimson in ♂

PXIII D. Hodgsonii, in ♀part of head black post. part of top-knot alone crim[son]

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